Goetz Cave
| Goetz Cave
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 Goetz Cave |
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| Location: | Meiningen im Werra Valley , Germany | |
| Height : | 328 m above sea level NN | |
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Geographic location: |
50 ° 33 '54.9 " N , 10 ° 24' 24.5" E | |
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| Cadastral number: | 5428/01 | |
| Geology: | Shell limestone | |
| Type: | Cleft and crevice cave | |
| Discovery: | 1915 | |
| Show cave since: | 1934/2000 | |
| Lighting: | electric (since 1934) | |
| Level difference: | 33 meters | |
| Length of the show cave area: |
420 meters | |
| Average annual number of visitors: | 8,400 (2006-2010) | |
| Current visitors: | 9,500 (2010) | |
| Particularities: | The only accessible and accessible cleft and crevice cave in Europe. | |
| Website: | Official website | |
The Goetz cave is a demolition crevice cave in Thuringia . It is located on the western outskirts of Meiningen am Dietrichsberg in the middle of the mountainside towards the Werra . The cave is a natural and soil monument and is considered the largest cave of this type in Germany . It is also the only developed and accessible cleft and crevice cave in Europe. The fissures and crevices were created around 25,000 years ago by a slide of the slope towards the Werra, which is still ongoing.
The cave was discovered by the Meiningen merchant Reinhold Goetz in August 1915. After the development, which took several years with interruptions, it was opened as a show cave on April 21, 1934 . From 1970 to 2000 the guided tour was suspended after the cave was closed due to alleged safety defects. On April 22nd, 2000 the cave was reopened after a thorough renovation. It is accessible over a length of 420 meters in four parallel columns and three floors, with about half of the guide way consisting of artificially created tunnels across the columns.
history
discovery
The Meiningen merchant Reinhold Goetz had been busy for years creating a mountain garden there, in keeping with the romantic taste of the time, with large terraces, viewpoints and an artificial castle ruin. While mining rocks in August 1915, he came across a larger opening in the shell limestone of the Dietrichsberg. He examined it, went further into the mountain and found that the opening led to a crevice running parallel to the mountain slope, today's main crevice 2.
Development
A tunnel was built there by 1917, which, according to the description, was the tunnel used today as an exit. In April 1917, Goetz found animal and human bones embedded in the cave clay in a rock crevice, today's main column 3, about 20 meters from the entrance. Upon further excavation of the tunnels the main columns have been approached. 3 and 4 The cave was first explored by the Thuringian Cave Association in 1922. The exit tunnel was expanded by 1925. From then on, friends of the family and other interested parties toured the cave. Reinhold Goetz died on December 31, 1925 and the development work was stopped. In the following years, the Goetz cave became quiet.
In 1932, the regional geologist Heß von Wichdorf mentioned the columns in the Dietrichsberg in Die Thüringer Höhlen . He described them as the most important rifts in Thuringia. He had gained this knowledge during a visit in October 1931. On April 23, 1932, members of the Thuringian Cave Association, the Mayor of Meiningen Hermann Keßler and other representatives of the city as well as cave friends of the Hennebergisch-Franconian History Association visited the cave. Hess von Wichdorf was in charge and explained the geological conditions and how it was formed. He also indicated that the development should continue as soon as possible.
Further expansion of the cave began in May 1932. Martha Goetz, the widow of the discoverer, who mainly financed the further development work, was supported by the Thuringian Cave Society and the Hennebergisch-Franconian History Society based in Meiningen. The mining engineer Hermann Bender from Blankenburg (Harz) was in charge of the technical direction, while Erich Marquardt, a teacher at the Bernhardinum Meiningen grammar school, supported him. The work was carried out by labor service conscripts from Meiningen and the surrounding area and six miners from the Ruhr area. A total of more than 20 workers under the guidance of miners and geologists were busy with the expansion.
