Natterkopf hawkweed
| Natterkopf hawkweed | ||||||||||||
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Natterkopf hawkweed ( Hieracium echioides ) |
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| Hieracium echioides | ||||||||||||
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The Natternkopf-hawkweed ( Hieracium echioides ) is a plant from the genus of hawkweed ( Hieracium ) within the family of Compositae (Asteraceae). It occurs from Central and Eastern Europe via Kazakhstan to Xinjiang .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Natterkopf hawkweed is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 25 to 100 centimeters. It forms short rhizomes . The upright stems are branched in the upper part and stand together individually or in small numbers in clusters. They are densely covered with long brown bristle hairs at the base. The bristle hairs appear sparsely in the upper part of the stem and are replaced by the numerous star-shaped hairs. Under the flower heads, the stems are hairy, densely white and downy.
At the base of the stem there are several basal leaves that fall off before the flowering period, while there are several short-stalked leaves on the lower stem and several non-stemmed leaves on the upper stem area. The leaf blade is at a length of 4-16 centimeters and a width of 0.5 to 2 centimeters lanceolate via linear-lanceolate to approximately elliptical-lanceolate with tapered Spreitenbasis and pointed or blunt Spreitenspitze. Both the underside and the upper side of the leaf are densely covered with rough and star-shaped hairs.
Generative characteristics
At least in Xinjiang, the flowering period and fruit ripening extend from June to September. The umbrella-like total inflorescence contains only a few to many cup-shaped partial inflorescences. The oval to hemispherical involucre with a diameter of 0.6 to 0.9 centimeters contains three rows of brownish gray and on the underside densely hairy bracts . The outer bracts are ovate-lanceolate with a length of 3 to 5 millimeters, while the inner bracts are elliptical-lanceolate. The flower heads contain several yellow ray-florets .
The brown achenes are approximately cylindrical with a length of about 0.22 centimeters and have ten ribs. The pappus consists of several dirty white bristle hairs that are 0.4 to 0.5 centimeters long.
Chromosome number
The basic chromosome number is x = 9; there are different degrees of ploidy (diploidy, triploidy and tetraploidy) and chromosome numbers of 2n = 18, 27 or 36 were determined.
Occurrence and endangerment
The natural range of the Natterkopf hawkweed covers large parts of Eurasia . It extends from Central , Eastern and Southeastern Europe across parts of the Middle East and Kazakhstan to the Uyghur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang .
The Natterkopf hawkweed thrives in Xinjiang in dry steppes and valleys at altitudes of up to 2000 meters.
The Natterkopf hawkweed was classified in 1996 in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in Germany in category 3 = "endangered". The occurrences in Germany represent only the westernmost outposts to the main distribution area further to the east.
Taxonomy
It was first described as Hieracium echioides in 1791 by István Lumnitzer (1750–1806) in Flora Posoniensis , number 1, page 348. Synonyms for Hieracium echioides Lumn. are Hieracium asiaticum Nägeli & Peter , Hieracium freynii Üksip , Hieracium macrocymum Üksip , Hieracium malacotrichum Üksip and Pilosella echioides F.W.Schultz & Sch.Bip.
From Hieracium echioides there are subtypes, such as:
- Hieracium echioides Lumn. subsp. echioides
- Hieracium echioides subsp. proceriforme Nägeli & Peter : It occurs in parts of Southeast and Eastern Europe.
swell
- Zhu Shi, Günter Gottschlich: Asteraceae . Pilosella. In: Wu Zheng-Yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Asteraceae. Volume 20-21. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2011, Pilosella echioides , p. 353 (English, " Pilosella echioides - Online " - this work is online with the same text). (Sections Description, Occurrence and Systematics)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Hieracium echioides Lumn., Natterkopf hawkweed. In: FloraWeb.de.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Zhu Shi, Günter Gottschlich: Asteraceae . Pilosella. In: Wu Zheng-Yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Asteraceae. Volume 20-21. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2011, Pilosella echioides , p. 353 (English, " Pilosella echioides - Online " - this work is online with the same text). (Sections Description, Occurrence and Systematics)
- ↑ Hieracium echioides at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Natterkopf hawkweed . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- ↑ a b c d Pilosella echioides (Lumn.) FW Schultz & Sch. Gdp. In: The Euro + Med PlantBase Project. www.bgbm.org, accessed on September 2, 2017 (English).
- ↑ Hieracium echioides at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved September 2, 2017.
