Schellenberger ice cave

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Schellenberger ice cave

Entrance area of ​​the ice cave (Josef-Ritter-von-Angermayer-Halle)

Entrance area of ​​the ice cave
(Josef-Ritter-von-Angermayer-Halle)
Location: Alps , Germany
Height : 1570  m above sea level NN
Geographic
location: 		47 ° 42 '48 "  N , 13 ° 0' 16"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 42 '48 "  N , 13 ° 0' 16"  E
Schellenberger Ice Cave (Bavaria)
Schellenberger ice cave
Cadastral number: 1339/26
Type: Ice cave
Discovery: 1826 (first written mention)
Show cave since: 1925
Lighting: Carbide lamp
Overall length: 3621 meters
Level difference: 55 meters in the show cave area
Length of the show
cave area: 		500 meters
Average annual number of visitors: 7300  (2009-2013)
Current visitors: 7471 (2013)
Particularities: The only ice show cave in Germany
Website: official page

The Schellenberger Ice Cave is a natural karst cave in the community-free area Schellenberger Forst near Marktschellenberg in the district of Berchtesgadener Land in Upper Bavaria .

The cave is as Geotop designated ice cave in the Bavarian Alps , near the Austrian border . The ice cave belongs to the Untersberg massif at 1570  m and is the only developed ice cave in Germany. It is named after Marktschellenberg, but is located in the community-free area Schellenberger Forst . It was first mentioned in writing in 1826 and researched from 1874 onwards. It has an estimated ice volume of around 60,000 cubic meters and has been a show cave since 1925 . The explored length of the ice cave is 3621 meters, 500 meters of which are walked on as part of a guided tour at temperatures between −0.5 and +1.0  degrees Celsius . The ice cave can only be reached after a walk of several hours and as one of two show caves in Germany without electrical light. It is illuminated with carbide lamps that visitors bring with them. The ice in the cave, which is partly re-formed in spring, is not inferior to a stalactite cave in terms of the wealth of shapes of the sinter formations , such as stalactites and stalagmites . In addition, hoarfrost formations are possible.

Geographical location

The ice cave is located in the Dachstein limestone of the Untersberg massif on its southwestern cliff. It lies within the mountain range between the Salzburger Hochthron ( 1853  m ) in the north and the Rauheck ( 1892  m ) in the southwest in the Bavarian district of Berchtesgadener Land near the Austrian border. The valley town of Marktschellenberg is about 3.5 km as the crow flies in the southeast. The entrance to the ice cave is on the Großer Heubergkopf ( 1819  m ) at an altitude of 1570 meters. The Toni-Lenz Hut ( 1450  m ) is located about 440 m (air line) northeast of the Schellenberger Ice Cave , from which the cave can be reached via a path. About 800 m away is the entrance to another cave, the giant thing shaft cave .

geology

Emergence

The Untersberg massif in the northern limestone Alps is part of the Berchtesgaden Alps , a limestone mountain range made up of several layers. The ice cave is embedded in the limestone stratification inclined at about 60 degrees to the north-northwest . It was created by faults in the rock. Movements such as raising and lowering the layers or shifting them resulted in fractures and fissures . The show cave part of the ice cave is on the fault lines. Infiltrated carbonated water could expand to large cavities fractures, fissures and crevices. In addition, unstable ceilings and walls collapsed, so that the ice cave was formed over the course of thousands of years.

geography

Ice waterfall

In contrast to the dynamically weathered giant ice world in the Austrian Tennengebirge with the entrance at the lower end of the cave system, the Schellenberger ice cave is a statically ventilated ice cave leading into the depths. Below the cave entrance at 1570  m there are large cavities. In the cold season of the year, heavier cold air flows into the sack cavity on the ground, which is stored there. The ice cave is hermetically sealed at the bottom. The cold air prevents the warmer outside air from entering the cave rooms in summer. The cave is therefore an ice cellar type that can be found at all altitudes. However, permanent formation of cave ice only occurs if the temperature inside the cave falls below 0 ° C while the snow is melting. If the cave is at a greater height, the ground is constantly frozen, or the rock constantly has temperatures below 0 ° C, so that no ice-forming seepage water can penetrate. Due to the type of cave, there is a draft in both directions in the main corridors in winter. The cold air flows downwards and the slightly warmer air on the ceiling is pushed upwards towards the exit of the cave. In summer there is only minimal temperature compensation inside the ice cave. When entering or leaving the ice cave, a cold air boundary is noticeable in the upper part of the entrance.

