Doggugel
The Hundsgugel is a medieval European helmet type that developed from the basin hood in the middle of the 14th century . Until around 1420, the Hundsgugel was the preferred helmet shape for knights and knightly warriors, but it was also used by wealthier non-knightly warriors. The name is derived from the visor, which resembles a dog's snout, and the cowl .
description
The Hundsgugel consists of a pool hood , which is provided with a visor that can be opened upwards . The long, tapered visor is reminiscent of a dog's snout, while the tapering basin hood is reminiscent of a cowl , a headgear common at the time. The tapered pelvic hood and the conically tapered visor made blows and stitches slide off the helmet more easily and thus reduced the impact on the wearer's head, and the protruding visor made breathing easier. Dog balls have also been handed down with rounded visors.
Like the basin hood, the Hundsgugel was also provided with a chain mesh to protect the neck and neck area. Until the second half of the 15th century , the Hundsgugel was replaced by other types of helmets, such as Armet and Schaller .
This type of helmet is shown in detail on numerous medieval miniatures, glass windows, gravestones and epitaphs . Often the knights or servants only wear the basin hood or the visors are open.
The clamps for attaching the helmet well made of armored rings can usually be seen on the helmet edges. The finer holes under the clamps were used to attach the helmet lining. Sometimes the helmet runs out in a feather sleeve (Coburg, Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe). In the Coburg example, the visor is connected to the helmet by means of a hinge in the middle of the forehead. However, it is more common to attach it to the side using pivot bolts or screws.
Original copies received
Original medieval dog balls have been preserved in large numbers and can be found in many weapon or armament collections. A well-preserved and high-quality copy (German, shortly before or around 1400) is in the art collections of Veste Coburg . Apart from some old traces of plastering and a small tear on the right edge of the helmet bell, the object shows no significant damage to the metal surface.
Other German dog balls own u. a. the Higgins Armory Museum (Worcester, MA), the Germanic National Museum in Nuremberg , the Cologne City Museum and the German Historical Museum Berlin .
Examples of Italian origin are kept in the Bavarian Army Museum in Ingolstadt , the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna and the Metropolitan Museum in New York City . One of the best-known examples is the Italian cowl of a bailiff of Matsch on the Churburg in South Tyrol . A French cowl can be found in the holdings of the British Museum in London .
Pictorial representations
Historical image sources on the way of wearing and using the Hundsgugel are the wall paintings from around 1390–1410 at Runkelstein Castle near Bozen , particularly the duel between Tristan and Morold.
literature
- Wendelin Boeheim : Handbook of the armory. The historical development of the weapon system from the beginning of the Middle Ages to the end of the 18th century . Seemann, 1890, ZDB -ID 53757-3 , p. 35-36 ( dwds.de ).
Web links
- Hundsgugel with measuring sheet from the collection of the Bavarian Army Museum
- Dog balls on Europeana
Individual evidence
- ↑ Inventory number II.A.1
- ↑ Fig. In: Alfred Geibig: Dangerous and beautiful. A selection of historical weapons from the holdings of the art collections of Veste Coburg . Art collections of the Veste Coburg, Coburg 1996, ISBN 978-3-87472-088-5 .