The victims of National Socialism among the parliamentarians from Lower Saxony areas

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The memorial plaque “The Victims of National Socialism among the MPs from Lower Saxony”, installed in 2007 in the Lower Saxony State Parliament

A memorial plaque in Hanover in the foyer of the Leineschloss headlines the victims of National Socialism among the parliamentarians from Lower Saxony . The board, which is not open to the public , commemorates 35 democratically elected MPs in what is now the state of Lower Saxony , who were " murdered by SA men , Gestapo officials or concentration camp guards [...]" or driven to suicide between 1933 and 1945 during National Socialism were. In addition to those named on the plaque, the plaque is also intended to commemorate those MPs who were harassed and persecuted, robbed of their existence and driven into exile during the more than twelve years of "state criminal rule [of the National Socialists] ." "Those who got away with scarce adversity and who, not infrequently, had just been freed from prisons and concentration camps, who were physically and mentally badly damaged, started again in the early summer of 1945 in order to create a just , democratic society."

With the memorial plaque inaugurated in 2007 - at the same time a memorial against a " dictatorship that did not grant those who think differently a right to exist, persecuted them to their death because of their convictions " - the Lower Saxony state parliament was the first state parliament in the Federal Republic of Germany to be reminiscent of its present day Electoral districts from various political parties who were elected during the Weimar Republic and later murdered by the National Socialists .

history

Already in 1933 , the year of the so-called “ seizure of power ”, almost no member of parliament or functionary, especially left-wing parties , escaped the harassment and harassment , especially “of the SA, which was raging in the frenzy of a ' national revolution ' [with violence], its opponents en masse and completely illegally taken into so-called protective custody ”. Some of the victims, some of whom were only released from “protective custody” after weeks or even months, then became involved in the resistance against National Socialism , but only in secret underground movements until the Gestapo largely smashed these organizations in the mid-1930s would have.

In the persecution of parliamentary representatives, the former Free State of Braunschweig stood out among the trio of Prime Minister Dietrich Klagges , Justice Minister Friedrich Alpers and Friedrich Jeckeln , the "Chief of the Braunschweig State Police ". These three were “responsible for the gruesome deaths of 15 former Social Democratic members of parliament”.

The state of Oldenburg , in which the NSDAP had also been in government before 1933 , also massively persecuted numerous members of the left-wing parties under Prime Minister Georg Joel .

While ten former members of the Hanoverian provincial parliament were killed by the National Socialists, the small state of Schaumburg-Lippe with its 15 members did not suffer any fatalities, but there were politically motivated persecutions here too.

After the middle of the Second World War, the assassination on 20 July 1944 had failed, prevailed by Heinrich Himmler decreed " Operation Storm ", a "boundless revenge " a former against all Reichstag , state and city officials , especially the SPD and the KPD and Former social democratic party and trade union secretaries : On August 22, 1944, around 6,000 people were suddenly arrested in the territory of the German Reich , including around 60 in what would later become Lower Saxony. Even though the majority of those arrested were mostly released after a few weeks, "around a quarter did not survive this ordeal ".

Some of the former MPs killed in what is now Lower Saxony were "struck down in the street with weapons, fell out of the window, hanged from a tree or killed in a concentration camp".

Data of the named victims

In the order of their surnames, the memorial plaque names a total of 35 MPs with their dates of birth and death as well as their respective party affiliation: 24 former parliamentarians were most recently members of the SPD, seven of the KPD and four of the bourgeois parties German Democratic Party (DDP), German Center Party (Center ) and German People's Party (DVP).

15 former MPs were members of the Braunschweig Landtag , 9 of the Oldenburg Landtag and 10 of the Hanover Provincial Landtag . The Social Democratic MP Hermann Tempel represented the Weser-Ems constituency in the Reichstag . Five people died by suicide.

