Hat hill

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Hat hill Cottage hill
Hat hill 3.jpg
Huthügel (Thuringia)
Red pog.svg
Coordinates 51 ° 20 '12 "  N , 11 ° 21' 26.6"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 20 '12 "  N , 11 ° 21' 26.6"  E
place Kalbsrieth , Thuringia , Germany
Emergence Neolithic

The Huthügel (also called Häuschenhügel ) is a burial mound of the end-Neolithic Cord Ceramic Culture (2800–2200 BC) near Kalbsrieth in the Kyffhäuserkreis , Thuringia . In 1901 an archaeological excavation took place under the direction of the archaeologist Armin Möller (1865–1938), which was published in 1912. The finds from the hill are now in the Museum of Prehistory and Early History of Thuringia in Weimar (inventory no. H 2040–2045).

location

The hill is located 1.3 km east-southeast of Kalbsrieth on an elevated terrain directly on a dirt road. Another burial mound, Derfflinger Hügel, is located 800 m to the south . This was used as a burial place for several millennia, including by members of the Cord Ceramic culture. Further ceramic burials were discovered in at least five places in the vicinity: On the parcel “In der Loh” 3 km east-south-east of Kalbsrieth, south-east on the way to Schönewerda , 2.5 km south-east of the village in the gravel pit Klasing am Rabenhüttenhügel, in one Another gravel pit between Kalbsrieth and Schönewerda and in a gravel pit east of the way to Artern . There are also individual finds from several locations in the municipality.

Surname

The name of the hill probably goes back to a small hut that a shepherd had built there and the remains of which Möller was able to locate when he examined the hill.

Research history

Between July and October 1901, Armin Möller, curator of the Stadtmuseum Weimar , carried out extensive excavations on the neighboring Derfflinger Hügel for six weeks and also examined the Huthügel on this occasion. Both excavations were published in 1912.

description

The hill

Cross section of the hill

The subsoil under the hill consists of humus interspersed with sand and limestone . A layer of gravel begins at a depth of around 40 cm . The mound consists of the same material as the surrounding earth. A darker colored layer runs between the naturally existing layer of earth and the mound.

In the course of the separation in the 19th century, the edges of the hill, with the exception of the south side, were trimmed, so that it now has an approximately square floor plan with a length of 27 m and a width of 26.15 m. However, the removal of material is likely to have been minimal and the former diameter of the originally round hill should not have significantly exceeded its current dimensions. The height of the hill is now 2.55 m. The surface is very irregular. Möller was unable to detect any major artificial interventions (with the exception of a possible subsequent burial and the hut).

Finds and Findings

Finds from the hill. 20–21: arrowheads, 20a – 21a: arrowheads enlarged, 22: cup with string decoration, 23: faceted ax, 24: cup from a subsequent burial

The original burial was in the center of the hill. An oval, east-west oriented pit with a depth of 55 cm and almost vertical walls was sunk into the adjacent ground. There were no stone surrounds or fixtures. The dead lay in a crouched position on their left side; the head pointed west. A closer examination of the skeleton did not take place because it was destroyed "by jacks' hands" in the night after it was discovered, despite being secured by bags and earth. The only grave goods found directly on the skeleton were two triangular arrowheads that lay between the knees and the right elbow.

4.5 m east of the grave a stone block of coal quartzite with a length of 90 cm, a width of 55 cm and a thickness of 30 cm was discovered at ground level. Directly below was a faceted ax made of gray-green serpentine . It was 17.3 cm long, 5.1 cm wide and 4.3 cm thick.

Another stone lay 3.75 m west of the grave, also at ground level. It was a sandstone slab with a length of 55 cm and a thickness of 25 cm. Below her, in a small pit, was a beaker decorated with string. It was 9.3 cm high and 5 cm in diameter at the bottom, 8.4 cm at the belly and 7 cm at the mouth. A small piece of iron ocher was found next to the beaker , which crumbled during the recovery but was still kept.

It could not be clearly established whether the two findings are directly related to the main grave. But since they were found at the same height, this is very likely.

