Heinrichshöhle

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Heinrichshöhle

Stalactite formations

Stalactite formations

Location: SauerlandGermany
Geographic
location:
51 ° 22 '46 "  N , 7 ° 46' 26"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 22 '46 "  N , 7 ° 46' 26"  E
Heinrichshöhle (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Heinrichshöhle
Geology: Rhenish Slate Mountains
Type: Stalactite cave
Discovery: 1771 (first mention)
Show cave since: 1904
Lighting: electric (since 1905)
Overall length: 320 meters
( Perick cave system 3,500 meters)
Length of the show
cave area:
320 meters
Average annual number of visitors: 13,000 to 16,000
Current visitors: 13,380 (2014)
Website: official page

The Heinrichshöhle is a stalactite cave near Sundwig , a district of Hemer in the Märkisches Kreis in the north of the Sauerland in North Rhine-Westphalia . With a length of 320 meters, it is part of the Perick cave system with a total of 3.5 kilometers of passage length. It is accessible to visitors and was expanded as a show cave and electrically lit by the innkeeper Heinrich Meise between 1903 and 1905 . The Heinrichshöhle was first mentioned in a document in 1771 with an entry in a land map . In the Heinrichshöhle, numerous bone remains of various Ice Age mammals were found in the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century , making it one of the bones- richest Upper Pleistocene sites in Europe. These included several skeletons of cave bears , one of which is on display in the cave. The cave has a distinctive river cave profile with over 20 meter high crevices and fissures in the Central Devonian mass or coral limestone. It contains rich encrustations with various stalactite forms of stalagmites , stalactites , sinter flags and sinter terraces of different sizes. The show cave is operated by the Arbeitsgemeinschaft (ArGe) Höhle und Karst Sauerland / Hemer e. V. , which regularly offers guided tours.

Geographical location

The Heinrichshöhle is located on the southern slope of the approximately 300-meter-high Perick mountain near the road from Hemer to Deilinghofen and the Hönnetal . The entrance to the Heinrichshöhle is about 250 meters above sea level. To the south of the cave, directly on the road, there is a large parking lot at about 230 meters above sea ​​level . From there it is about 100 meters on foot up the Felsenmeerstraße , then left over a marked footpath of about 100 meters and a short flight of stairs to the cave. From the junction of the Felsenmeerstraße to the Heinrichshöhle it is about 250 meters up the Felsenmeerstraße to the Felsenmeer . The Felsenmeer Museum is located about 300 meters west of the cave entrance . The old cave is located about 300 meters northwest of the Heinrichshöhle . The Heinrichshöhle is surrounded by several other show caves. The Dechenhöhle is about nine kilometers to the west and the Reckenhöhle is six kilometers to the east.

geology

The Heinrichshöhle lies in the central Devonian mass limestone. The mass limestone range there is 35 kilometers long, one to two kilometers wide and sweeps in an east-west direction through the area of ​​Sundwig-Hemer. It runs right through the densely populated urban area. The Heinrichshöhle is one of around 1100 discovered and explored caves in the Sauerland. In the city of Hemer now about 90 caves are researched and documented, of which six have large caves a total path length of over 500 meters. With the exception of a few show caves, most can only be entered with special equipment.

Emergence

The mass limestone migratory emerged as a coral reef in the Devonian Age , around 380 to 400 million years ago. Various fossils can be seen on the walls of the Heinrichshöhle . Rock-forming layers were deposited on the sea floor for millions of years. At the end of the Tertiary in the transition to the Quaternary , the entire Rhenish Slate Mountains ( Eifel , Westerwald and Sauerland ) were raised, unfolded into a mountain range and later removed again. Then carbonated seepage water penetrated from the summit along layer joints and crevices deep into the mountain and widened them. The main drainage routes formed large accessible cavities. The cavities were drained by deepening the valley and the resulting lowering of the water table. About 20 meters below the Heinrichshöhlen level there are still water-filled passages. The gorge-like corridors are mainly linked to the clefts that stretch from northwest to southeast. After the drainage, various sinter formations formed . The dripping water that gets into the cavities releases carbonic acid into the air, whereby the lime is excreted and forms slowly growing dripstones. This karstification process is still ongoing and is controlled by the change between ice ages and warm ages . During the warm periods, the fissures for calcareous water are continuous and stalactites form, during the ice ages the process rests