Footpath in the ice of the entrance hall

The ice in the Schellenberger Ice Cave is so thick that it survives the summer melting phase, when the cave temperatures are sometimes above 0 ° C. The cave ice begins to grow in autumn due to the noticeable drop in temperatures inside the ice cave after the first night frosts. In winter, growth is interrupted as frost and snow cause almost all of the tributaries to dry up. The main ice formation begins in February and March and lasts through the whole of spring with progressive warming and snowmelt. If temperatures continue to rise in summer, the growth of the ice in many parts of the ice cave comes to a standstill. In lower parts of the cave, such as the Fugger Hall , the lowest point of the show cave 55 meters below the cave entrance, the ice can also be observed to grow in summer. Ice formations in the rooms near the entrance do not always last through the summer, but melt away completely. The ice masses are estimated at around 60,000 cubic meters, with a thickness of up to 30 meters. In terms of ice volume, the ice cave is one of the largest of its kind in the world. It contains about twice as much ice as the Austrian giant ice world and the giant ice cave .

The oldest documented ice sections are in the Fugger Hall . Hans Schmeidl from Bernau am Chiemsee and Friedrich Kral from the Waldbauinstitut für Bodenkultur in Vienna carried out age determinations there. Based on the pollen stored in the layers of dirt , the age of the ice was estimated to be around 3000 years with the help of pollen analysis . Fritz Eigert's temperature measurements in the Josef-Ritter-von-Angermayer-Halle 21 meters below the entrance threshold over several years showed fluctuations between −8.8 and +0.5 degrees Celsius over the course of a year. In the Fugger Hall , at a depth of 55 meters, the values ​​are between −4 and +1.5 degrees Celsius. In summer the temperatures in the cave's visible part are between −0.5 and +1 degrees Celsius.

description

Guided tour of the ice cave (1993)

The ice cave is listed by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment as one of 3100 geotopes with the number 172H001 and classified as particularly valuable . The cave entrance is an entrance portal about 20 meters wide and up to 4 meters high. This is where the cave tour begins. A snow-covered scree slope runs down, where a path has been worked, on to the floor ice of the Josef-Ritter-von-Angermayer-Halle , which is the largest room in the cave that still receives subdued light from the outside. The hall is 70 meters long, 40 meters wide and 5 to 8 meters high. It is located 21 meters below the cave entrance and has an ice thickness of about 30 meters. In the hall, carbide lamps are distributed to the visitors to illuminate the cave. On the vaulted ceiling you can see a large erosion funnel into which many small, mostly circular erosion passages flow. Water trickles out of them and forms ice figures.

Ice with annual layers

Several corridors lead from the Josef-Ritter-von-Angermayer-Halle , which are not used on a regular cave tour. On the back wall, accessible via a climbing tree, a corridor leads to the jackdaw cemetery , where numerous bird bones, including jackdaws, were found. The jackdaw cemetery extends over two floors to a total of 80 meters above the floor of the Josef-Ritter-von-Angermayer-Halle . It is believed that the birds chose this dark and quiet space to die. This behavior is known in many animal species. On the ceiling you can see a chimney that is connected to the jackdaw cemetery . A wooden staircase leads down over the first icefall with the so-called ice organ and then on through the Posseltgang . There the opening of a slipway becomes visible on the left, the walls of which are covered with hoarfrost. However, the hoarfrost is not observed as part of a guided tour. It is around 30 meters long, can only be negotiated by sliding or in a stooped position, and ends at several deep water points. The second icefall takes you further down. The cave guide illuminates the ice falls with a magnesium torch. After lunch we continue at the waterhole over. At the beginning of the 20th century there was a deep water basin, which was partially drained for the cave inspection. At this point you can clearly see on an ice wall how the ice has grown layer by layer. The path continues downhill, and in the light of the guide's magnesium torches, many ice crystals glitter white and greenish-blue on the walls and ceiling. Another staircase leads down to the lowest accessible point as part of a guided tour, to the Fugger Hall . There you are 55 meters below the entrance. The height difference within the ice is 34 meters.

