Musa acuminata

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Musa acuminata
Musa acuminata

Musa acuminata

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Gingery (Zingiberales)
Family : Banana family (Musaceae)
Genre : Bananas ( musa )
Type : Musa acuminata
Scientific name
Musa acuminata
Colla

The Musa acuminata is a species of banana ( Musa ) in the banana family (Musaceae).

description

Inflorescence with flowers

The description of the wild form follows:

Musa acuminata grows as an evergreen perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of about 5 meters, rarely up to 9 meters. The leaves are divided into leaf sheath, petiole and leaf blade. The pseudo-stem is formed from the leaf sheaths and has a diameter of about 25 centimeters. The stiff petiole is up to 80 centimeters long. The simple leaf blade is oblong with a length of 1.9 to 2.3 meters and a width of 50 to 70 centimeters.

The inflorescences are pendulous. The bracts are light red to dark purple, sometimes yellow at the tip. The male flowers stand in two rows of about ten each. From a botanical point of view , the banana fruits are berries , are about 9 centimeters long and contain numerous seeds. The flat, brown seeds are 5 to 6 millimeters in size.

The wild form of Musa acuminata is diploid with a chromosome number 2n = 22.

distribution

The home of Musa acuminata is in tropical Southeast Asia . Their distribution area extends over Indonesia , Malaysia , the Philippines , Myanmar and Thailand ; It is also found in the Chinese provinces of Guangxi and Yunnan, as well as in southern India and Sri Lanka .

In the meantime, Musa acuminata has been distributed worldwide in the tropics. The species Musa acuminata and its varieties are sensitive to frost and are already damaged at temperatures just below 0 ° C.

Systematics

The first description of Musa acuminata was in 1820 by the Italian botanist Luigi Colla in Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino , 25, pp. 394-395. There are several synonyms for Musa acuminata Colla : Musa cavendishii Lamb. , Musa chinensis Sweet nom. nud., Musa nana Lour. , Musa sinensis Sagot ex Baker , Musa zebrina Van Houtte ex Planch. , Musa corniculata short , Musa rumphiana short , Musa simiarum short .

One can distinguish the following subtaxa:

  • Musa acuminata subsp. acuminata : It occurs in Tanzania and from India to southern China and western Malesia.
  • Musa acuminata var. Chinensis Häkkinen & H.Wang : It occurs in southern Yunnan.
  • Musa acuminata subsp. errans (Blanco) RVValmayor : It occurs on Luzon.
  • Musa acuminata subsp. halabanensis (Meijer) M.Hotta : It occurs in Sumatra.
  • Musa acuminata subsp. malaccensis (Ridl.) NWSimmonds : It occurs on the Malay Peninsula.
  • Musa acuminata subsp. microcarpa (Becc.) NWSimmonds : It occurs on Borneo.
  • Musa acuminata subsp. siamea N.W.Simmonds : It occurs from Indochina to the Malay Peninsula.
  • Musa acuminata var. Sumatrana (Becc.) Nasution : It occurs on Sumatra.
  • Musa acuminata var. Tomentosa (Warb. Ex K.Schum.) Nasution : It occurs in northern Sulawesi.
  • Musa acuminata subsp. truncata (Ridl.) Kiev (Syn .: Musa truncata Ridl. ): It occurs on the Malay Peninsula.

use

Musa acuminata colla
Red bananas (a triploid cultivar of Musa acuminata ), which, like the rest of the dessert bananas , are used fresh

Some of the fruits used as dessert bananas or plantains come from cultivars of this type; the varieties 'Cavendish' and 'Gros Michel', for example, are triploid mutants of Musa acuminata with a chromosome number 3n = 33. In some cases, hybrids are also in culture in which Musa balbisiana was crossed. While the nominate form produces seeds and its fruits are therefore considered inedible from a practical point of view, all commercially used varieties produce seedless fruits and are therefore sterile (although partially fertile pollen is produced).

genetics

The wild form of Musa acuminata is diploid with a chromosome number 2n = 22. In 2012, the entire genome of the double-haploid strain DH-Pahang of Musa acuminata could be sequenced . It contains 523 mega base pairs on 11 chromosomes .

swell

Individual evidence

  1. First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  2. Musa acuminata in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 19, 2013.
  3. Musa acuminata at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed June 19, 2013.
  4. a b c d e f g h i j Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Musa acuminata. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 10, 2018.
  5. a b Musa (bananas, plantains) ( Memento from December 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  6. Angelique D. Hont, France Denoeud et al. a .: The banana (Musa acuminata) genome and the evolution of monocotyledonous plants. In: Nature. 2012, S., doi : 10.1038 / nature11241 (full text free).

Web links

Commons : Musa acuminata  - collection of images, videos and audio files