The Prinzenhöhle around 1840 (template by Carl Schlickum )

Cave system

The Heinrichshöhle is part of the Perick cave system , the largest cave system in Hemer, which is located in the Perick mountain and includes several caves, some of which have been known since the 15th century. In the 1970s, individual connecting passages were discovered, which today form a common cave system with a total passage length of around 3500 meters. This makes the cave system one of the 30 longest caves in Germany. The largest cave in the Perick system is the old cave , also called Von-der-Becke cave or Great Sundwicher cave . With a length of about 2200 meters, it is the most important part of the cave system. The highest point of the entire cave system is located 35 meters above the entrance area. Another part of the system is the Heinrichshöhle , also known as the Kleine Sundwicher Höhle . The third and smallest is the Prince's Cave . It was discovered around 1812 during quarry work and was given its name in 1817 when the then Princes Friedrich Wilhelm and Wilhelm of Prussia visited the cave.

history

First reports

The Heinrichshöhle is surrounded by other caves and the sea ​​of ​​rocks . They belong to the district of Sundwig, which was formerly also called Sundwich . It is not known when the cave was discovered. The oldest evidence is that it was marked on a cadastral map from 1771. In the 19th century there were repeated written reports about the Sundwig cave or the Sundwig cave group . The Alte Höhle , the Prinzenhöhle , the Heinrichshöhle and the Süntecker Luak were already among the most famous caves in Westphalia at the beginning of 1800 . Numerous historical references attest to the outstanding importance of the caves in Perick Mountain for paleontologists and as an early tourist destination. Some of the visitors came because of the rich prehistoric bone finds in the sediments , others because of the diverse stalactite splendor. Most of the time it was the Great Sundwich Cave , also known as the Old Cave , and the Small Sundwich Cave or Heinrich Cave . The old cave , which was probably mentioned in a Lübeck chronicle as early as 1477, formerly had rich stalactite jewelry. From around 1780 to 1830, guided tours for visitors took place in an approximately 250-meter-long main corridor. After the abandonment after 1830, the cave was stripped of almost all of its stalactite jewelry by vandalism .

Paleontological site

Skeleton of the cave bear

An exchange of letters between Johann Friedrich Benzenberg and the French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1806 shows that a skull was found in the Sundwich cave 25 years earlier . Johann Benzenberg wrote "The skull was found about 25 years ago, and heard an iron fabric designers to Sundwich, Mr van der Becke, which has a large value relies on him." Whether it is at the said cavity around the Heinrichshöhle acted, is not secured. From 1812 it was reported that the iron manufacturer Heinrich van der Becke should have discovered the cave on his property. The cave was finally named after him. But since it was already marked on a map in 1771, it cannot have been a new discovery. Heinrich van der Backe was probably the first to examine the cave more closely and make it known. In 1823 the royal Prussian upper mountain ridge Johann Jacob Nöggerath , a mineralogist and geologist , reported in Das Gebirge in Rheinland-Westphalen about two caves near Sundwig based on mineralogical and chemical considerations . He wrote of two unknown skulls, which he determined to come from fossil wolverines . He wrote about the Heinrichshöhle:

“On the other hand, the smaller one, lying a little to the west [east - west is wrong] of this, the so-called Heinrichshöhle, has provided some valuable things of this kind, where two heads of an unknown animal, some jaws and teeth of several larger and smaller ruminating animals, leg bones of extraordinary belong to large animals and part of an antler. The occurrence of these bones is the same in both caves; they lie in the marl-like Latvian which fills the lower part of the cave, but does not spread over the entire floor of the cave, but only together in certain rooms. The places where they are found are often covered with very thick, often 20 "to 40" thick layers of calcareous sinter, which has sometimes also covered the bones themselves and connected them to one another. It is said to have been noticed that the bones have only been preserved where the Latvian is wet and damp, that is, at the relatively lower points, whereas in the dry Latvian none should be found in the same rooms; it is possible that they were gradually destroyed here. "