Ice formation with an ingrown ladder

The Fugger Hall is 16 meters long, 12 meters wide and 15 meters high at the highest point. The bottom ice is still 12 meters thick there. A pollen analysis showed an age of about 3000 years. In the rear part of the Fugger Hall leads Lehmgang which is not committed steeply upward. He ends up falling after about 30 meters. As an extension of the clay corridor , the Thomas-Eder-Schacht leads down to the Max-Gadringer-Raum . Both were made accessible when the ice broke through. The cave guide used to light the ground ice from below with magnesium torches so that it was visible from the Fugger Hall . Due to the rest period during the Second World War, the passage was again completely closed by ice. When it was determined after reopening in 1958 that there was no possibility of further exploration, it was closed again with ice; it is therefore currently not accessible. From the Fuggerhalle it goes up again, first past the fourth icefall, then along an ice wall on the right-hand side. This impresses with its purity and clarity. There you can look deep into the ice block. Then the path leads to the Mörkdom with a size of 9.5 by 7.5 meters. In the Mörkdom there are the ice formations of the altar , pulpit and confessional . The ice shows up there in various forms and delicate structures. From the Mörkdom you go through an artificial tunnel, the Zuhra-Willi-Gang , back up to the Josef-Ritter-von-Angermayer-Halle . There you can see the entrance to the 15 meter long spiral corridor , which goes up like a spiral staircase. Next to the entrance to the spiral passage is the entrance to the labyrinth , an ice-free cave system that is not open to visitors. Finally you come to the cave fairy , a stone figure that looks like a woman. She stands in a chasm near the entrance to the labyrinth . The tour ends there.

history

discovery

It is not known exactly when and by whom the cave was discovered. The cave entrance had long been known to the hunters and dairymen at these altitudes. According to the story, she was discovered by herding boys . Alpine farming used to be practiced on the Untersberg . The three former alpine pastures Bachkaser, Mitterkaser and Sandkaser, which you pass when climbing from Schellenberg to the ice cave, bear witness to this . After the snow had largely melted in early summer, sheep and goats were driven to the alpine pastures above the Sandkasers, where they were left to their own devices until autumn. Shepherd boys would go upstairs from time to time to lay salt stones and look after the animals. On a hot summer's day, sometime in June or July, the herding boys would go upstairs to see if everything was going well. However, nothing of the animals could be seen. While searching, the boys found the cave entrance after a while, where some animals were in the snow. The herding boys descended into the cave where the rest of the herd were.

exploration

The first written mention was the entry as Schellenberger Eisloch in the Bavarian General Staff Map in 1826. Another reference to the cave is its mention as Eisloch in 1863 in the Keil's map of Untersberg. On October 5, 1874, the then 20-year-old Anton Posselt-Czorich (1854–1911) from Salzburg and mountain guide Ebner were the first to enter the ice cave. In the period that followed, Posselt made several visits and in 1879 advanced to the third icefall . He could see the Fugger Hall; but he never succeeded in entering it. He wrote several reports about the ice cave in the Salzburger Zeitung and for the first time on October 14, 1874 in the magazine of the German and Austrian Alpine Club. They aroused great interest in the ice hole, which from then on was frequently visited by tourists.

Josef-Ritter-von-Angermayer-Halle

In 1876, the Austrian naturalist Eberhard Fugger, also accompanied by the mountain guide Ebner, was the next to begin exploring the ice cave. During one of his advances he also saw the hall that was later named after him, but was never able to enter it either. After his first cave tour, he visited the ice cave ten more times and studied the ice formation intensively. He undertook the investigations between 1876 and 1882 together with Professor Kastner. Among other things, they carried out numerous ice level measurements. Fugger also made the first cave plan. In 1874 and 1878 there were a number of publications about the ice cave. From 1879 one dealt with the systematic research. The Salzburg Alpine Club section laid out two paths to the ice cave to make it more accessible. One led over the Kienbergalm and the Mitterkaser to the Sandkaser and then to the ice cave, the other over the Schellenberger Sattel.