Above the main grave, about 50 cm below the hilltop, an only partially preserved cup was discovered. It still consists of the lower part with a pronounced belly and shoulder bend and the approach of a handle. The diameter of the vessel is 5.2 cm at the bottom and 10.6 cm at the widest point. The cup is likely to be assigned to the Early Bronze Age Aunjetitz culture (2300 BC – 1550 BC).

Möller was able to make out remains of the eponymous hut, which was probably built in the 19th century or earlier, on the northwest side of the hill at a depth of 40 cm. There he found some angular limestones, a pot preserved in remains and other ceramic shards.

The hill in regional sagas

Independent legends about the Huthügel have not survived. However, the legend of the neighboring Derfflinger Hügel is known that a carriage with headless horses is supposed to drive past the nearby path . This was also occasionally reported on the path that leads past the Huthügel.

literature

  • Armin Möller : Derfflinger Hügel near Kalbsrieth (Grand Duchy of Saxony). A Thuringian necropolis from the Unstruttal from the Stone Age to the introduction of Christianity used (= commemorative publication for the 43rd general meeting of the German Anthropological Society August 4-8, 1912 in Weimar. Issue 3). Fischer, Jena 1912 ( online ).
  • Waldemar Matthias : Catalogs on Central German Cord Ceramics. Volume 4. South Harz-Unstrut area. Ulrich Fischer dedicated to the leading specialist in the field of string ceramics research on the occasion of his 60th birthday on July 3, 1975 in a collegial bond (= publications of the State Museum for Prehistory in Halle. Volume 28). Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1974, pp. 148–150.
  • Sven Ostritz (Ed.): Kyffhäuserkreis (= Archaeological Hiking Guide Thuringia. Volume 13). Beier & Beran, 2012, Langenweißbach 2012, ISBN 978-3-941171-58-9 , p. 128.
  • Andreas Sattler : The graves of the Aunjetitz culture in the Saale region. On the ritual of the dead based on the older findings (= university research on prehistoric archeology. Volume 267). Habelt, Bonn 2015, ISBN 978-3-7749-3941-7 , pp. 122–123.

Web links

Commons : Hat Hill  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Waldemar Matthias: Catalogs on Central German Cord Ceramics. Volume 4. South Harz-Unstrut area. 1974, pp. 148-150.
  2. ↑ Waldemar Matthias: Catalogs on Central German Cord Ceramics. Volume 4. South Harz-Unstrut area. 1974, pp. 150-152.
  3. ↑ Waldemar Matthias: Catalogs on Central German Cord Ceramics. Volume 4. South Harz-Unstrut area. 1974, pp. 150, 152-153.
  4. ↑ Waldemar Matthias: Catalogs on Central German Cord Ceramics. Volume 4. South Harz-Unstrut area. 1974, pp. 153-154.
  5. ↑ a b Armin Möller: Derfflinger Hügel near Kalbsrieth (Grand Duchy of Saxony). 1912, p. 70.
  6. ↑ Armin Möller: Derfflinger Hügel near Kalbsrieth (Grand Duchy of Saxony). 1912, pp. 6, 71.
  7. ↑ Armin Möller: Derfflinger Hügel near Kalbsrieth (Grand Duchy of Saxony). 1912, pp. 70-71.
  8. ↑ Armin Möller: Derfflinger Hügel near Kalbsrieth (Grand Duchy of Saxony). 1912, p. 71.
  9. ↑ Armin Möller: Derfflinger Hügel near Kalbsrieth (Grand Duchy of Saxony). 1912, pp. 71-72.
  10. ↑ Armin Möller: Derfflinger Hügel near Kalbsrieth (Grand Duchy of Saxony). 1912, p. 72.
  11. ↑ Armin Möller: Derfflinger Hügel near Kalbsrieth (Grand Duchy of Saxony). 1912, pp. 72-73.
  12. ↑ Armin Möller: Derfflinger Hügel near Kalbsrieth (Grand Duchy of Saxony). 1912, p. 73.
  13. ↑ Armin Möller: Derfflinger Hügel near Kalbsrieth (Grand Duchy of Saxony). 1912, pp. 73-74.
  14. ↑ Armin Möller: Derfflinger Hügel near Kalbsrieth (Grand Duchy of Saxony). 1912, pp. 2, 70.