A shaft was sunk 22 meters deep to create the main access tunnel . When expanding from the inside of the mountain to the outside, the main crevice, today's column 1, and small secondary crevices were discovered. The ground-level access tunnel was of great importance for the further development of the cave. It served as access for the workers, who previously could only drive in via the shaft, and for transporting the overburden from the cave, which until then had to be lifted up through the shaft with a hand reel . 7000 cubic meters of cleared material were heaped up to a terrace . In March 1934, stairs made of oak wood to overcome the height differences and electrical lighting were installed. With that the development work was finished. The Mayor of Meiningen, Johann Meister, inaugurated the cave on April 21, 1934. The cave building was also built back then.
In 1938 the Meiningen-based Breede family bought the cave and the mountain garden above. She organized the cave tours in the following years. On October 30, 1940, the Goetz cave was protected as a natural monument by an ordinance of the district administrator under the Reich Nature Conservation Act. Due to the finds of human and animal bones, the Goetz Cave was declared a ground monument on August 20, 1955 . In 1956, it was temporarily placed under protection as a geological natural monument, as there were uncertainties about the validity of old district ordinances in the GDR. In the same year the Neumann family leased the cave.
Forced closure
The last tour of the cave took place on July 24, 1970. It was then closed with a reference to the threat of ridge demolition. The cave hut stayed open. The owners of the cave did not receive an official declaration of closure, and there is no written evidence of this. The cave entrances and exits were walled up. It is unlikely that the security deficiencies mentioned actually existed. The reason for the closure of the cave is assumed to be the proximity to the inner-German border . Since the cave was privately owned, the authorities had no way of controlling it. Neither the monument authorities nor the owners, some of whom were living in West Germany at the time, succeeded in having the closure lifted.
On August 11, 1983, the council of the Meiningen district protected the cave as a geological natural monument (GND) with resolution number 510/73/83 . In 1981 and 1989, the cave no longer appears in the lists of soil monuments in the Meiningen district, which is probably related to the closure in 1970. The cave is currently listed in the monument book of the Free State of Thuringia.
After the reunification, the cave was initially closed. Since there were no protection-worthiness reports and treatment guidelines in the 1983 resolution, the Lower Nature Conservation Authority of the Meiningen district initiated a protection-worthiness report at the beginning of the 1990s. The Thuringian State Office for Archaeological Monument Preservation (TLAD) in Weimar began in 1994 to rework the archaeological finds. In December 1995 nine committed Meiningers took the initiative to reopen. The report from 1996 by a company for mountain safety in Ilfeld does not reveal any safety risks, so that the cave could have been used again at any time. The owners, a community of heirs of several families and individuals, signaled their intention to sell.
reopening
An eight-page report by Bergsicherung Ilfeld dated March 1, 1996 on the technical condition of the cave and the necessary renovation work and investments came to the conclusion that nothing stood in the way of a reopening of the Goetz cave. On September 13, 1996 the Goetz-Höhle e. V. founded with 42 members, with the main goal of reopening the Goetz cave. German mining law stipulates that an underground show cave may only be used if the owner of the property above agrees. The surface area of the Goetz Cave, which was also owned by the community of heirs, is around 21,000 square meters. With a notary contract dated April 26, 1996, the property was acquired with the Goetz cave. Bergsicherung Ilfeld estimated the cost of the renovation measures at around 1.6 million euros .
In order to keep the later entrance fees as low as possible, funding was sought to finance the development costs. A commitment from the Ministry of Economics in Erfurt was revoked because of a budget freeze. The state employment office later contributed to the financing of the first expansion stage with around one million euros. The Thuringian State Office for Monument Preservation and Archeology in Weimar, the city of Meiningen and several business people and private individuals also contributed to this. From June 1999 to January 2000 all measures for the start of the show cave operation were completed.
The main and exploratory plan of the responsible mining authority in Bad Salzungen in 1999 provided for the replacement of all technical equipment, as these had not been maintained during the almost thirty-year dormant phase. In addition, it was necessary to professionally secure the parts of the cave, which will be used as visitor routes, and the necessary secondary routes. The entrance, which had been used as a beer cellar for decades, had to be returned to its original purpose and the old wooden stairs and lighting systems had to be replaced. Supporting elements, wire nets to protect against falling stones and railings in the area of deep crevices were installed for safe visitor traffic, the outside area of the cave, such as paths, stairs and embankments, were designed to be visitor friendly.