In 1880 Anton Posselt-Czorich reported about the ice cave in the magazine of the German and Austrian Alpine Club :

“A very interesting cave on Untersberg is the so-called. Schellenberger ice cave, at the foot of the walls rising towards the Mittagsscharte, to which attention was first drawn by a report I published in the 'Salzburger Zeitung' in 1874. […] But no sooner had we taken a few steps than, completely unexpectedly, we saw a dark throat on our right; a moderately steeply sloping snowfield led down. With joyful excitement we descended over it; but a lake filling the cave seemed to set barriers to further advance. But when we got closer, what we thought was clear water turned out to be a glorious, shiny mirror of ice; to the left a mighty ice pyramid towered up, while the rear wall of the cave was adorned with several dazzling ice pilasters, suddenly like frozen falls of veil. The main cave showed the basic shape of an irregular ellipse, the longitudinal axis of which was SW. to NO. stroking 60, the latitudinal axis is 40 m. The height changes between 5 and 10 m; in two places, however, much higher, conical cave rooms rose vertically from the ceiling. Another three cave rooms open out on the right; a 1 1/2 m high, just as wide corridor, which led up in regular turns like a spiral staircase inside the mountain and finally ended in a vertical chimney. [...] "

- A (nton) Posselt-Czorich : Cave hikes in the Salzburg Limestone Mountains. Second episode. (...) A very interesting cave on Untersberg is the so-called Schellenberger Ice Cave (...). In:  Journal of the German and Austrian Alpine Association , year 1880, (Volume XI), pp. 260–263. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / oav.

During the exploration of the ice cave there was a short-term standstill due to difficult places. The most important parts of the cave had been explored; The experts agreed that no more could be found. Decades passed before the lower, difficult-to-reach cave sections could be entered for the first time. Another young cave explorer followed with Alexander Mörk von Mörkenstein from Salzburg. From his parents' house he had sufficient financial means to carry out research in the ice cave as a 22-year-old. He first visited the ice cave a few times in May 1910, but did not advance any further. On October 1, 1910, he and his friend Martin Hell climbed a rope ladder from the large entrance hall 15 meters down. They discovered and entered the lower halls and corridors as named after the young researchers Mörkdom and another hall which he in honor of Eberhard Fugger Fugger Hall called. He also made a new plan of the cave that has been preserved. Walter von Czoernig-Czernhausen joined the team for the first time in July 1913 . He also dealt intensively with the ice cave and supplemented or renewed the existing cave plans.

Ground ice formation

During the First World War and afterwards it was rather quiet regarding further exploration of the ice cave. It was not until 1923 that some Schellenbergers came together under the leadership of the businessman Thomas Eder. Eder founded the Schellenberg Ski Club with seven Schellenbergers on February 20, 1924 and became its first chairman. He conducted many investigations in the ice cave with friends and the founding members. All previously known cave sections and passages were explored and many were measured. They also discovered and explored new parts of the cave. Thomas Eder, Max Gadringer and Anton Lenz discovered the on October 23, 1924 Thomas Schacht and his Max Gadringer room after the breakthrough of the eight-meter-thick ice in the soil Fugger Hall and ten hours of hard work. The large hall was on April 25, 1925 in honor of the late 1924 founding member of the company founded on September 22, 1922 Main Association of German speleologists , Joseph Knight of-Angermayer hall called. On July 26, 1925, Georg Deml discovered and explored the Demlgang, which was named after him .

Show cave

Ice cream in the entrance hall

Eder was strongly committed to promoting research in the ice cave. He was so taken with the ice cave that he really wanted to open it to the public. As chairman of the Salzburg Ski Club, he turned to the Bischofswiesen Forestry Office responsible for the cave, which replied on May 4, 1925:

"With the approval of the government on April 17, 1925, the Schellenberg Ski Club was granted permission to explore the so-called Schellenberg Ice Cave and make it accessible to regular tourist traffic."