- Jakob Nöggerath : The mountains in Rhineland-Westphalia according to mineralogical and chemical references. 1823.
Bone finds

Johann Jacob Nöggerath also reported in 1823 that bear cuts could be observed at various points in the Old Cave . He wrote “that the sintered rock at narrow passages is completely worn, smooth and almost polished, probably from the frequent rubbing and penetration of the earlier animal inhabitants.” These bear cuts can still be found today in various places in the Perick cave system. A total of 18 complete skeletons of cave bears ( Ursus spelaeus ) were excavated in the cave, which the paleontologist and zoologist August Goldfuß also studied . From these remains several skeletons were put together, the first of which were given to museums in Germany and abroad such as London , Brussels and Berlin in 1827 . Hermann von Meyer , who is considered the founder of vertebrate paleontology in Germany, wrote in Paläologica in 1832 about the history of the earth and its creatures about the Heinrichshöhle:

“Big Sundwicher and small Heinrichshöhle. At Sundwich, two hours from Iserlohn, these caves are adjacent, from which bones have been extracted for about 25 years. The bones lie in a marbled Latvian that does not appear all over the floor, but only in certain rooms. The places where the bones are found, sometimes the bones themselves, are covered with stalagmites. The animals to which the bones belong are almost the same as in the Kirkdal cave, Ursus spelaeus of different ages, U. arctoideus, Hyaena spelaea, H. spelaea major, Gulu spelaeus, Cervus eurycerus, fallow deer ?, C. Elaphus fossilis, Sus priscus, Rhinoceros tichorhinus. The bones from the cave bear are the most common. No trace of the cave lion or the wolf was found. Several of these bones are gnawed, others are pathologically attacked. At narrow passageways in the cave the sinter-stripped rock is smooth and almost polished, perhaps from the frequent penetration of the earlier animal inhabitants. In the sinter of the cave there were imprints of butterfly wings. A dog tooth from the so-called Ursus cultridens from the Sundwicher cave is kept in the Darmstadt natural history cabinet, and de Christol's Ursus Pitorrii also appears in it. "

- Hermann von Meyer : Paläologica on the history of the earth and its creatures. 1832.

The geologist and mining scientist Bernhard von Cotta led the Heinrichshöhle in 1839 as a guide to study geology and geognosy. Especially for German foresters, farmers and technicians as one of the "most excellent caves in Germany" . In 1847 Johann Jacob Nöggerath wrote in The Origin and Formation of the Earth: Excellent again explained about the Heinrichshöhle with examples from Rhineland-Westphalia :

“The caves at Sundwig (the large cave and the Heinrich cave) have achieved the greatest reputation, as they are not only characterized by their very significant developments and the beautiful, magnificent stalactite formations they contain, but have also been studied in more detail for a number of decades and the sites of many primeval animals have become, namely cave bears and hyenas, especially their well-preserved skulls. "

- Jakob Nöggerath : The origin and formation of the earth: excellently explained by examples from Rhineland-Westphalia. 1847.

After this intense palaeontological interest in the caves in general and the Heinrichshöhle in particular, things got a little quieter from the second half of the 19th century. The front part of the Heinrichshöhle was used as a storage room and beer cellar.

Show cave

leaning Tower of Pisa

In 1903 the innkeeper Heinrich Meise from Sundwig bought the cave and immediately began to develop it as a show cave. In the process, bulky rocks were blown up and cave clay cleared from low passages. Railings were attached and a new cave entrance was created. In the evacuated clay were found thousands of bones and teeth of the Pleistocene fauna, including skeleton parts of Pleistocene mammals - from cave bear ( Ursus spelaeus ), steppe lions ( Panthera leo ) and cave hyena ( Crocuta crocuta spelaea ) as well as their large prey woolly rhinoceros ( Coelodonta antiquitatis ), wild horse ( Equus ferus ), red deer ( Cervus elaphus ), reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus ) and steppe wisent ( Bison priscus ). Several molars from the mammoth and numerous bones of the cave hyena were also found. From a total of 117 examined bones of the hyena of the Perick system, 18 young animals and 87 adult animals could be assigned. The rest could not be determined. 93 percent of the 117 bones show cracking , biting and gnawing marks. In addition, when the cave was opened up, several large bones of the woolly rhinoceros were found in addition to milk teeth, all of which show signs of browsing and various stages of use. Most of them were brought in by the hyena and eaten further. 17 percent of the woolly rhinos come from young and 83 percent from adult woolly rhinos.