The Thuringian Cave Association e. V. supported the work of the Goetz-Höhlen-Verein. At the beginning of 2000 the cave with the attached cave hut was leased. The first trial run of the cave took place on February 19, the festive reopening on Holy Saturday , April 22, 2000. By the end of the year 14,554 visitors were counted in the show cave.
Caving
In 2009, effect lighting with light emitting diodes (LED) was installed to illuminate individual parts of the cave with color. The new lighting cost around 25,000 euros. The first cave festival took place in September 2009. A second stage of expansion of the cave is planned. The construction of a new entrance structure is imperative, as the old cave building no longer meets today's requirements. From 2012 the cave was only rarely open to the public due to the closure of the hut until new tenants reopened the cave and the hut in May 2014. They also made the romantic mountain garden created by Goetz accessible again. Two years later, they unfortunately closed again, and the bar with catering remained closed. Cave tours were only possible with registration. Since then the cave has been for sale.
In February 2020, the Goetz-Höhlen-Verein sold the cave and bungalow to the entrepreneur and brewery owner Volker Reich. With the positive safety assessment already carried out by the responsible State Office for the Environment, Mining and Nature Conservation, he intends to carry out extensive renovation of the facility. Together with the city, the new owner wants to create a “cave adventure world” with attractions also for children and better marketing and accessibility for visitors.
geology
Emergence
The demolition crevice cave runs through rocks of the Lower Muschelkalk . Geologically, the cave can be assigned to the southern Thuringian-Franconian plaice, the Heldburger plaice and part of the Meininger Mulde. It is located in the so-called Meininger Triasland , also called Meininger Kalkplatten , an extensive shell limestone plateau between the Werra valley near Meiningen and the Grabfeld . In Thuringia, this type of cave is particularly common in the Werra and Ilm valleys ; about 150 of them are known, the Goetz cave is the largest of them. The undeveloped Enzianerdfall near Arnstadt with a depth of 56 meters has a similarly large fissure .
The formation of the cave is due to several causes. Well-fissured limestone and limestone marl stones of the Lower Muschelkalk above the relatively water-impermeable Upper Buntsandstein ( Röt ), which is predominantly clay- silty , stand on the slope . In addition, the formation of the Werra valley in the Pleistocene resulted in an erosive cut of the shell limestone base. The upper edge of the Röt is 34 meters below the level of the entrance tunnel to the cave. The seeping water from precipitation and the groundwater accumulate at the shell limestone base, which is followed in the lying red rock, and soften it.
The load of the approximately 100 meter thick limestone package of the Lower Muschelkalks caused fracture and sliding processes in the Röt rocks in the area of the Goetz cave. This led to the demolition down the valley and the tilting of the large limestone fissures. The sliding rock package of the Lower Muschelkalk broke into individual clods and crevices parallel to the slope formed predominantly. Layer inclinations of just one degree in the direction of the valley supported this process, which is indicated by trench-like incursions parallel to the slope on the surface of the terrain. On the slope of the Dietrichsberg, the individual blocks tipped in front of and side by side in a staggered manner. Four main and twenty secondary crevices were formed parallel to the slope. The blocks furthest down the valley slid the most. In the Goetz cave, the horizontal sliding movement was greater than the vertical offset.
description
The cave entrance is at an altitude of 328 meters and the cave exit at 361 meters above sea level . The Werra valley is about 290 meters above sea level and in the Meiningen area is cut about 160 meters deep into the surrounding terrain. The cave has four parallel main crevices, some of which reach a height of over 50 meters, are closed at the top and are most open at the bottom with a width of up to three meters. Column 1, also known as the birthday column because it was discovered on the birthday of the explorer Goetz, is bricked up at both ends for security reasons. The column is from wall to wall about twelve meters long, three meters wide and nine meters high. Column 2 is about 40 meters long and one to two and a half meters wide due to cracks. The height is about 30 meters, with 20 to 25 meters visible. Column 3, also known as the Great Gorge , is 50 meters high and over 40 meters long. Originally it was about 65 meters high; to make it accessible, the floor was filled by 15 meters. Column 4, called Kleine Klamm , is between 30 and 45 meters high and almost 10 meters long.
