Horn sorrel

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Horn sorrel
Horned wood sorrel (Oxalis corniculata)

Horned wood sorrel ( Oxalis corniculata )

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Wood sorrel (Oxalidales)
Family : Wood sorrel family (Oxalidaceae)
Genre : Wood sorrel ( Oxalis )
Type : Horn sorrel
Scientific name
Oxalis corniculata
L.

The Oxalis corniculata ( Oxalis corniculata ), and horned sorrel or Hornfrüchtiger sorrel called, is a species of the genus sorrel ( Oxalis ).

description

Illustration from Flora Batava ... Volume 18

The horny sorrel is an annual to perennial herbaceous plant that rarely grows over 20 cm high. The short main shoot forms creeping side shoots that are 10 to 40 cm long and often take root at the nodes. The almost always alternate, stalked leaves are fingered in three parts and often reddish-brown in color. The sessile leaflets are inverted heart-shaped and can be folded down at a basal joint. The 1.5 to 2 mm long stipules are very small and grown together with the petiole.

A few flowers stand together in a golden inflorescence with a thin, 1 to 8 cm long inflorescence stem and two to many 2 to 4 mm long bracts . The hermaphrodite, radially symmetrical flower is five-fold. The five hairy, greenish sepals are 2 to 5 mm long. The five yellow petals are 4 to 10 mm long. There are two circles with five stamens each. Of the smooth stamens , the longest are as long as the sepals. Five carpels have become a top permanent ovary grown. The hairy stylus is about 5 mm long. The flowering period extends from May to October.

The mostly 9 to 17 (4 to 25) millimeter long, densely hairy capsule fruit contains one to many (usually 5 to 14) seeds in each compartment. The six brown transverse ribs of the approximately 1.3 × 0.8 mm large, elliptical to egg-shaped, flat, red-brown seeds have no, less often indistinct gray or white lines.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24 or 48.

ecology

The horned wood sorrel lives as a therophyte or rhizome geophyte , then it winters with a taproot. The plant is often covered in red to protect it from light. Stomata can be found on both the top and bottom of the leaves.

The intensely golden yellow colored flowers are only open in direct sunlight. The pollination occurs u. a. by bees .

The diaspores are relatively often carried onto trees by ants , for example on palm trees in the Mediterranean region .

Occurrence

The horned wood sorrel originally comes from the Mediterranean region. In Central Europe he is a neophyte or an archaeophyte . Today it is spread all over the world. It is sensitive to frost and is therefore mostly absent in the low mountain ranges . In Central Europe it is a character species of the order Plantaginetalia, but also occurs in societies of the order Polygono-Chenopodietalia.

This warmth-loving, drought- resistant species has spread widely in gardens and pavement joints in recent years; but you can also find them in flower pots or between stone slabs.

Systematics

The first publication of Oxalis corniculata was by Carl von Linné . Of Oxalis corniculata L. there are a number of synonyms : Acetosella corniculata (L.) Kuntze , Oxalis corniculata f. erecta Makino , Oxalis corniculata subsp. repens (Thunb.) Masamune , Oxalis corniculata var. repens (Thunb.) Zucc. , Oxalis corniculata subsp. subglabra (Kuntze) Masamune , Oxalis corniculata var. taiwanensis Masamune , Oxalis minima Steudel , Oxalis procumbens Steudel , Oxalis repens Thunb. , Oxalis repens var. Erecta (Makino) Masamune , Oxalis repens f. speciosa Masamune , Oxalis taiwanensis (Masamune) Masamune , Xanthoxalis corniculata (L.) Small , Xanthoxalis corniculata var. repens (Thunb.) Nakai , Xanthoxalis repens (Thunb.) Moldenke . This list also shows that the variety is not generally recognized.

According to some authors, there are two varieties of the species Oxalis corniculata :

  • Oxalis corniculata L. var. Corniculata
  • Oxalis corniculata var. Repens (Thunb.) Zucc. : The occasionally as a separate species Oxalis repens Thunb. The delimited variety has only one to two flowers per inflorescence, 10 to 16 millimeter long capsules and 6 to 12 millimeter long partial leaves.

use

In particular, the visually attractive variety atropurpurea with its reddish leaves and bright yellow flowers is used for garden culture, such as for carpet beds, planting rock groups or for decorating potted plants. In Vilmorin's flower nursery (1896) the advantages and disadvantages of Oxalis corniculata are described as follows:

“The purple variety is a very excellent plant, almost indispensable for decorating arid ground surfaces, groups of stones, grottos, ruins, old walls, which even settles in the floor joints of paved paths, on gravel paths etc. and can become an annoying weed in the garden. Care is limited to keeping in check. "

It was used as an "emergency alarm" because it wilts immediately when the ground is too dry.

photos

  • Habit with typical purple-brown coloring

  • Stem with deciduous leaf stalks and cup-shaped stipules

  • Foliage leaf

  • Blossom from the side

  • Blossom from above

  • Fruits with turned back stems and longer, protruding and short downward hairs

  • Seed

swell

  • Horn sorrel. In: FloraWeb.de. (Section description)
  • Quanru Liu, Mark Watson: Oxalidaceae. Oxalis corniculata. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China. Volume 11: Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2008, ISBN 978-1-930723-73-3 , p. 3. (Sections Description and Systematics).
  • S. Demuth: Oxalidaceae, sorrel family. In: O. Sebald, S. Seybold, G. Philippi (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 4, Ulmer, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-8001-3315-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , p. 623.
  2. ↑ a b c Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  3. ↑ Quanru Liu, Mark Watson: Oxalidaceae. Oxalis corniculata. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China. Volume 11: Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2008, ISBN 978-1-930723-73-3 , p. 3.
  4. ↑ Encke, Fritz: Parey's flower gardening. Description, culture and use of all ornamental horticultural plants . In: Publisher: Berlin, Hamburg: Paul Parey, 1958 . 1958.
  5. ↑ A. Siebert, A. Voß, A. Vilmorin: Vilmorin's flower gardening. Description, culture and use of all plant material for German gardens. 3rd edition, volume 1. In: Paul Parey publishing house, Berlin: 162 . 1896.
  6. ↑ Plants with invasive potential in botanical gardens V: Oxalis corniculata (horned wood sorrel, Oxalidaceae). In: Jacqueline Mößlacher, Natural Science Association for Carinthia, Austria. 2013, accessed September 5, 2019 .

Web links

Commons : Wood sorrel ( Oxalis corniculata )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files