Of the animals that used the cave as a refuge or sleeping place, some larger animals also served as prey. The bones embedded in the cave clay were well preserved under the constant climatic conditions in the cave. Most of the bones came to various museums in Berlin , Paris , London , Dresden , Münster and Bonn around 1905 . A smaller part is on display in the cave.

A 320 meter long network of corridors was created during the development work. On May 22, 1904, the cave was opened as a show cave and in 1905 electrical lighting was installed. This made the Heinrichshöhle one of the first show caves in Westphalia with electric light. The electricity came from its own generator, as there was no electricity supply in Sundwig. Parts of the 110 volt cables have been preserved. On May 8, 1905, the innkeeper Meise exhibited a composite bear skeleton that came from the cave for the first time in the hotel room below the cave at the intersection. Then it was set up in the cave as a display object.

Stalagmite and sintered terraces

In 1940 the cave got a new owner with Otto Lehnert and was closed because of the Second World War . Like many other caves in the Sauerland, it served as an air raid shelter . For a short time a hospital was set up in the bear hall. According to other sources, the cave was taken over by a new tenant in 1942, who improved the entrance and the paths. After the war, tours only took place sporadically because of the defective lighting system. In 1976 the city of Hemer leased the Heinrichshöhle and repaired it for visitors. A new lighting system with a 42-volt low-voltage line was installed. In the same year the cave was reopened as a show cave.

Members of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Höhle und Karst Sauerland / Hemer e. V. discovered new side passages with beautiful stalactite formations. In 1977 they managed to find connections between the individual caves on Perick Mountain. They discovered a connecting corridor that partly leads through lower floors that are temporarily under water. Further corridors lead through very narrow crevices in higher cave areas. From 1990 continuations were discovered, so that the Perick cave system continued to expand. It currently consists of the Alte Höhle , the Prinzenhöhle and the Heinrichshöhle .

Working group cave and karst

Floor stalactites

In 1998 the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Höhle und Karst Sauerland / Hemer eV took over the Heinrichshöhle, which they have looked after ever since. The working group founded the Speleological Information Center Hemer / Westphalia (HIZ) , which, in addition to the cave tours, carries out excursions and educational programs for groups. In 2000 the consortium installed new lighting and replaced the previous system with a few remains. The working group received financial support mainly from the North Rhine-Westphalia Foundation . Several hundred meters of cable, 60 halogen spotlights, 20 path lights and 15 floor spotlights were installed in 1500 hours of voluntary work. It was important to ensure that the cave visitors are not blinded, but that the stalactite formations and crevices are vividly illuminated.

Column hall in the right side aisle

From January to March 2002 the cave bear was restored in the Westphalian Museum of Natural History in Münster . Previously, the skeleton had been dismantled by employees of the museum in the cave into about 300 individual parts and transported in boxes to Münster, where the individual bones were cleaned over several weeks and soaked with a solution of synthetic resin and alcohol . This preparation made the bones water-repellent, break-proof and resilient. Missing pieces were replaced by cast plaster pieces. The bones were attached to a stainless steel frame in order to achieve a natural posture. For the skeleton, a new display case with double glazing was installed in the cave, equipped with halogen lighting and heated to reduce the humidity in order to keep the skeleton dry, protect it from fungal attack and prevent corrosion of the metal parts of the display case. After three and a half months of restoration with financial support from the North Rhine-Westphalia Foundation, the skeleton was placed in the showcase.