The four columns are partially accessible on three floors, with a height of 33 meters with seven stairs and 164 steps. The crevices are accessed through several crosscuts on all three floors, the entrance tunnel is 110 meters long. Other caves of this type, which have not been developed, are only accessible to cave explorers via shafts that lead vertically into the depths . The guideway is about 420 meters (according to other information also 450, 464 and 480 meters) and about half of it goes over natural crevices and artificially created tunnels, so-called crosscuts. On the middle floor, a gap running from west to east was used as a cross passage.
Guide way
In the entrance gallery, which is made of limestone masonry in the front part , two doors lead into the cave. On the way to column 1, behind the first bend, in the lower right wall area, is the first natural fissure opening. The gap extends about five meters in a north-northeast direction. Column 1, the first of four main columns that can be seen in the tour, is then reached. After four meters there is a high crevice, the chimney . This natural cavity is 15 meters long, up to 1.5 meters wide and up to 15 meters high. From the chimney, the walls of the corridor are bricked over a length of 16 meters. Strongly broken rock and several crevices were hit when driving the tunnel . At the fork in the uphill path, go straight to columns 3 and 4, but the guide path turns to the left, following column 2. There is the Small Cathedral , a rock cave where bats hibernate. In the column there are numerous brick struts from the development period, which are intended to prevent loose blocks from sliding off. The wall sections of the crevice on the mountain and valley sides have different heights. The rock packs on the valley side have slipped further downhill than those on the slope. As a result, the originally horizontal layers were staggered against each other. The gap becomes wider and wider as the path progresses and finally reaches a width of three meters. The visible height is around 20 to 25 meters.
In the further course of the crevice you will reach the great cathedral , the largest crevice area of the cave. Because of the good acoustics, music is played over loudspeakers. The back of the column is locked. This ten meter long area is called the Gnome Grotto , because with a little imagination, various fairy tale characters and other shapes can be recognized there. In front of the cordoned off area there is a cross passage to the right. Like the entrance tunnel, this was created during the development. It brushes past several crevices until the Great Gorge in column 3 is reached at the end of the crosscut . This gap starts out very narrow and then widens. It is not completely visible at a height of over 30 meters. There, too, an offset can be observed on the wall sections on the mountain and valley sides. At two meters, this crevice has the largest gap in the cave. After the crack, the entrance tunnel is reached again. Wheelchair users can get out there. The large circular path leads to the left over the entrance tunnel into the mountain, where further gaps are approached. From column 4 there is a staircase twelve meters up to the middle floor. The entrance tunnel extends a further nine meters into the mountain. This section served as a search tunnel for further columns; however, no others were discovered. The stairs lead past a plateau, a second flight of stairs continues upwards.
The path leads from column 4 through a section to the east and meets there again the large gorge of column 3. From a bridge you can see twelve meters down freely. Two more flights of stairs at the bend lead to the upper floor, where column 2 is reached in the further course. From there you can see the rock cave in the depths . On the way to the chapel there is a rift. A six meter high staircase in the chapel leads to the pulpit . In a westerly direction it goes back through another cross passage to the Great Gorge of Column 3. A staircase leads to an artificially created plateau called a turn. The first stalactite formation can be seen there in the form of wall sinter . In the further course of the route, the walls of the cleft are sintered over a large area. Two more flights of stairs, the last in the cave, take you 13 meters up to the upper floor.
The exit tunnel is on the left, and the guide path to the skull column continues on the right. The path leads again through a tunnel section, which, however, has not been approached precisely by mining and has a changing width. Human skeletal parts were found in the skull fissure, a gap with a different direction to the other gaps. An illuminated skull was shown to visitors there until it was closed in 1970. Then a short section of tunnel, slightly rising, with crevasses joining it, is used to the end of the upper floor. In the tunnel it goes back towards the cave exit. After crossing the large gorge, a third short side tunnel branches off a few meters before the exit to the southwest. There Goetz mined material for his mountain garden above the cave, which ultimately led to the discovery of the cave. From this side tunnel it went uphill into today's exit tunnel, from which the cave was accessed. Outside the cave, the large spoil dump and the terrace can be seen on the left , which testify to the development work.