- Thomas Eder : 1925.

14 days after approval, the ski club transferred this right to its subdivision, the Speleology Association . Eder was given the opportunity to expand the ice cave as a show cave. The expansion was largely done on a voluntary basis. On August 2, 1925, after the development work, the ice cave was officially opened. On this occasion, the Linzer Tages-Post wrote :

“It is the most beautiful and largest developed ice cave in Germany. It has magnificent ice grottos and ice falls in its halls and corridors. The sight of the 15 m high ice grotto in Mörkdom is overwhelming. The visitor is completely under the spell of the subterranean splendor "

- Linzer Tages-Post : 1925.
Ice stalagmite

In the first year, the ice cave was visited by 2,000 visitors, with an entrance fee including a tour of 1.80 marks, for locals from the Berchtesgadener Land of 1.20 marks. The Association for Speleology received a room in the Mitterkaser hunting lodge from the Bischofswiesen Forestry Office, which also served as the overnight stay for the cave guides. With the research in the ice cave things got quieter in the years before the Second World War. In the Third Reich there was little time for further research and scientific work. In order to make the ice cave more accessible, a rock climbing path was built in 1934 and 1935 under the direction of Thomas Eder, which was called Thomas-Eder-Steig . It leads from the Mittagscharte via stairs and three tunnels down to the ice cave, with a height difference of 130 meters being overcome. In 1936 the Schellenberg Speleological Association built a refuge 120 meters below the ice cave as a new base. The hut hosted Toni Lenz for a long time. In 1950 it was named Toni-Lenz-Hütte in his honor . After the Second World War, research in the ice cave started slowly, but lagged behind the general development of cave research.

Until the end of the 1950s, Ludwig Plenk, and later the cave guide Fritz Eigert from 1957 to 1986, pushed ahead with the research. The ice cave was explored down to the last corner, the ice-free parts were searched for further continuations and the jackdaw cemetery and the chimney labyrinth were discovered. After about 20 years, the research started again, mainly by the Hallinger brothers, long-term hut and cave wardens of the association. A group of young researchers formed around them and managed to uncover shaft descents in the new parts . At that time the ice cave had a total length of 650 meters. In 1986, 440 meters of track in the ice cave were re-explored and measured. The total length of the ice cave was increased to 2,353 meters from 1987 to 1991. In 1998 research intensified again under the direction of Martin Wagner. In autumn 1999, a total of 2642 meters were measured in the ice cave, and in July 2003 3621 meters.

Myths and legends

There are several caves and cavities in the Untersberg. They have always encouraged people to explore, but mostly superstition and fear of caves predominated. Numerous legends and sagas emerged, but they do not specifically relate to the Schellenberger ice cave. In addition to the Kyffhäuser , the Untersberg is the actual legend mountain of the German people, which included the Carolingian legends in the northwest: “Emperor Karl the Great , guarded by the ravens in Untersberg, sits at a marble table and sleeps until his white beard kicks seven times the table has grown, only to wake up and then join forces with all the Germans in a three-day battle near a pear tree on the Austrian Walserfeld (near Salzburg) to destroy the hereditary enemy and to build a new empire. "

A citizen of Reichenhall by the name of Lazarus Aigner was led into the mountain by a barefoot monk in 1529, where he saw emperors, kings and princes and reached the Salzburg Cathedral through underground passages . When he was escorted out of the mountain again, he was instructed not to speak and write about what he had experienced for 35 years. Hours spent inside the mountain correspond to decades or even centuries in the outside world. A bride is said to have been lured into the mountain with the wedding guests, where they were lavishly entertained and then fell asleep. When they woke up, left the mountain and returned to their home village, a hundred years are said to have passed. In the interior of the mountain, friendly little critters, the Untersbergmandln , should live and guard the treasures stored there.