Surname Date of birth date of death Place of death Political party houses of Parliament comment image
Basse, Hermann 1882-08-24 1933-07-01 Braunschweig SPD Braunschweig State Parliament, 1920–1922
Brennecke, Otto 1882-20-29 1936-10-03 Hanover SPD Hannover Provincial Parliament, 1929–1932
Brodek, Paul 1884-10-16 1942-09-05 Bremen SPD Oldenburg State Parliament, 1923–1931
Domke, Ernst 1882-03-21 1945-04-14 Bergen-Belsen concentration camp KPD Braunschweig State Parliament, 1918–1920
Drabent, Leo 1899-06-15 1944-11-20 Brandenburg prison KPD Hannover Provincial Parliament, 1933
Hurry up, Johann 1894-05-06 1945-02-04 Neuengamme concentration camp KPD Oldenburg State Parliament, 1931–1932
Erdmann, Henri 1878-02-19 1937-06-10 Braunschweig SPD Braunschweig State Parliament, 1918–1930
Fuck, Karl 1881-12-03 1945-05-03 Neustadt Bay SPD Oldenburg State Parliament, 1922–1933
Frerichs, Friedrich 1882-01-04 1945-05-03 Probably in the Bay of Lübeck SPD Oldenburg State Parliament, 1920–1933
Frommhold, Martin 1880-06-20 1933-04-10 Hanover DDP Hannover Provincial Parliament, 1915–1929 suicide
Gerdes, Johann 1896-04-14 1933-03-05 Oldenburg KPD Oldenburg State Parliament, 1932–1933
Gmeiner, Paul 1892-08-26 1944-04-18 Sachsenhausen concentration camp , Heinkel external command KPD Braunschweig State Parliament, 1924–1933
Graeger, Friedrich 1875-07-09 1933-07-16 Oldenburg SPD Oldenburg State Parliament, 1933
Henke, Hugo 1888-06-09 1945-05-03 Neustadt Bay KPD Oldenburg State Parliament, 1932–1933
Jasper, Heinrich 1875-08-21 1945-02-19 Bergen-Belsen concentration camp SPD Braunschweig State Parliament, 1918–1933
Heinrich Jasper
Kanter, Hugo 1871-09-27 1938 Berlin DVP Braunschweig State Parliament, 1918–1919
Chancellor, Oswald 1883-04-18 1944-09-16 Gestapo prison in Fuhlsbüttel SPD Hannover Provincial Parliament, 1929–1933
Löhr, Rudolf 1885-11-23 1945 (spring) Bergen-Belsen concentration camp USPD, SPD Braunschweig State Parliament, 1922–1930
Meier, Paul 1880-07-25 1933-03-15 Wunstorf SPD Hannover Provincial Parliament, 1921–1925
Mey, Kurt 1878-08-20 1944-10-24 Neuengamme concentration camp SPD Hannover Provincial Parliament, 1921–1929
Meyer, Julius 1875-11-16 1934-05-31 Oldenburg SPD Oldenburg State Parliament, 1908–1919, 1923–1932 suicide
Niedergesäß, Heinrich 1883-03-25 1945-05-03 Neustadt Bay SPD Hannover Provincial Parliament, 1929–1932
Peix, Karl 1899-03-27 1941-11-11 Buchenwald concentration camp , Goslar external command KPD Hannover Provincial Parliament, 1931–1933
Regensburg, Norbert 1886-05-25 1933-04-26 Braunschweig DDP Braunschweig Landtag, 1919–1924, 1925–1926
Reupke, Wilhelm 1877-07-06 1933-04-09 Vienenburg USPD Braunschweig State Parliament, 1919–1920 from 1922 member of the SPD
Rieke, Kuno 1897-07-15 1945-03-02 Dachau concentration camp SPD Braunschweig State Parliament, 1924–1932
Memorial plaque for Kuno Rieke on the Catholic cemetery in Braunschweig
Schopmeyer, Bernhard 1900-09-02 1945-06-23 Osnabrück center Hannover Provincial Parliament, 1933
Schulz, Julius 1876-10-12 1944-12-28 Sachsenhausen concentration camp USPD, SPD Braunschweig State Parliament, 1922–1933
Siems, Heinrich 1877-12-24 1945 (spring) Bergen-Belsen concentration camp SPD Braunschweig State Parliament, 1920–1933
Sporleder, Wilhelm 1874-12-28 1945-01-24 Hanover SPD Hanover Provincial Parliament, 1919–1920, 1921–1932, 1933 In 1955 the Sporlederweg was laid out in Linden-Süd
Steinbrecher, Gustav 1876-02-03 1940-01-30 Mauthausen concentration camp SPD Braunschweig State Parliament, 1918–1933
Temple, Hermann 1889-11-29 1944-11-27 Oldenburg SPD Reichstag, 1925–1933 as representative of the constituency of Weser-Ems
Thielemann, Otto 1891-01-12 1938-03-07 Dachau concentration camp SPD Braunschweig State Parliament, 1924–1933
Wagner, Heinrich 1886-02-01 1945-02-26 Bergen-Belsen concentration camp KPD Oldenburg State Parliament, 1931–1932
Wiese, Wilhelm 1891-06-05 1945-03-17 Neuengamme concentration camp SPD Hannover Provincial Parliament, 1929–1932

literature

  • Beatrix Herlemann : memorial plaque "The victims of National Socialism among the parliamentarians from Lower Saxony areas". The victims' biographies. The President of the Lower Saxony State Parliament, Hanover 2007, p. 5.
  • NN : memorial plaque / "The victims of National Socialism among the parliamentarians from Lower Saxony areas" / State history in the state parliament , handout ed. President of the Lower Saxony State Parliament [o. O., o. D., Hannover: 2007?], Downloadable as a PDF document
  • Beatrix Herlemann, Helga Schatz: Biographical Lexicon of Lower Saxony Parliamentarians 1919–1945 (= publications of the Historical Commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen. Volume 222). Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2004, ISBN 3-7752-6022-6 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Karljosef Kreter (contact person): memorial plaque ... (see section web links )
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o N.N .: memorial plaque ... (see literature )
  3. ↑ a b Compare one of the photos on the plaque
  4. ↑ a b Frerichs, Friedrich (Fritz) Boiken In: Hans Friedl u. a. (Ed.): Biographical manual for the history of the state of Oldenburg . Edited on behalf of the Oldenburg landscape. Isensee, Oldenburg 1992, ISBN 3-89442-135-5 , pp. 208-209 ( online ).
  5. ^ A b Klaus Mlynek : FROMMHOLD, Martin. In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 124; online through google books
  6. ↑ a b c Wolfgang Günther: Meyer, Julius. In: Hans Friedl u. a. (Ed.): Biographical manual for the history of the state of Oldenburg. Edited on behalf of the Oldenburg landscape. Isensee, Oldenburg 1992, ISBN 3-89442-135-5 , pp. 457-458 ( online ).
  7. ↑ Compare the inscription on the memorial plaque for Kuno Rieke in the Catholic cemetery in Braunschweig
  8. ↑ Helmut Zimmermann : Sporlederweg , in the same: The street names of the state capital Hanover , Verlag Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hanover 1992, ISBN 3-7752-6120-6 , p. 233

Coordinates: 52 ° 22 ′ 12.5 ″  N , 9 ° 44 ′ 0.2 ″  E