Flora and fauna
Wildlife
The fauna of the cave has been explored several times. Inspections by Zaenker took place on October 4, 1996, May 14, 1999 and April 22, 2000 as well as by Bellstedt on January 14 and 28, 2001. There are three groups of animals. The alien animals get into the cave by chance because they get lost there. They soon perish because the cave is not their actual habitat. Another group are the cave friends ( troglophiles ) who spend their entire lives in the cave. But they can also exist in the outside world. The third group are called troglobionts and have developed characteristics in the course of evolution that enable them to live permanently in the cave. Animals from all three groups were found in the Goetz cave.
In small water basins in the back of the cave there are small, mostly only up to a millimeter in size, white and eyeless springtails (Collembola), which belong to the troglobionts. The rare millipede Brachychaeteuma bagnalli exists in the Goetz cave as the only cave in the Thuringian region . The troglophilic cave animals include the cellar gloss snail Oxychilus cellarius and the wood louse Oniscus asellus . Of note are the six species of arachnids, including the troglophilic spider species Lepthyphantes pallidus and Nesticus cellulanus . The canopy spider Lepthyphantes pallidus is only two millimeters tall. The cave spider Nesticus cellulanus and the autumn spider Metellina merianae are hygrophilic (moisture-loving) . In the upper cave entrance there are two funnel spiders in drier wall areas , the house spider Tegenaria atrica and Tegenaria silvestris .
In summer the long-legged widgeon Limonia nubeculosa lives in the entrance area of the cave . In winter, the females of mosquitoes Culex pipiens regularly overwinter in the cave. There are also fungus gnats (Mycetophilidae), sciarid gnats (Sciaridae) and winter gnats (Trichoceridae), more rarely the butterfly gnats (Psychodidae). Small black flies from the Sphaeroceridae family ( dung flies ) spend the summer in the damp entrance area. The glassy, transparent and eyeless larvae of a specially adapted species of fungus mosquito can be found in some damp areas of the cave ceiling. Humpback flies (Phoridae) and the troglophile Triphleba antricola live in the cave all year round . Two species of butterflies, the cave moth Triphosa dubitata and the ragged owl Scoliopteryx libatrix , are typical cave overwinterers.
Several bat species have been detected in the cave , most of which fly into the upper exit tunnel, where their activities are recorded by radar sensors. The bats hibernate in the cave from October to March and are among the most highly developed cave dwellers. So far, the great mouse- eared bat ( Myotis myotis ), the brown long-eared bat ( Plecotus auritus ) and the lesser bearded bat ( Myotis mystacinus ) have been identified in bat species . These are mostly located at great heights in the crevices or in hidden corners and niches and are usually barely visible.
Lamp flora
In the Goetz Cave has a pronounced, as since its reopening in 2000 Lamp Flora designated plant community developed in the glow of the lamps. Algae , mosses and ferns in particular can settle in the light . Most of the time, however, these are miserable forms that could not survive in absolute darkness without artificial lighting. The plants are not evenly distributed, chance determines which spores get into the cave through fissures with the seepage water from the surface of the earth. The cave visitors also contribute to the spread of the plants. As the distance to the light source decreases, i.e. with increasing light intensity and heat radiation, the green zone gradually changes into a moss belt. With some lamps, little or no lamp flora could develop due to the dryness.
Archaeological finds
Goetz made finds in the cave during the development work in the 1910s. During the further development work by his widow from 1932 to 1934, further objects were found. Part of it was first exhibited in two showcases in front of the cave at the opening in 1934. In 1958 some of the finds came to the Meiningen Prehistory Collection. The holdings from the Meininger Museum are now in the Steinsburg Museum near Römhild . The contents of the showcases are owned by the Thuringian State Office for Archaeological Monument Preservation (TLAD) in Weimar .
