Heterometrus liophysa
| Heterometrus liophysa | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Heterometrus liophysa | ||||||||||||
| ( Thorell , 1888) |
Heterometrus liophysa is an Indonesian scorpion in the Scorpionidae family .
description
Heterometrus liophysa is a 110 to 140 millimeter long scorpion with a reddish-black to black basic color. The chelae are slightly lobed, with a length to width ratio of about 3 to 1 in male and about 2.2 to 1 in female scorpions. Their top is relatively smooth with only a few granules that do not form keels. The pedipalps show a clear sexual dimorphism , the femora , patellae and chelae of males are narrower and more elongated than those of the females. The firm finger in particular is remarkably long in males. The carapace has a granular surface. The combs of the comb organ have 13 to 18 teeth in both sexes. The telson is hairy and elongated, with a poisonous bladder longer than the venomous sting .
distribution and habitat
The Terra typica of Heterometrus liophysa was given in the first description in Sumatra ad Ajer Mancior . In the past, this information was repeatedly incorrectly equated with the city of Aceh in the north of the Indonesian island of Sumatra . It apparently came from the collector of the type specimens, the Italian botanist Odoardo Beccari . Beccari himself described Musa sumatrana, a type of banana that has meanwhile been synonymous with Musa acuminata . In his description he gave a waterfall in the valley of the River Anai in West Sumatra, which is called Air Mantjur in the Minangkabau language . The terra typica is located at the waterfall in the valley of the Batang Anai River ( 0 ° 29 ′ 0.5 ″ S , 100 ° 20 ′ 17.5 ″ E ), about seven kilometers west of the city of Padang Panjang in the Sumatra Barat province , at an altitude of 495 meters above sea level.
The range includes the Indonesian islands Sumatra, the Mentawai islands , Nias , Babi , the Batu islands and Weh .
Systematics
Subspecies
- Heterometrus liophysa separatus Couzijn , 1981 : HWC Couzijn described this subspecies of Heterometrus liophysa after specimens from the island of Weh in his revision of the genus Heterometrus in 1981 .
- Heterometrus liophysa spartanicus Couzijn , 1981 : this subspecies was described by Couzijn from a single specimen from the island of Babi .
František Kovařík stated in his revision of the genus Heterometrus in 2004 that he was not able to verify the status of these two subspecies.
Initial description
The first description was made by Tamerlan Thorell in 1888.
Type material
Thorell based his first description on three, in his opinion, male specimens collected by Odoardo Beccari. At the time of the first description, the type specimens were in the collection of the Museo di storia naturale Giacomo Doria in Genoa . At the time of the revision of the genus Heterometrus by HWC Couzijn in 1981, they could no longer be found and were probably lost. Couzijn therefore defined an adult male from Padang as a neotype. It is located in the Naturalis Natural History Museum in Leiden .
The specimens identified by Carl Friedrich Roewer in 1943 as the holotype and paratype of “Heterometrus laevifrons” , a juvenile male and female scorpion from the island of Siberut , are in the collection of the Senckenberg Nature Museum in Frankfurt am Main.
A male holotype, an allotype and two male and one female paratype from Heterometrus liophysa separatus from the island of Weh and the male holotype from Heterometrus liophysa spartanicus from the island of Babi are in the collection of the Naturalis Museum in Leiden.
etymology
The species name is derived from the ancient Greek words leios (German: "smooth") and phusa (German: "bubble"). It refers to the smooth underside of the poisonous bladder, which has granules in other species.
Synonyms (chronological)
- Palamnaeus liophysa Thorell , 1888 : the name was given by Thorell in his first description, but the genus Palamnaeus had already been declared a synonym for Heterometrus by Ferdinand Karsch in 1879 .
- Scorpio longimanus liophysa Kraepelin , 1894 : Karl Kraepelin made Thorell's Palamnaeus liophysa a subspecies of Scorpio longimanus in his major revision of the scorpions , because he was of the opinion that the distinguishing features cited by Thorell were not sufficient for the delimitation of a species. A few years later, in his volume of arachnids in the series Das Tierreich , published in 1899 , he listed the species as Heterometrus liophysa without further explanation .
- Heterometrus liophysa madoerensis Kopstein , 1921 : this subspecies was described by Felix Kopstein in 1921 from a single subadult female specimen from Madura . It was elevated to a species by Couzijn in 1981, but declared a synonym for Heterometrus liophysa by Kovařík in 2004 .
- Heterometrus laevifrons Roewer , 1943 : Carl Friedrich Roewer described this species in 1943 after two juvenile collection specimens that the Senckenberg Naturmuseum in Frankfurt am Main had acquired. The species was downgraded in 1981 by Couzijn to the subspecies of Heterometrus (Heterometrus) liophysa laevifrons and in 2004 synonymized by Kovařík with Heterometrus liophysa .
