Honningsvåg
The town of Honningsvåg ( sam. Honnesváhki , or Áváhki ) is the administrative seat of the municipality Nordkapp in the Fylke (district) Troms og Finnmark in the north of Norway . The important fishing settlement on the island of Magerøya has 2465 inhabitants (as of 2018).
The place is divided into the districts Storbukt, Klubben and Holmbukt. Store Altsula is located to the west of the port entrance .
economy
Honningsvåg is not only called at by Hurtigruten ships every day , but is also the port of call for numerous cruise ships in the summer months due to its convenient location to the North Cape , which is only about 40 kilometers away . At the same time, Valan Airport is served by the airline Widerøe .
The nearby North Cape and the associated tourism are the main source of income for the community alongside fishing . In addition, there are retail stores, hotels, restaurants, cultural institutions, a cinema, a branch of Sparebanken Nord-Norge and a petrol station. Pub Nøden, founded in the early 1960s as Café Ritz , is steeped in tradition .
Honningsvåg has had town charter since 1998 and is mistakenly considered to be the northernmost city in the world, although there are some towns further north such as Barrow, Alaska . Due to an administrative agreement between Hammerfest and Honningsvåg, the city of Hammerfest can continue to advertise with the slogan “Northernmost city in Europe”. Honningsvåg advertises with the North Cape.
history
From 1869 onwards, Honningsvåg was regularly called by steamers on the Hamburg route . It later became a Hurtigruten station . In 1902 the road to Vestersida was built . It had been discussed as early as 1878. Initially, only one path was approved, as the predominant means of transport was the boat and the road connection was felt to be unnecessary. Telegraphy and the telephone were introduced around 1910. In 1913 the postal district of Honningsvåg was established, which included ten post offices in the area. In 1904 the gymnastics and sports club was founded in Honningsvåg and a gymnasium was built in 1910. It was located on the site of today's communal building, which is still called Turn today .
Honningsvåg developed from a fishing village into an almost urban settlement. The well-developed port was able to offer coastal freighters, merchant ships from Russia and seals all necessary services and goods such as salt, oil, water, coal, repairs, but also doctors, pharmacies, ship dealers, pilots and customs. In addition, hotels and restaurants were created. In 1914 the steamship quay was completed. In 1919, Finnmark's first continuously operated cold store went into operation. It was used to cool cod and salmon. The first experiments to freeze bait had been carried out between 1889 and 1891, albeit unsuccessfully. In 1924 the state took over the hall and equipped it with a sprinkler system for freezing whole fish and bait. Frozen fish was first delivered to Hamburg in 1928 .
In 1921 a tuberculosis home was built in Honningsvåg . Since hospital beds were missing, especially in the fishing season, the Red Cross hospital ship Viking came to Honningsvåg from 1924 .
In the 1920s and 1930s, the region experienced a significant economic decline due to declining fish catches and economic crises. However, the port of Honningsvåg continued to bring income to the place, so the development for Honningsvåg was more favorable than for the surrounding area. Many residents escaped unemployment by hiring on English fishing boats. For 1937 it is documented that 373 men from Honningsvåg sailed on English ships. From 1930 the Honningsvåg Guanofabrikk produced fish meal .
In the wake of the approaching Second World War , the Honningsvåg rifle club organized a voluntary military training course on February 2, 1940. After Germany's attack on Norway on April 9, 1940, a vigilante group made up of 100 volunteers was formed that same day, most of whom were recruited from the members of the shooting club. The vigilante group hijacked three German fishing trawlers when they tried to pick up a pilot in the port of Honningsvåg. One of the cutters was allowed to continue after the radio had been dismantled. The other two served as guard boats and their crews were interned. One of the cutters later came back into German hands, the other was renamed Honningsvåg and was in use in England. However, the place Honningsvåg was also occupied by German troops and from the beginning of 1941 it was expanded into a base and base. At times between 500 and 800 soldiers stayed in the village. Soviet prisoners of war also lived here. The local commander was Captain Hebsacher . During 1942 there were several Soviet and British air raids on Honningsvåg. The worst that followed occurred on July 14, 1942. 30 people were killed, including 19 Germans and eleven Norwegians. Around 50 to 60 people were injured, and there was also property damage.