In 2006 the GeoPark Ruhrgebiet with the Heinrichshöhle was certified as a National GeoPark . In 2007 the taxidermist and exhibition designer Dieter Luksch from Munich made a true-to-original replica of a prehistoric and long-extinct cave hyena that was placed next to the cave bear. On the occasion of the North Rhine-Westphalian State Horticultural Show 2010 in Hemer , the Heinrichshöhle was renovated in 2009 under the direction of the Cave and Karst Working Group with the support of the Landesgartenschau GmbH both indoors and out. Energy-saving lighting was installed in the entrance area of ​​the cave , the railings in the cave from 1905 and the staircase on the cave path were renewed. The rotten wooden ticket booth was torn down and replaced with a new one. In the outer area of ​​the cave, the more than 30 year old benches were replaced and several trees that were inclined due to the slope were felled.

The Heinrichshöhle has had a state-of-the-art LED system since March 30, 2015. Around 150 LED lamps were installed and 1000 m of cable were laid for this purpose.

Description of the show cave

Cave entrance

The cave is entered as part of a guided tour through the bricked access tunnel. It goes over a corridor that is secured with gratings and leads steeply downwards. This is followed by a larger room, the entrance hall . The original entrance to the cave can be seen in the ceiling of the entrance hall. From this room three corridors lead in different directions. To the right it goes into the east corridor, where after a few meters, the cone cave , named after standing there ground stalactites ( stalagmites ), is achieved. Under the ceiling of the cave there are modeled carts that the water formed through chemical dissolving power. After another 30 meters, the portico is reached. On the right-hand side there are numerous stalactites in the ground in an uphill corridor. In Versturzraum the east corridor ends. A previously existing continuation collapsed because the valley of the Felsenmeer Road, which was in the immediate vicinity, deepened more and more and thus finally caused the cave ceiling, which was becoming too thin, to collapse. However, this process dates back more than 10,000 years, so several stalagmites up to 80 centimeters high could form on the rock pile that fell into the cave passage.

Wall sinter and sinter terraces

From the end of the east corridor , the guide way goes back to the entrance hall . From there you come to the west corridor, where after about 20 meters the largest room in Heinrichshöhle, the Bear Hall , is reached. The room is two to three meters high with a length of 25 and a width of 7 meters. This room is used for special occasions such as slide shows, concerts, children's birthdays and other events. At the northern end of the room there is a shaft over eight meters deep under a grating. In the back of the room there are many bones of Ice Age animals such as the ribs, vertebrae and teeth of giant deer , reindeer, cave bears and others. From there the course of the cave changes and it goes further into the mountain. The next step is the beehive hall , which is dominated by three large, strangely shaped stalactites with imaginary names: Cologne Cathedral , the beehive and the Leaning Tower of Pisa . The guide path goes past a side passage leading into the depths to a stalactite area with small sintering basins and sintering bowls. After a few meters the cave passage widens to the Sunken Grotto , where in the middle of the room there is a 1.65 meter high stalactite, which has a diameter of one meter at the bottom. The age of the stalactite is estimated to be around 90,000 years. There are other sinter formations there, such as the Sundwiger fairytale castle .

A few meters after the Sunken Grotto , the 2.35 meter long skeleton of a cave bear with a shoulder height of 1.10 meters, renovated in 2001, follows in a showcase. Next to the bear skeleton there is another showcase that contains the life-size model of a cave bear with fur. A few meters further on, a 1.60 meter long cave hyena with a shoulder height of 0.90 meters has been exhibited since 2007. The cave changes its character there again. So far, the corridors were flat and broadly arched. Now it goes through narrow, high crevices. After the bear skeleton the falling into the mountain to the north follows Devil column . After this column, a short staircase leads upwards, where the cathedral passage , which is up to 20 meters high , is probably the most imposing part of the cave. At the end of the cathedral corridor is the pagoda corridor , where there is a lot of sintering. The route ends there. Then it goes back to the bear skeleton and through a branching, winding connecting passage to the entrance hall and outside.