tourism

Access

Thomas-Eder-Steig

The ice cave can only be reached after several hours of walking. There is a visitor parking lot at the old customs tower, the former Bavarian customs office on federal highway 305 between Berchtesgaden and Salzburg , about two kilometers north of Marktschellenberg and one kilometer from the Austrian border at about 490  m . There the ascent begins on a well-developed path to the ice cave. After about 2.5 hours walking on is 1450  m preferred Toni-Lenz-hut achieved. From the hut it's about a 20-minute walk to the ice cave. From the parking lot to the ice cave, you have to cover more than 1000 meters in altitude over a distance of about six kilometers, which takes three to three and a half hours. Another way to reach the cave is with the Untersberg cable car from St. Leonhard in Austria. The cable car , built from 1958 to 1961, leads to the mountain station at Geiereck at 1776  m . From there it is about an hour and a half to walk to the ice cave. This mountain tour over the Salzburger Hochthron and the Thomas-Eder-Steig requires surefootedness, a head for heights, good physical condition and good equipment.

Visitors

Visitor footbridge over an ice lake

From Pentecost to the end of October, guided tours take place every hour on the hour between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. in the ice cave. They are carried out by the Schellenberg Speleological Association and take about 45 minutes. Since the ice cave has no electric light, it is illuminated with carbide lamps during the tour, which the cave visitors take with them. The guide way on walking boards and wooden stairs is about 500 meters long. In order to keep the ice cave accessible every year, around 800 to 1200 working hours are necessary in the spring. In the years 2009 to 2013, an annual average of 7,320 visitors visited the cave. With this value, the show cave is in the lower range of the show caves in Germany. In 2013, 7,471 people visited the cave. The highest value in recent years comes from 2001 with 10,445 people.

Source: Association for Speleology Schellenberg e. V.

See also

literature

  • Heinz Vonderthann: The Schellenberger Ice Cave 1339-26 - A tourist specialty of the Berchtesgadener Land . In: Association of German Cave and Karst Researchers (ed.): Yearbook Karst and Cave 2004/2005 . Munich 2005, p. 197-211 .
  • Fritz Eigert: The Schellenberger Ice Cave; 1925 - 60 years - 1985 . 1986.
  • Fritz Glück: The Schellenberger Ice Cave in Untersberg . Schellenberg Speleological Association, Schellenberg 1925.
  • Eberhard Fugger:  Observations in the ice caves of the Untersberg near Salzburg. In:  Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Salzburger Landeskunde , year 1888, (Volume XXVIII), pp. 65–164. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / slk.