At the end of the Second World War, Honningsvåg was completely destroyed by the German Wehrmacht as part of the Nordlicht company, except for the Honningsvåg Church and the burial chapel, because of the scorched earth policy ordered by Adolf Hitler . The destruction began on November 13, 1944 and lasted until December 23, 1944.
The first residents returned in June 1945. First five residents moved into the church and began to rebuild the place. In the same month the number grew to around 20 to 30 people. The port was quickly cleared of mines by July 1945. Considerations of building the structure at a more favorable location on the mainland were not considered. The first deliveries of material arrived in August 1945. In December 1946, the first permanent buildings were completed after barracks had previously been built. The steamship quay was also restored in 1946. The construction was slowed down by a lack of material and skilled workers. At that time, German prisoners of war who were busy with mine clearance also lived in the village.
In the summer of 1946, the Norwegian King Haakon VII visited Honningsvåg on the corvette Stord .
The state cooling company Finotro was established in Honningsvåg . The private company Sifi was a continuation of the old guano factory and produced fish oil and meal from capelin . In 1947 the ice cream producer Isanlegg was founded in the village , which provides ice for fish production. During the first ten years, ice was taken from Lake Førstevann . A modern facility was then built on the steamship quay. In addition, there were facilities for handling coal and salt. In the 1950s, Honningsvåg was the fourth largest port in Norway with 5000 inlets.
In 1950/51 a new sports field was laid out. In 1955, a newly built infirmary replaced a hospital barrack that had been used temporarily until then. In 1956 the connection road to the North Cape was completed. Plans for a new hotel had been in existence since 1949 and were implemented in 1952. The building was later expanded several times and is now (as of 2011) operated by the Rica hotel chain .
Several accidents occurred in the port. Around 1960 the Hurtigruten ship Barøy missed the quay and damaged a port building. The ship was damaged in a similar incident involving the English trawler Junella in 1966.
The fishery continued to grow in the 1960s, however the industrial processing of the fish became very important and more and more people were involved in processing and less and less in catching. In 1962 the Norfi factory was built, in which up to 170 people worked. Fish meal and oil were produced in two plants. In addition to capelin, herring and saithe were also processed there. However, processing of herring ended in 1969. From 1965 to 1985, large quantities of winter and summer tassel were caught and half a million hectoliters of fish oil were produced over many years. Then, however, an economic downturn set in, which was particularly marked by a crisis in the fishing industry.
In 1991 the company Frionar Polar , the former Finotro , which had since gone bankrupt, was taken over by Stofi . Parts of the buildings were demolished. A representative of the Norwegian Coastal Administration was newly established. The fishing school was expanded and the Klubbskærmolo pier built. After improvements in the tourist infrastructure at the North Cape, the number of tourists increased significantly. The increasing cruise tourism to the North Cape resulted in Honningsvåg becoming an important port for cruise ships.
Buildings and monuments
The oldest building in the village and in the entire Nordkapp municipality is Honningsvåg Church, built in 1886 . The building stone Honningsvåg in front of the church commemorates the war victims of the Nordkapp municipality . The North Cape Museum is located in the village . The listed service stations Honningsvåg are located in the harbor area . There is also the Bamse statue for the ship's dog Bamse and the sculpture Skårungen in a park east of Storgata . The Knut Erik Jensen statue stands above the village .
Personalities
- Håkon Kyllingmark (1915–2003), politician, a. a. Defense Minister
- Knut Erik Jensen (* 1940), film director
- Idar Kristiansen (1932–1985), writer
Web links
- Official website of the municipality of Nordkapp (Norwegian)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Tettsteders following og areal. Statistics Norway, December 3, 2018, accessed March 1, 2019 (Norwegian).
