Holzdorf (Weimar)

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Wooden village
City of Weimar
Coordinates: 50 ° 56 ′ 30 ″  N , 11 ° 16 ′ 40 ″  E
Height : 345 m above sea level NN
Postal code : 99428
Area code : 03643
map
Location of Holzdorf in Weimar

Until 1994, Holzdorf was part of the then independent municipality of Legefeld , both of which are now part of Weimar as the Legefeld / Holzdorf district . The Holzdorf estate is known for its architecturally valuable mansion and a landscape park from the "early modern era ". The unique collection of paintings by French impressionists belonging to the squire Otto Krebs was brought to the Soviet Union after 1945 and was never returned. The sculptures by famous artists in the park are also no longer there.

location

Holzdorf is located southwest of the former city limits of the city of Weimar south of the federal motorway 4 in the transition of the hilly area of ​​the Ilm-Saale-Platte around Bad Berka , Hetschburg and Eichelborn to the Thuringian Basin . The Weimar – Kranichfeld railway line, known as the Ilmbahn, serves the village with one stop.

history

Beginnings until 1945

A place Halsdorf was first mentioned on July 4, 1271. In the 14th century, the Counts of Orlamünde were named as the owners of an estate. In 1333 they handed over responsibility for the village church to Oberweimar . The place then became almost completely deserted and was no longer listed in the church register of 1500.

The manor of the estate dates from 1690 to 1750. Until 1874, the estate was owned by the Weitzenberg family, direct descendants of Lucas Cranach the Elder . Subsequent owners expanded the estate. It experienced its heyday in the 1920s and 1930s under the successful Mannheim industrialist and art collector Dr. Otto Krebs (1873-1941). He acquired the estate in 1917 and then made extensive expansions and changes. The manor house became a representative mansion, with a facade cladding made of carved shingles on the outside, and splendidly decorated with gold-adorned leather wallpapers, mosaic parquet and Belgian tapestries on the inside. The extensions to the building (1920 to 1939) served to accommodate an extensive art collection that Otto Krebs created. Their focus was on valuable paintings by French Impressionists and Neo-Impressionists, including Cézannes , van Goghs and Gauguins , as well as sculptures by Degas and Maillol . It was regarded as one of the most important German private collections of paintings. Their material value was estimated (in the 1990s) at one billion German marks.

Music was also cultivated on Gut Holzdorf: In the 1920s, Adolf Busch visited the estate several times with his string quartet, and in 1930 Krebs' partner Frieda Kwast-Hodapp moved here to study. After Krebs' death she also taught here.

The garden architect Franz Wirtz from Frankfurt created an appealing landscape park of early modernity on ten hectares , with larger-than-life sculptures (including by Rodin , Meunier and Lehmbruck ), pavilions, bathing gardens with swimming ponds and bathing houses. From the mid-1920s, Krebs used the entire estate including the park for changing exhibitions of his collection. Otto Krebs died in 1941. He transferred a large part of his fortune (Strebel-Werke and other properties) to a foundation for cancer and scarlet fever research.

1945 until now

Manor of the Estate (2009)
School building from GDR times in the park (demolished 2013)

In April 1945 US troops occupied the estate. The museum director Scheidig succeeded in returning the Max Reger archive, which had been rescued from the air raids on Weimar, to Holzdorf . Only then did he discover that Otto Krebs' collection of paintings had to be located behind "safe" special vault doors in the manor cellar. At the beginning of July 1945 Marshal Tschuikow , the head of SMAD Thuringia, moved into quarters in the manor house. The estate became a supply center for the Red Army .

After the expropriation of the property and transfer to state ownership, Scheidig tried in 1946 through the President of the State of Thuringia to save the painting collection. That failed because of Chuikov's resistance: before the Soviet occupation took over the property in 1952 (probably as early as 1948), the paintings were transported to the Soviet Union. It is not certain whether the Soviet art protection officers found the complete collection. A (non-original) inventory list contained 98 paintings and 18 sculptures. Twenty paintings have now been lost, and 78 are in the archive of the Hermitage in St. Petersburg . 55 of them were shown in 1995 in a special exhibition / looted art exhibition Hidden Treasures . In March 2012, an exhibition of replicas of the paintings from the Krebs collection stolen as looted art , which were made by Petersburg artists and students, was opened on the estate .

The more valuable part of the park sculptures was transferred to the East Berlin National Gallery during the GDR period , from where they came into the possession of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation after the fall of the Wall . In 2008 she presented the sculptures to the sole heiress of cancer, the Mannheim Foundation for Cancer and Scarlet Fever Research . In June 2010, six sculptures (Degas, Rodin, de Fiori, Meunier and Heise) were auctioned at Christie's and will not return to Holzdorfer Park, where they represented a total work of art. They are estimated to be worth £ 1.3 to 2 million.

After the Soviet Army withdrew, Gut Holzdorf was used as a training center, children's home and school ( polytechnic high school with grades 5 to 10). In the 1960s, a large, three- story prefabricated building was placed in the park as a school, which was removed in spring 2013. The farm buildings belonged to an LPG during the GDR era . The owner of the property is - after it was vacant from 1993 to 1999 - the Diakonie Landgut Holzdorf gGmbH . The estate currently (2016) includes the Diakonisches Bildungsinstitut "Johannes Falk" with a school for care for the elderly, the Diakonie Weimar-Bad Lobenstein with a forest kindergarten and other youth welfare services and the Diakonie Landgut Holzdorf itself with offers for the long-term unemployed and the rental of guest rooms and the manor house .

The estate now consists of a manor house, transverse building, farm buildings and (former) administration building, as well as the park. Most of the buildings have been completely renovated. There is a Förderverein Landgut Holzdorf eV An inspection is possible on the first Sunday of the month.

traffic

The district of Holzdorf has a stop for the Ilm Valley Railway between Weimar and Bad Berka.

Holzdorf station (2017)

Special

Holzdorf also became known through a railway accident in 2003, when two railcars collided head-on on the single-track Ilm Valley Railway not far from the town, causing one death and 28 injuries, some seriously.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wolfgang Kahl : First mention of Thuringian towns and villages. A manual. 5th, improved and considerably enlarged edition. Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza 2010, ISBN 978-3-86777-202-0 , p. 127.
  2. ↑ a b Günter Wermusch , Nick Reimer : After 50 years, paintings from one of the most important German private collections have reappeared in Petersburg: "We sincerely ask for permission to recover". In: Berliner Zeitung , May 29, 1995.
  3. ↑ Memory of a unique treasure. Replicas from the Krebs collection in Holzdorf. In: Thüringische Landeszeitung , March 8, 2012.
  4. ↑ Jürgen Richter: Neglected high gentry. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , October 24, 2008.
  5. ^ Kai Mudra: In the best art company. Six sculptures from the former Krebs collection will be auctioned in London. In: Thüringer Allgemeine , from June 22, 2010.

Web links

Commons : Holzdorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files