Hermannshöhle (Harz)
| Hermannshöhle
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 Calcareous sinter in the back of the cave |
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| Location: | Saxony-Anhalt , Germany | |
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Geographic location: |
51 ° 45 '17 " N , 10 ° 50' 50" E | |
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| Discovery: | 1866 | |
| Average annual number of visitors: | 73,600 2011–2015 | |
| Current visitors: | 66,418 (2015) | |
| Website: | official page | |
The Hermannshöhle is next to the Baumannshöhle a show cave in Rübeland near Wernigerode . Germany's only grotto olms ( Proteus anguinus ) live in the Hermannshöhle .
description
The cave was formed in Devon - lime of Elbingeröder complex in connection with the construction of the Bode valley . It was discovered on June 28, 1866 by the Neuwerk-born road supervisor Wilhelm Angerstein (nickname: Sechserding) while clearing rubble and debris on the mountain side of Hasselfelder Straße.
Other sources and contemporary witnesses consider the then very slim Rübeländer Fritz Sorge as the first to climb the narrow access to be the real discoverer.
The exposed entrance was already provided with a door the following day. On May 1, 1890, the cave was opened to visitors.
Due to its early closure, the rich stalactite jewelry has largely been preserved. The cave became famous, among other things, because of the numerous bone finds of the cave bear . The cave was extensively researched by JH Klooss, Robert Nehring (1888) and Friedrich Stolberg (1932). In ongoing research since 1970, many previously unknown cavities were discovered and measured.
Olm population
The Hermannshöhle is known for its grotto olms . 5 specimens from Istria were taken from there in 1932 at the instigation of the Rübeland cave director Berhard Lange and the geologist Dr. Walter Biese relocated to Rübeland. For demonstration purposes, they were exposed in an artificial cave water ("Olmensee"), which has a depth of around 80 centimeters and a permanent water temperature of 7 ° C.
The animals came from the Adelsberg Grotto in Postojna, Slovenia .
In 1956 the speleologist couple Wolfgang and Ingeburg Reichel from Rübeland received a further 13 cave olms in the Adelsberger Grotte / Postojnska Jama of Slovenia and transported them to Rübeland, there initially to a small quarantine station. In January 1957 they were released to join the three grotto olms that were still in existence at the time in the Olmensee.
In 1978 a breeding tank was built and on the occasion it was found that the Olmen that could be found were all males. In 1985, 13 males were caught during a clean-up of Lake Olmen, all of which are believed to have come from the 1956 import.
In January 2015, the French grotto olm expert Olivier Guillaume carried out another sex determination of the animals. Of the 9 animals found, 5 were identified as pregnant females. In 2020, 3 males were discovered in a population of 7 specimens and 4 fertilized eggs in one of the 4 females in the fallopian tube.
See also
literature
- Hans Binder, Anke Luz, Hans Martin Luz: Show caves in Germany . Aegis, Ulm 1993, ISBN 3-87005-040-3 , pp. 20-21 .
- Uwe Fricke, Friedhart Knolle : The Rübeland stalactite caves . Studio Volker Schadach, Goslar 1999, ISBN 3-928728-42-3 .
- Fritz Reinboth: On the history of the discovery of the Hermannshöhle in Rübeland in the light of the original documents up to 1888 . In: Announcements of the Association of German Cave and Karst Researchers eV 62 . No. 1 , 2016, p. 36-46 .
- Thomas Weber : Rübeland . In: Joachim Herrmann (Hrsg.): Archeology in the German Democratic Republic . Monuments and finds. tape 2 . Uraniaverlag, Leipzig / Jena / Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-8062-0531-0 , p. 363-365 .
photos
Entrance building and pedestrian bridge (2018)
Stalactite formation
Crystal chamber
Bear cemetery
Fairytale grotto
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Ingeburg Kopp: Personal writings as well as essays in the journal DER HÖHLENFORSCHER, Dresden . Ed .: Roland H. Winkelhöfer. tape 2002-2017 . The cave explorer, ISSN 0138-2519 .
- ↑ Wolf-Rüdiger Grosse: Grottenolm - Proteus anguinus Laurenti, 1768. P. 191–193 in: Frank Meyer et al. (Ed.): The amphibians and reptiles of Saxony-Anhalt. Laurenti-Verlag, Bielefeld 2004. ISBN 3-933066-17-4
- ↑ Anne Ipsen, Friedhart Knolle : News from the Grotto Olmen of the Hermannshöhle - also female animals detected (= communications of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Karstkunde Harz . No. 3 + 4 ). November 2015 ( [1] [accessed July 28, 2020]).
- ↑ Hope again for young olms in the stalactite cave. rtl.de, June 6, 2020, accessed June 12, 2020 .