- ↑ Einar Richter-Hanssen: Nordkapp: Gate to the Arctic Ocean . Arctic Souvenir AS, Honnigsvåg 2011, ISBN 978-82-998690-0-3 , p. 112 .
- ↑ Einar Richter-Hanssen: Nordkapp: Gate to the Arctic Ocean . Arctic Souvenir AS, Honnigsvåg 2011, ISBN 978-82-998690-0-3 , p. 118 .
- ↑ Einar Richter-Hanssen: Nordkapp: Gate to the Arctic Ocean . Arctic Souvenir AS, Honnigsvåg 2011, ISBN 978-82-998690-0-3 , p. 3 .
- ↑ Einar Richter-Hanssen: Nordkapp: Gate to the Arctic Ocean . Arctic Souvenir AS, Honnigsvåg 2011, ISBN 978-82-998690-0-3 , p. 32 .
- ↑ Einar Richter-Hanssen: Nordkapp: Gate to the Arctic Ocean . Arctic Souvenir AS, Honnigsvåg 2011, ISBN 978-82-998690-0-3 , p. 19 .
- ↑ Einar Richter-Hanssen: Nordkapp: Gate to the Arctic Ocean . Arctic Souvenir AS, Honnigsvåg 2011, ISBN 978-82-998690-0-3 , p. 22 .
- ↑ Einar Richter-Hanssen: Nordkapp: Gate to the Arctic Ocean . Arctic Souvenir AS, Honnigsvåg 2011, ISBN 978-82-998690-0-3 , p. 23 .
- ↑ Einar Richter-Hanssen: Nordkapp: Gate to the Arctic Ocean . Arctic Souvenir AS, Honnigsvåg 2011, ISBN 978-82-998690-0-3 , p. 21 .
- ↑ Einar Richter-Hanssen: Nordkapp: Gate to the Arctic Ocean . Arctic Souvenir AS, Honnigsvåg 2011, ISBN 978-82-998690-0-3 , p. 44 .
- ↑ Einar Richter-Hanssen: Nordkapp: Gate to the Arctic Ocean . Arctic Souvenir AS, Honnigsvåg 2011, ISBN 978-82-998690-0-3 , p. 33 .
- ↑ Einar Richter-Hanssen: Nordkapp: Gate to the Arctic Ocean . Arctic Souvenir AS, Honnigsvåg 2011, ISBN 978-82-998690-0-3 , p. 34 .
- ↑ Einar Richter-Hanssen: Nordkapp: Gate to the Arctic Ocean . Arctic Souvenir AS, Honnigsvåg 2011, ISBN 978-82-998690-0-3 , p. 43 f .
- ↑ Einar Richter-Hanssen: Nordkapp: Gate to the Arctic Ocean . Arctic Souvenir AS, Honnigsvåg 2011, ISBN 978-82-998690-0-3 , p. 88 f .
- ↑ Einar Richter-Hanssen: Nordkapp: Gate to the Arctic Ocean . Arctic Souvenir AS, Honnigsvåg 2011, ISBN 978-82-998690-0-3 , p. 90 .
- ↑ Einar Richter-Hanssen: Nordkapp: Gate to the Arctic Ocean . Arctic Souvenir AS, Honnigsvåg 2011, ISBN 978-82-998690-0-3 , p. 83 .
- ↑ Einar Richter-Hanssen: Nordkapp: Gate to the Arctic Ocean . Arctic Souvenir AS, Honnigsvåg 2011, ISBN 978-82-998690-0-3 , p. 119 .
- ↑ Einar Richter-Hanssen: Nordkapp: Gate to the Arctic Ocean . Arctic Souvenir AS, Honnigsvåg 2011, ISBN 978-82-998690-0-3 , p. 96 .
- ↑ Einar Richter-Hanssen: Nordkapp: Gate to the Arctic Ocean . Arctic Souvenir AS, Honnigsvåg 2011, ISBN 978-82-998690-0-3 , p. 119 .
Coordinates: 70 ° 59 ′ N , 25 ° 59 ′ E