tourism

New kiosk in 2010

The opening times of the Heinrichshöhle depend on the weekends, holidays and public holidays and can be viewed on the website, the Facebook page and the website of the working group. Easily accessible paths lead into the individual cave extensions and past the stalactite formations. The path is almost level with a few steps. A guided tour covering a distance of around 320 meters takes around 40 minutes. Since the cave has only one entrance, some of the paths have to be walked twice. The temperature in the cave is around eight to ten degrees Celsius and the humidity is over 80 percent. The focus of the tours for school classes is on the formation of the cave and the stalactite formations. Other tours deal with exploring the cave, the Ice Age wildlife, or the living things currently present. All can also be carried out as adventure tours with flashlights. The number of visitors to the cave fluctuates between 13,000 and 16,000 per year, with a low in the last few years in 2006, the year of the soccer World Cup in Germany. The previous high value since 1998, the year in which the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Höhle und Karst Sauerland / Hemer e. V. took over the cave, was reached with 20,300 visitors in 2010 when the State Garden Show took place in Hemer. At the cave there is a small kiosk for the sale of tickets and souvenirs .

literature

  • Heinz-Werner Weber: Heinrichshöhle and Felsenmeer - Hemer's fascinating sights . 2nd improved edition. Hemer 2002.
  • No. 3 - Karst and caves in the Ruhr area . In: GeoPark Ruhrgebiet e. V. (Ed.): GeoPark Topics . Food 2007.
  • Hans Binder, Anke Luz, Hans Martin Luz: Show caves in Germany . Aegis Verlag, Ulm 1993, ISBN 3-87005-040-3 .
  • Stephan Kempe, Wilfried Rosendahl: Caves - Hidden Worlds . Primus Verlag, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-89678-611-1 .
  • World full of secrets - caves . In: Stephan Kempe (Ed.): HB Bildatlas special edition 17 . HB Verlags- und Vertriebs-Gesellschaft, Hamburg 1997, ISBN 3-616-06739-1 .
  • Cajus G. Diedrich: Bone remnants brought in and gnawed by Coelodonta antiquitatis (BLUMENBACH 1807) from the Upper Pleistocene spotted hyena nest Perick caves in northern Sauerland and contribution to the taphonomy of woolly rhinoceros carcasses in northwest Germany . In: Association of German Cave and Karst Researchers eV, Munich (Ed.): Volume 54 No. 4 . 2008, ISSN  0505-2211 .