- Heterometrus (Heterometrus) liophysa laevifrons Couzijn , 1981 : from Couzijn to the subspecies of Heterometrus laevifrons Roewer , 1943 . The subspecies was synonymous with the nominate form in 2004 by Kovařík.
- Heterometrus (Heterometrus) liophysa liophysa Couzijn , 1981 : HWC Couzijn described the subgenus Heterometrus in 1981 , in which he also placed Heterometrus liophysa . The subgenus Heterometrus and all other subgenera described by Couzijn were abolished in 2004 by František Kovařík in his revision of the genus Heterometrus .
- Heterometrus (Heterometrus) madoerensis Couzijn , 1981 : Couzijn gave the subspecies madoerensis described by Kopstein in 1921 the species rank. It was declared a synonym for Heterometrus liophysa by Kovařík in 2004 .
literature
- HWC Couzijn: Revision of the genus Heterometrus. In: Zoologische Verhandelingen 1981, Volume 184, No. 1, pp. 1–196 (also dissertation, University of Leiden 1981), here pp. 151–153, online PDF , 18.6 MB.
- František Kovařík: A review of the genus Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, with descriptions of seven new species (Scorpiones, Scorpionidae). In: Euscorpius , 2004, No. 15, pp. 1-60, online PDF , 6.3 MB.
- Tamerlan Thorell: Pedipalpi e scorpioni dell'Archipelago Malesi conservati nel Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova . In: Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova "Giacomo Doria" 1888, Volume 26, pp. 327–428, here pp. 415–419, digitized .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h František Kovařík: A review of the genus Heterometrus, p. 20.
- ↑ a b Tamerlan Thorell: Pedipalpi e scorpioni dell'Archipelago Malesi , p. 419 (Latin).
- ^ W. Meijer: Notes on wild species of Musa from Sumatra. In: Acta Botanica Neerlandica 1961, Volume 10, pp. 248-256, here p. 248, doi : 10.1111 / j.1438-8677.1961.tb00051.x .
- ↑ Carl Friedrich Roewer: Opilioniden from Sumatra. In: Zoologische Mededelingen 1924, Volume 8, No. 10, pp. 132–144, here p. 132, online PDF , 1.0 MB.
- ↑ a b c H. WC Couzijn: Revision of the genus Heterometrus, pp. 115–116.
- ↑ a b Tamerlan Thorell: Pedipalpi e scorpioni dell'Archipelago Malesi , p. 415 (Latin).
- ↑ Tamerlan Thorell: Pedipalpi e scorpioni dell'Archipelago Malesi , pp. 327-328 (Italian).
- ↑ HWC Couzijn: Revision of the genus Heterometrus, pp. 113-114.
- ↑ Gérard Dupré: Dictionary of scientific scorpion names. In: Arachnides. Bulletin de Terrariophile et de Recherche 2016, Supplement to No. 78, p. 36, Online PDF , 560 kB.
- ↑ Louis Giltay: Scorpions et pedipalps. Results scientifiques du voyage aux Indes Orientales Néerlandaises de LL. AA. RR. le Prince et la Princesse Léopold de Belgique. In: Mémoires du Musée Royal d´Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 1931, Volume 3, No. 6, pp. 1–28, here p. 9, online PDF , 2.5 MB.
- ^ Ferdinand Karsch: Scorpionological contributions. I. In: Mitteilungen des Münchener Entomologische Verein 1879, Volume 3, No. 1, pp. 6–22, here p. 20, digitized .
- ^ Karl Kraepelin: Revision of the scorpions. II. Scorpionidae and Bothriuridae. In: Messages from the Natural History Museum in Hamburg. 1893, Volume 11 (published 1894), pp. 1–248, here p. 41, digitized .
- ^ Karl Kraepelin: Scorpiones and Pedipalpi. In: Friedrich Dahl (Ed.): The animal kingdom. A compilation and identification of the recent animal forms. Published by the German Zoological Society. 8. Delivery. Arachnoid. Friedländer and Son, Berlin 1899, p. 112, digitized .
- ↑ a b H. WC Couzijn: Revision of the genus Heterometrus, pp. 116–117.
- ↑ Felix Kopstein: The Scorpions of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Based on the species present in Dutch collections, namely in the Rijks Museum in Leiden. In: Zoologische Mededeelingen 1921, Volume 6, No. 13, pp. 115–144, here pp. 132–133, online PDF , 1.7 MB.
- ^ Carl Friedrich Roewer: About a newly acquired collection of scorpions in the Senckenberg Nature Museum. In: Senckenbergiana 1943, Volume 26, No. 4, pp. 205-244, ZDB -ID 206928-3 .
- ↑ a b H. WC Couzijn: Revision of the genus Heterometrus, pp. 114–115.
- ↑ HWC Couzijn: Revision of the genus Heterometrus, pp. 111-114.
- ↑ František Kovařík: A review of the genus Heterometrus, pp. 2-4.