Ibn Tufail

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Ibn Tufail (* around 1106 in Wadi-Asch ( Guadix ) near Granada ; † 1185 in Marrakech ), with full name Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Muhammad ibn Tufail al-Qaisi al-Andalusi ( Arabic أبو بكر محمد بن عبدالملك بن محمد بن طفيل القيسي الأندلسي, DMG Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Muḥammad ibn Ṭufaīl al-Qaīsī al-Andalusī ), Latinized Abubacer , was an Arabic - Andalusian philosopher , astronomer , doctor , mathematician and Sufi ( Islamic mystic ). He is the author of the island philosophical novel Ḥayy ibn Yaqżān .

Life

Little is known of the life of this scholar. He came from Guadix and is said to have settled as a doctor in Granada after studying medicine , mathematics and astronomy . Ibn Tufail's teacher-disciple family tree can be traced back to Aḥmad al-Ġazālī . He was later called to Marrakech by the Almohad ruler Abu Yaqub Yusuf I (1163–1184) and appointed personal physician and vizier . There he met Averroes (Ibn Ruschd), whom he introduced to the Sultan . Averroes was interested in at that time for the philosophy of Aristotle , but because the political situation at that time were difficult, he dared in the conversation until the end of his interest in Aristotle to express. He also dealt with Avicenna's philosophy . He also took up its mystical expression.

In addition to a medical didactic poem, the tract Ḥayy ibn Yaqżān (“The Philosopher as Autodidact”) is the only surviving work by him. The treatise has the same title as an allegorical story by Avicenna and is one of the most important works of Arabic philosophy and literature. The work can be described as an educational or development novel; it is also said to have been a template for Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe . The novel is about a boy who is raised by a gazelle. Surrounded only by nature and animals, he grows up on a lonely island and achieves the knowledge of the omnipotence of God by the age of 50 .

The astronomer Nūraddīn al-Biṭrūġi was a student of Ibn Tufail. M. Hayoun assumes a strong influence on Maimonides by Ibn Tufail.

literature

  • OV Best: Afterword , in: Ibn Tufail: Der Ur-Robinson. Translated and with an afterword by Otto F. Best. Matthes & Seitz, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-88221-367-1 , pp. 171-232 (with many references to the history of its impact).
  • JC Bürgel: Ibn Tufayl and His Hayy Ibn Yaqzan. A Turning Point in Arabic Philosophical Writing. In: Salma Khadra Jayyusi, Manuela Marin (Ed.): The Legacy of Muslim Spain. Leiden, London 1992, pp. 830-46.
  • Lawrence I. Conrad (Ed.): The world of Ibn Ṭufayl: interdisciplinary perspectives on Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān. EJ Brill, Leiden, New York, Cologne 1996 (=  Islamic philosophy and theology. Vol. 24), ISBN 90-04-10135-7 .
  • TJ DeBoer: History of Philosophy in Islam. Frommanns, Stuttgart 1901, pp. 160-164. ( Excerpt online )
  • H. Fradkin: The Political Thought of Ibn Tufayl. In: C. Butterworth (Ed.): The Political Aspects of Islamic Philosophy, Essays in Honor of Muhsin S. Mafidi. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. 1992, pp. 234-261.
  • Eckhard Hallemann:  Ibn Tufail. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 2, Bautz, Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-032-8 , Sp. 1244-1245.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • SC Inati: Art. Ibn Tufayl, Abu Bakr Muhammad , in: Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy .
  • M. Mahdi: Philosophical literature. In: MJ Young, JD Latham, RB Serjeant (Eds.): The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature. II .: Religion, learning and science in the ʿAbbasid period. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, London 1990, ISBN 0-521-32763-6 , pp. 76-105, here 87ff.
  • Josef Puig Montada: Philosophy in Andalusia: Ibn Bājja and Ibn Tufayl. In: Peter Adamson, Richard C. Taylor (Eds.): The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, New York 2005, ISBN 0-521-52069-X , pp. 155-79, here 165ff.
  • Ulrich Rudolph: Islamic Philosophy. From the beginning to the present. CH Beck, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-406-50852-9 , pp. 65-69.
  • MM Sharif: chap. 27 (PDF file; 1.0 MB). In: Ders .: A History of Muslim Philosophy. Harrasowitz, Wiesbaden 1963.
  • Tom Verde: Hayy was here, Robinson Crusoe

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Araş. Brat. Bedrettin AYTAÇ: Hayy ibn Yaqzän: A novel of development in Arabic literature of the 12th century.
  2. ↑ Portrait of the author on: Patric O. Schaerer (Ed.): Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail, The philosopher as autodidact. Hayy ibn Yaqzan. A philosophical island novel. Meiner, Hamburg 2004 (= Philosophical Library. Volume 558); 2nd, revised edition with supplemented bibliography, ibid 2019, ISBN 978-3-7873-3640-1 (with translation, introduction and notes by the editor).
  3. ^ Introduction to the Schaerer translation of Der Philosopher als Autodidakt , Hamburg 2009, p. LVII.
  4. ↑ Dimitri Gutas : Ibn Ṭufayl on Ibn Sīnā's Eastern Philosophy. In: Oriens. Volume 34, 1994, pp. 222-241.
  5. ↑ Bernd Radtke : How Can Man Reach the Mystical Union? Ibn Ṭufayl and the Divine Spark. In: Lawrence Irvin Conrad : The World of Ibn Ṭufayl. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān . Leiden / New York / Cologne (= Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies . Volume 24), pp. 165–194.
  6. ↑ Schaerer 2009 p. LXXI f.
personal data
SURNAME Tufail, Ibn
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tufail al-Qasi, Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Malik Muhammad Ibn (full name); Abdubacer
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Arab-Andalusian philosopher, astronomer, doctor and mathematician
DATE OF BIRTH around 1106
PLACE OF BIRTH Wadi-Asch ( Guadix ) near Granada
DATE OF DEATH 1185
Place of death Marrakech