Most of the finds come from the crack in the bone. They are the bones of eight human skeletons , the bones and teeth of brown bears , badgers , bison , moles , voles and squirrels . Ceramic shards or remains of clothing were not found.
tourism
The cave can be reached via the federal highway 19 leading through Meiningen and from the motorway junctions Meiningen-Nord and - Süd of the A 71 . At the cave there is the cave hut with catering, a toilet facility and the ticket booth with information about the cave. The Goetz Cave is currently closed. A reopening by a new operator is planned for summer 2020.
The tours go over easily accessible paths and stairs in the individual columns. A tour takes about 45 minutes. A distance of almost 420 meters is covered, three levels with a height difference of about 33 meters are overcome on 164 steps. The temperature in the cave is around eight degrees Celsius and the humidity is over 80 percent. From the cave exit, a path with stairs leads back to the cave hut. In addition to the normal guided tour, a floor-level tour is also offered to make the cave accessible for people with reduced mobility.
In the years 2006 to 2010 there were an annual average of 8,376 visitors. With this value, the show cave is in the lower range of the show caves in Germany. In 2006, 10,120 people visited the cave, the highest number in recent years. In 2010 there were 9,000 visitors.
See also
literature
- Editor Angela Nestler et al. , Article by Ronald Bellstedt et al. : Goetz Cave Meiningen . Ed .: Thuringian State Institute for Geology, Weimar. Resch DRUCK GmbH, Meiningen 2001, ISBN 3-9806811-2-2 .
- Editor Ina Pustal, article by Ronald Bellstedt et al. : Thuringia Underground: An excursion to show caves, visitor mines and GeoMuseen . Ed .: Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology, Jena. Druckhaus Gera, Gera 2005, ISBN 3-9806811-4-9 .
- Ulrich Völkel: Caves, grottos, show mines in Thuringia: a hike underground, above ground, but not every day . RhinoVerlag, Ilmenau 2007, ISBN 978-3-939399-03-2 .
- Stephan Kempe, Wilfried Rosendahl: Caves - Hidden Worlds . Primus Verlag, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-89678-611-1 .
- Goetz Cave Meiningen e. V. (Hrsg.): Goetz-Höhle Meiningen - Germany's largest accessible cleft and crevice cave . Resch Druck GmpH, Meiningen 2000.
- Erich Marquardt: The Goetz cave in Meiningen . In: Städtisches Verkehrsamt Meiningen (Hrsg.): Theater city Meiningen and surroundings . Primus Verlag, Stuttgart 1937.
- Erich Marquardt (Ed.): The Goetzhöhle zu Meiningen - A guide for visitors and friends . Reussnersche Hofbuchdruckerei GmbH Meiningen / Thür., Meiningen 1935.
- AA: Goetz-Höhle Meiningen - Germany's only rift cave . Reich's Druckanstalt, Meiningen 1935.
Web links
- Goetz cave at Thueringen-tourismus.de
- Goetz cave at show caves
- Goetz Cave at Lochstein.de
- Goetz cave near Thueringen.info
- MDR Thueringen Journal Article: Goetz-Höhle Meiningen, April 15, 2017.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ulrich Völkel: Caves, grottos, show mines in Thuringia: A hike underground, above ground, but not every day . RhinoVerlag, Ilmenau 2007, ISBN 978-3-939399-03-2 , p. 57 .
- ↑ Editor Angela Nestler et al. , Article by Ronald Bellstedt et al. : Goetz Cave Meiningen . Ed .: Thuringian State Institute for Geology, Weimar. Resch DRUCK GmbH, Meiningen 2001, ISBN 3-9806811-2-2 , p. 17 .
- ↑ a b c d e f Editor Angela Nestler et al. , Article by Ronald Bellstedt et al. : Goetz Cave Meiningen . Ed .: Thuringian State Institute for Geology. Weimar 2001, ISBN 3-9806811-2-2 , pp. 10 .
