Hofgut Öttershausen
The Hofgut Öttershausen was an agricultural estate in the Volkach district of the same name in the district of Gaibach . Large parts of the plant were demolished in 2011.
history
The Hofgut in Öttershausen did not come into existence here until the end of the 16th century. Previously, some courtyards were assigned to a fortified front seat, which is located further south of the present-day estate. This Öttershausen Castle was exposed to frequent changes of rule during the Middle Ages , was at times desolate , but was always rebuilt. It was not until 1574 that the Öttershausen markings were dissolved and the mansion finally abandoned.
In 1563, Adolf Rau von Holzhausen is proven as a fief carrier on the estate. After his death the farm came to Valentin Echter von Mespelbrunn , who had married his sister Ottilia Rau von Holzhausen. Under his rule, the courtyard was assigned to the castle in Gaibach and the first buildings surrounded a large inner courtyard. The first buildings on the estate were built between 1590 and 1608, when the castle in Gaibach was also rebuilt.
After the Thirty Years' War , the descendants of Valentin Echter von Mespelbrunn got deeply in debt and had to sell the estate. In 1651 the ascending Counts of Schönborn acquired the real estates. They had the estate built in the 1740s, which existed in this form until 2011. Similar to the construction of the church in Gaibach, the master builder Balthasar Neumann also received the order for the estate .
Neumann wrote a letter on August 24, 1740 to the Würzburg Prince-Bishop Friedrich Karl von Schönborn , his client , in which a "(...) schidboden zu ättershaußen (...)" was mentioned. On June 14th, 1741 Neumann wrote another letter about the construction progress in Öttershausen: “(...) the building is in Ettershaußen (...), which schittbau is completely healthy and a lot is being built (...)".
The architect created by the year 1747 an ensemble with some design-related innovations equipped. With his roof constructions he anticipated the typical engineering structures of the 19th century. The construction of the Hofgut was by no means completed and new buildings were also erected in the 19th century, so that a total of eleven structures were built, which were surrounded by a wall.
The Hofgut survived the mediatization in which the smaller noble families lost their territories and remained in the possession of the Counts of Schönborn in the 19th and 20th centuries . During the Second World War, the painter Ludwig Weninger was shot while trying to escape at the Hofgut. From the mid-1980s, the facility was empty and left to decay. In 2008 the owner requested the demolition. After extensive research into the building fabric, the facility was demolished in autumn 2011. Only the preserved Schütt- and Winkelbau are still classified as a monument . Due to the ongoing decline, parts of the ceiling on the second floor collapsed in June 2020.
architecture
Before 2011 the manor consisted of a total of ten buildings grouped around an angular courtyard. It was a group of irregular solid buildings from different centuries. The complex was surrounded by an almost rectangular wall with two gates in the south and east. Today there is only the so-called angle building with a stair tower (8, 9) and the adjoining Schüttbau (10).
Buildings by Balthasar Neumann
The builder Balthasar Neumann made changes to some of the buildings in the complex. In 1741 he renewed the so-called Scheune II (7) and redesigned the angular building with the distillery (8, 9) between 1745 and 1747. The Schüttbau (10), which was attached to the Winkelbau, was completely rebuilt in 1745. Neumann based the new buildings on similar storage buildings as in Stadtlauringen or Rügheim . The roof structures were built without a distorting beam system and thus offered more space for supplies.
In 1741 the conversion of the so-called Barn II began. It originally formed the core of the manor complex and housed a palace from around 1600. The large windows with their profiled walls and volutes still reminded of the representative use . Neumann had the interior work removed and a two-aisled hall built. The roof space was given a knee-high to create more space for grain. In 2009, Barn II collapsed. Many of Neumann's modifications had already been reversed by this point.
The Schüttbau from 1745 was Neumann's only real new building, only the barrel-vaulted cellar goes back to older predecessor buildings. The Schüttbau still exists and in the past, with its three floors, it was the actual center of the facility. It ends with a third hipped roof and has two on five axes. House stones and a striking corner block form the structure of the building.
Although the Schüttbau was only built to store supplies, it has representative features with the drilled window frames and the profiled eaves . All three above-ground floors were equipped with two-aisled groin vaults . In the north-east corner, an arched two-armed staircase was built that opened up the building. In the following centuries, further changes were made to the bulk construction. So one drew in tension anchors and relief belts there.
The angular building was extensively renovated by Balthasar Neumann between 1745 and 1747. It was connected to the Schüttbau and included the estate's own distillery until the 20th century . The core of the angular construction goes back to the 16th century, the cellar was built in 1585. In the southeast, a stair tower was built, which formed the transition to Barn II. A spiral staircase was housed here, which probably does not go back to Neumann.
The builder spanned the angular and bulk building with a uniform roof structure. In addition, the rows of windows were standardized and provided with baroque frames. The angular building was vaulted with a single nave groined vault. While the southern wing four yokes had, the western with five bays was designed. The result was a uniform, representative baroque building as the center of the estate.
More buildings
All parts of the complex that were not designed by Balthasar Neumann were demolished in the 21st century. In the west was the barn III (11), a saddle roof building from 1609. The north side of the complex was occupied by the so-called stable buildings (1, 2). It was two buildings that ended with a gable roof. Both originated in the 17th and 18th centuries, but were repeatedly renewed in the following centuries.
To the east of the stables was the caretaker's house (3). It presented itself as a two-storey mansard house and, according to dendrochronological studies, could be dated to around 1765 before it was demolished. The single-storey coach house (4) with a gable roof was connected to the south . It was built in 1775. The so-called servants' house (5) from 1858 was much younger. Barn I (6) was the last building to be built in the 19th century.
literature
- Mario Dorsch: Disappeared Medieval Settlements. Desertification between Steigerwald, Main and the Volkach . Hassfurt 2013.
- Hans-Christof Haas: Balthasar Neumann's structural masterpiece discovered: the bulk buildings of the Schönborn'schen Hofgarten Öttershausen . In: Egon Johannes Greipl (Ed.): Monument Preservation Information No. 147, November 2010 . Parsdorf 2010. pp. 41-44.
- Hans-Christof Haas: Partial demolition of the Öttershausen estate . In: Egon Johannes Greipl (Ed.): Monument Information No. 151, March 2012 . Parsdorf 2012. p. 18.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dorsch, Mario: Disappeared medieval settlements . P. 132.
- ↑ Haas, Hans-Christof: Balthasar Neumann's structural masterpiece discovered . P. 41.
- ↑ Haas, Hans-Christof: Balthasar Neumann's structural masterpiece discovered . P. 42.
- ^ Haas, Hans-Christof: Partial demolition of the Öttershausen estate . P. 18.
- ↑ inSwissfrancs: Serious accident in ruin Öttershausen , accessed on 27 July 2020th
- ↑ Haas, Hans-Christof: Balthasar Neumann's structural masterpiece discovered . P. 43.
- ↑ Haas, Hans-Christof: Balthasar Neumann's structural masterpiece discovered . P. 44.
- ↑ Haas, Hans-Christof: Balthasar Neumann's structural masterpiece discovered . P. 41.
Coordinates: 49 ° 54 ′ 13.9 ″ N , 10 ° 12 ′ 55.8 ″ E