Web links

Commons : Schellenberger Ice Cave  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Berchtesgaden Alps . In: Association of German Cave and Karst Researchers (ed.): Yearbook Karst and Cave 2004/2005 . Munich 2005, 1st layer.
  2. ↑ a b Berchtesgaden Alps . In: Association of German Cave and Karst Researchers (ed.): Yearbook Karst and Cave 2004/2005 . Munich 2005, 4.2 The Untersberg.
  3. ↑ Fritz Eigert: The Schellenberger ice cave; 1925 - 60 years - 1985 . 1986, p. 9 .
  4. ↑ a b Fritz Eigert: The Schellenberger Ice Cave; 1925 - 60 years - 1985 . 1986, p. 10 .
  5. ↑ Fritz Eigert: The Schellenberger ice cave; 1925 - 60 years - 1985 . 1986, p. 10-11 .
  6. ↑ a b c Fritz Eigert: The Schellenberger Ice Cave; 1925 - 60 years - 1985 . 1986, p. 11 .
  7. ↑ a b c d Fritz Eigert: The Schellenberger ice cave; 1925 - 60 years - 1985 . 1986, p. 12 .
  8. ↑ a b c Fritz Eigert: The Schellenberger Ice Cave; 1925 - 60 years - 1985 . 1986, p. 15 .
  9. ↑ a b Kurt Thaler: Analysis of the temperature conditions in the Eisriesenwelt cave in the Tennengebirge using a 12-year series of measurements. October 2008, p. 2 , accessed on September 16, 2010 (pdf file: 6.2 MB).
  10. ↑ a b Berchtesgaden Alps . In: Association of German Cave and Karst Researchers (ed.): Yearbook Karst and Cave 2004/2005 . Munich 2005, 6. A guided tour through the Schellenberger ice cave.
  11. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Berchtesgaden Alps . In: Association of German Cave and Karst Researchers (ed.): Yearbook Karst and Cave 2004/2005 . Munich 2005, 8. Current state of research.
  12. ↑ Schellenberger Ice Cave. In: Geotope Register Bavaria. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, February 13, 2007, accessed on August 3, 2015 (pdf file).
  13. ↑ Fritz Glück: The Schellenberger ice cave in the Untersberg . Association for Speleology Schellenberg, Schellenberg 1925, p. 35-36 .
  14. ↑ Fritz Glück: The Schellenberger ice cave in the Untersberg . Association for Speleology Schellenberg, Schellenberg 1925, p. 37 .
  15. ↑ Fritz Glück: The Schellenberger ice cave in the Untersberg . Association for Speleology Schellenberg, Schellenberg 1925, p. 36-37 .
  16. ↑ Fritz Eigert: The Schellenberger ice cave; 1925 - 60 years - 1985 . 1986, p. 18 .
  17. ↑ Berchtesgaden Alps . In: Association of German Cave and Karst Researchers (ed.): Yearbook Karst and Cave 2004/2005 . Munich 2005, 6. A guided tour through the Schellenberger Ice Cave, p. 208 .
  18. ↑ Fritz Glück: The Schellenberger ice cave in the Untersberg . Association for Speleology Schellenberg, Schellenberg 1925, p. 31 .
  19. ↑ a b c d Fritz Eigert: The Schellenberger ice cave; 1925 - 60 years - 1985 . 1986, p. 19 .
  20. ↑ a b Fritz Eigert: The Schellenberger Ice Cave; 1925 - 60 years - 1985 . 1986, p. 12-13 .
  21. ↑ Fritz Eigert: The Schellenberger ice cave; 1925 - 60 years - 1985 . 1986, p. 13 .
  22. ↑ Fritz Glück: The Schellenberger ice cave in the Untersberg . Association for Speleology Schellenberg, Schellenberg 1925, p. 19 .
  23. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Berchtesgaden Alps . In: Association of German Cave and Karst Researchers (ed.): Yearbook Karst and Cave 2004/2005 . Munich 2005, 3.1 Beginning of caving.
  24. ↑ Fritz Glück: The Schellenberger ice cave in the Untersberg . Association for Speleology Schellenberg, Schellenberg 1925, p. 19-21 .
  25. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Berchtesgaden Alps . In: Association of German Cave and Karst Researchers (ed.): Yearbook Karst and Cave 2004/2005 . Munich 2005, 3.2 Further research.
  26. ↑ Fritz Glück: The Schellenberger ice cave in the Untersberg . Association for Speleology Schellenberg, Schellenberg 1925, p. 36 .
  27. ↑ Fritz Glück: The Schellenberger ice cave in the Untersberg . Association for Speleology Schellenberg, Schellenberg 1925, p. 9 .
  28. ↑ Fritz Glück: The Schellenberger ice cave in the Untersberg . Association for Speleology Schellenberg, Schellenberg 1925, p. 12 .
  29. ↑ a b Fritz Eigert: The Schellenberger Ice Cave; 1925 - 60 years - 1985 . 1986, p. 14 .
  30. ↑ The history of the Toni Lenz Hut. Retrieved August 30, 2010 .
  31. ↑ a b c Berchtesgaden Alps . In: Association of German Cave and Karst Researchers (ed.): Yearbook Karst and Cave 2004/2005 . Munich 2005, 2. Sagas and Legends, p. 197-198 .
  32. ↑ a b c Berchtesgaden Alps . In: Association of German Cave and Karst Researchers (ed.): Yearbook Karst and Cave 2004/2005 . Munich 2005, 4.4 Ascent to the Schellenberger Ice Cave.
  33. ↑ The Schellenberger ice cave: Association for caving in Schellenberg e. V.
This article was added to the list of excellent articles on December 8, 2010 in this version .