- ↑ a b c d Götzhöhle - Underground magic world. (No longer available online.) Theater Meiningen, archived from the original on May 8, 2015 ; Retrieved September 9, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Editor Angela Nestler et al. , Article by Ronald Bellstedt et al. : Goetz Cave Meiningen . Ed .: Thuringian State Institute for Geology. Weimar 2001, ISBN 3-9806811-2-2 , pp. 11 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g Editor Angela Nestler et al. , Article by Ronald Bellstedt et al. : Goetz Cave Meiningen . Ed .: Thuringian State Institute for Geology. Weimar 2001, ISBN 3-9806811-2-2 , pp. 14 .
- ↑ a b Editor Angela Nestler et al. , Article by Ronald Bellstedt et al. : Goetz Cave Meiningen . Ed .: Thuringian State Institute for Geology. Weimar 2001, ISBN 3-9806811-2-2 , pp. 12 .
- ↑ Editor Angela Nestler et al. , Article by Ronald Bellstedt et al. : Goetz Cave Meiningen . Ed .: Thuringian State Institute for Geology. Weimar 2001, ISBN 3-9806811-2-2 , pp. 13 .
- ↑ Editor Angela Nestler et al. , Article by Ronald Bellstedt et al. : Goetz Cave Meiningen . Ed .: Thuringian State Institute for Geology. Weimar 2001, ISBN 3-9806811-2-2 , pp. 26-27 .
- ↑ Mainpost The Goetz-Hoehle in Meiningen is for sale.
- ↑ Meininger Tageblatt : Cave adventure world within reach . published on February 19, 2020.
- ↑ a b Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology, Jena (ed.): Thuringia Underground: an excursus on show caves, visitor mines and geo-museums . Druckhaus Gera, Gera 2005, ISBN 3-9806811-4-9 , p. 92 .
- ↑ Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology, Jena (ed.): Thuringia Underground: an excursion to show caves, visitor mines and geo-museums . Druckhaus Gera, Gera 2005, ISBN 3-9806811-4-9 , p. 55 .
- ↑ Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology, Jena (ed.): Thuringia Underground: an excursion to show caves, visitor mines and geo-museums . Druckhaus Gera, Gera 2005, ISBN 3-9806811-4-9 , p. 96 .
- ↑ Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology, Jena (ed.): Thuringia Underground: an excursion to show caves, visitor mines and geo-museums . Druckhaus Gera, Gera 2005, ISBN 3-9806811-4-9 , p. 94 .
- ^ Franz Lindenmayr: Foray through caves in Thuringia. June 22, 2002, accessed September 14, 2009 .
- ↑ Editor Angela Nestler et al. , Article by Ronald Bellstedt et al. : Goetz Cave Meiningen . Ed .: Thuringian State Institute for Geology. Weimar 2001, ISBN 3-9806811-2-2 , pp. 17-19 .
- ↑ Editor Angela Nestler et al. , Article by Ronald Bellstedt et al. : Goetz Cave Meiningen . Ed .: Thuringian State Institute for Geology. Weimar 2001, ISBN 3-9806811-2-2 , pp. 19-21 .
- ↑ Editor Angela Nestler et al. , Article by Ronald Bellstedt et al. : Goetz Cave Meiningen . Ed .: Thuringian State Institute for Geology. Weimar 2001, ISBN 3-9806811-2-2 , pp. 21-22 .
- ↑ Editor Angela Nestler et al. , Article by Ronald Bellstedt et al. : Goetz Cave Meiningen . Ed .: Thuringian State Institute for Geology. Weimar 2001, ISBN 3-9806811-2-2 , pp. 22-23 .
- ↑ a b c d e Editor Angela Nestler et al. , Article by Ronald Bellstedt et al. : Goetz Cave Meiningen . Ed .: Thuringian State Institute for Geology. Weimar 2001, ISBN 3-9806811-2-2 , pp. 31-33 .
- ↑ Editor Angela Nestler et al. , Article by Ronald Bellstedt et al. : Goetz Cave Meiningen . Ed .: Thuringian State Institute for Geology. Weimar 2001, ISBN 3-9806811-2-2 , pp. 28-29 .