See also

Web links

Commons : Heinrichshöhle  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Landscape and caves around Sundwig-Hemer, Sauerland. Retrieved January 22, 2011 .
  2. a b c Heinz-Werner Weber: Heinrichshöhle and Felsenmeer - Hemer's fascinating sights . 2nd improved edition. Hemer 2002, p. 9 .
  3. a b No. 3 - Karst and caves in the Ruhr area . In: GeoPark Ruhrgebiet e. V. (Ed.): GeoPark Topics . Essen 2007, p. 16 .
  4. a b c d e Heinz-Werner Weber: Heinrichshöhle and Felsenmeer - Hemer's fascinating sights . 2nd improved edition. Hemer 2002, p. 12 .
  5. World full of secrets - caves . In: Stephan Kempe (Ed.): HB Bildatlas special edition 17 . HB Verlags- und Vertriebs-Gesellschaft, Hamburg 1997, ISBN 3-616-06739-1 , p. 92 .
  6. The longest and deepest caves in Germany. Retrieved January 22, 2011 .
  7. a b c No. 3 - Karst and caves in the Ruhr area . In: GeoPark Ruhrgebiet e. V. (Ed.): GeoPark Topics . Essen 2007, p. 18 .
  8. a b c d e f Heinz-Werner Weber: Heinrichshöhle and Felsenmeer - Hemer's fascinating sights . 2nd improved edition. Hemer 2002, p. 3 .
  9. No. 3 - Karst and caves in the Ruhr area . In: GeoPark Ruhrgebiet e. V. (Ed.): GeoPark Topics . Essen 2007, p. 16-17 .
  10. a b c d e No. 3 - Karst and caves in the Ruhr area . In: GeoPark Ruhrgebiet e. V. (Ed.): GeoPark Topics . Essen 2007, p. 17 .
  11. ^ Johann Friedrich Benzenberg: Magazine for the latest state of natural history . tape 11 . Landes-Industrie-Comptoirs, Weimar 1806, p. 455 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  12. ^ A b c d e Hans Binder, Anke Lutz, Hans Martin Lutz: Show caves in Germany . Aegis Verlag, Ulm 1993, ISBN 3-87005-040-3 , p. 32 .
  13. Jakob Nöggerath: The mountains in Rhineland-Westphalia according to mineralogical and chemical references . Eduard Weber, Bonn 1823, transition limestone, p. 29–30 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  14. Georges Cuvier, Jakob Nöggerath: Cuvier's views of the underworld . Eduard Weber, Bonn 1826, p. 110 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  15. Hermann von Meyer: Paläologica for the history of the earth and its creatures . Publishing house by Siegmund Schmerber, Frankfurt am Main 1832, p. 512 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  16. Bernhard von Cotta: Instructions for studying geology and geognosy. Especially for German foresters, farmers and technicians . Arnoldischen Buchhandlung, Dresden and Leipzig 1839, p. 175 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  17. Jakob Nöggerath: The origin and formation of the earth: excellently explained by examples from Rhineland-Westphalia . E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung und Druckerei, Stuttgart 1847, p. 219–220 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  18. ^ Heinz-Werner Weber: Heinrichshöhle and Felsenmeer - Hemer's fascinating sights . 2nd improved edition. Hemer 2002, p. 3-5 .
  19. a b c The Heinrichshöhle. Retrieved January 22, 2011 .
  20. a b c d e f g h i Heinz-Werner Weber: Heinrichshöhle and Felsenmeer - Hemer's fascinating sights . 2nd improved edition. Hemer 2002, p. 5 .
  21. Heinrichshöhle: The legendary. In: Sauerland-Höhlen.de ; Heinrich's return to his kingdom. In: NRW Foundation .
  22. a b c Cajus G. Diedrich: Entrained and gnawed bone remains of Coelodonta antiquitatis (BLUMENBACH 1807) from the Upper Pleistocene spotted hyena nest Perick caves in northern Sauerland and contribution to the taphonomy of woolly rhinoceros carcasses in northwest Germany . In: Association of German Cave and Karst Researchers eV, Munich (Ed.): Volume 54 No. 4 . 2008, ISSN  0505-2211 .
  23. No. 3 - Karst and caves in the Ruhr area . In: GeoPark Ruhrgebiet e. V. (Ed.): GeoPark Topics . Essen 2007, p. 20 .
  24. a b c d Restoration of the cave bear skeleton in the Heinrichshöhle. Retrieved January 22, 2011 .
  25. Heinrichshöhle - Sundwiger stalactite cave. Retrieved January 22, 2011 .
  26. No. 3 - Karst and caves in the Ruhr area . In: GeoPark Ruhrgebiet e. V. (Ed.): GeoPark Topics . Essen 2007, p. 17-18 .
  27. a b c The Heinrichshöhle in the "New Light". Retrieved January 22, 2011 .
  28. Hemer belongs to the 'GeoPark Ruhrgebiet'. Retrieved January 22, 2011 .
  29. a b Good company for the cave bear Heinrich '. Retrieved January 22, 2011 .
  30. a b Renovation on and in the Heinrichshöhle. Retrieved January 22, 2011 .
  31. New LED lighting in the Heinrichshöhle - Hemer. In: www.hemer.de. Retrieved June 15, 2016 .
  32. a b c d e f g h Heinz-Werner Weber: Heinrichshöhle and Felsenmeer - Hemer's fascinating sights . 2nd improved edition. Hemer 2002, p. 7 .
  33. Oliver Kunz: The Heinrichshöhle. In: www.hiz-hemer.de. Retrieved June 15, 2016 .
  34. Julia: ahks-hemer.de - ahks-hemer.de. In: www.ahks-hemer.de. Retrieved June 15, 2016 .
  35. The Heinrichshöhle. Retrieved January 22, 2011 .
  36. ^ Heinz-Werner Weber: Heinrichshöhle and Felsenmeer - Hemer's fascinating sights . 2nd improved edition. Hemer 2002, p. 2 .
  37. a b Information from the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Höhle und Karst Sauerland / Hemer e. V.
This article was added to the list of articles worth reading on April 13, 2011 in this version .