Idaea (genus)
Idaea | ||||||||||||
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Broad-banded perennial spanner ( Idaea aversata ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Idaea | ||||||||||||
Treitschke , 1825 |
Idaea is a species-rich genus from the butterfly family of Spanner (Geometridae). In Europe there are over 100 species, in Central Europe there are still around 36. The main distribution of the genus, however, is in the African savannas, the arid regions of Central Asia and the Mediterranean.
features
The front wings of the moths are usually relatively narrow. The hind wings are usually very similar to the forewings in drawing and color. With a few exceptions, the hind wings are not bent or tailed. The front transverse line is missing on them, but the middle transverse line is relatively close to the root. The eyes are relatively large in relation to closely related genera. The forehead is flat and smooth. A proboscis is usually present; however, he has the trend towards reduction. The tympanic organs show no sexual dimorphism as in many closely related genera.
The eggs mostly show a reticulate surface pattern, with others the longitudinal lines are somewhat stronger than the transverse lines.
The caterpillars are relatively stocky in many species, with strong transverse constrictions and lateral keels. In many species they develop extremely slowly (sometimes up to 12 months).
The doll has six hook-shaped, very thin bristles on the cremaster .
Occurrence and habitat
The genus is widespread around the world, but the main areas of diversity are in the Mediterranean, the African savannas and the arid regions of Central Asia. Most species can therefore be described as thermophilic, preferring more dry areas.
Phenology and way of life
The species in the genus are plurivoltin to univoltin . The moths are generally very local and do not move far from their original habitat. Some species are diurnal or diurnal and crepuscular. They are attracted to artificial light sources. The caterpillars are mostly polyphagous , but prefer dried or wilting parts of the plant. Few species are detritus or seed eater. If a winter break is taken, overwintering takes place as a caterpillar.
Systematics
The genus was proposed by Georg Friedrich Treitschke in 1825 . The type species of the genus Idaea is Idaea aversata ( Linnaeus , 1758). Only two months later Jacob Huebner proposed the genus Sterrha with Geometra sericeata Huebner as a type species. Since this species is very closely related to Idaea aversata and can be placed in the same genus, Sterrha is a younger, subjective synonym of Idaea . However, the name of the subfamily and the tribe, Sterrhinae Meyrick, 1892 and Sterrhini, respectively, is based on this name. Since these have found general recognition, they must not be replaced by names based on Idaea . In total there are about 30 younger synonyms for Idaea . 123 European species of the genus are listed in the Lepiforum, Hausmann names 107 European species. Overall, the genus should contain around 680 species.
List of European species (according to Lepiforum):
- Idaea abnormal ( Pinker , 1960)
- Idaea acutipennis Hausmann & Honey , 2004
- Idaea albarracina ( Reisser , 1934)
- Idaea albitorquata ( Püngeler , 1909)
- Idaea alicantaria ( Reisser , 1963)
- Idaea alyssumata ( Himmighoffen & Millière , 1871)
- Idaea atlantica ( Stainton , 1859)
- Idaea attenuaria ( Rambur , 1833)
- Golden-yellow low -grass dwarf species ( Idaea aureolaria ( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775))
- Broad-banded perennial spanner ( Idaea aversata ( Linnaeus , 1758))
- Idaea bacalladoi ( Pinker , 1974)
- Idaea belemiata ( Millière , 1868)
- Idaea bigladiata Herbulot , 1975
- Broad-lined dwarf spanner ( Idaea biselata ( Hufnagel , 1767))
- Idaea blaesii Lenz & Hausmann , 1992
- Idaea calunetaria ( Staudinger , 1859)
- Idaea camparia ( Herrich-Schäffer , 1852)
- Idaea carvalhoi Herbulot , 1979
- Idaea cervantaria ( Millière , 1869)
- Idaea charitata ( Rebel , 1914)
- Idaea circuitaria ( Huebner , 1819)
- Idaea completa ( Staudinger , 1892)
- Idaea consanguiberica Rezbanyai-Reser & Expósito , 1992
- Idaea consanguinaria ( Lederer , 1853)
- Idaea consolidata ( Lederer , 1853)
- Idaea contiguaria ( Huebner , 1799)
- Idaea curvata Weisert , 2005
- Idaea davidi Gaston & Redondo , 2005
- Two-colored double-line dwarf tensioner ( Idaea degeneraria ( Hübner , 1799))
- Idaea deitanaria ( Reisser & Weisert , 1977)
- Idaea descitaria ( Christoph , 1893)
- Idaea determinata ( Staudinger , 1876)
- Idaea deversaria ( Herrich-Schäffer , 1847)
- Monochrome dwarf fly ( Idaea dilutaria ( Hübner , 1799))
- Brown-angled dwarf tensioner ( Idaea dimidiata ( Hufnagel , 1767))
- Idaea distinctaria ( Boisduval , 1840)
- Idaea dromikos Hausmann , 2004
- Idaea efflorata ( Zeller , 1849)
- Idaea elongaria ( Rambur , 1833)
- Jagged-edged dwarf species ( Idaea emarginata ( Linnaeus , 1758))
- Idaea eugeniata ( Millière , 1870)
- Idaea exilaria ( Guenée , 1858)
- Idaea figuraria ( A. Bang-Haas , 1907)
- Idaea filicata ( Huebner , 1799)
- Idaea flaveolaria ( Huebner , 1809)
- Idaea fractilineata ( Zeller , 1847)
- Idaea fuerteventurensis ( Pinker , 1974)
- Gray-edged dwarf fly ( Idaea fuscovenosa ( Goeze , 1781))
- Brown-rimmed dwarf fly ( Idaea humiliata ( Hufnagel , 1767))
- Idaea ibizaria Mentzer , 1980
- Idaea incalcarata ( Chrétien , 1919)
- Idaea incisaria ( Staudinger , 1892)
- Idaea inclinata ( Lederer , 1855)
- Idaea infirmaria ( Rambur , 1833)
- Hay flyworm ( Idaea inquinata ( Scopoli , 1763))
- Idaea intermedia ( Staudinger , 1879)
- Idaea joannisiata ( Homberg , 1911)
- Idaea korbi ( Püngeler , 1917)
- Idaea laevigata ( Scopoli , 1763)
- Idaea leipnitzi Hausmann , 2004
- Idaea libycata ( Bartel , 1906)
- Idaea litigiosaria ( Boisduval , 1840)
- Idaea longaria ( Herrich-Schäffer , 1852)
- Idaea lusohispanica Herbulot , 1991
- Idaea luteolaria ( Constant , 1863)
- Idaea lutulentaria ( Staudinger , 1892)
- Idaea macilentaria ( Herrich-Schäffer , 1847)
- Idaea maderae ( Bethune-Baker , 1891)
- Idaea mancipiata ( Staudinger , 1871)
- Idaea manicaria ( Herrich-Schäffer , 1851)
- Idaea mediaria ( Huebner , 1819)
- Idaea metohiensis ( Rebel , 1900)
- Idaea mimosaria ( Guenée , 1858)
- Idaea minuscularia ( Ribbe , 1912)
- Pearl-framed dwarf species ( Idaea moniliata ( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775))
- Purple stripe dwarf fly ( Idaea muricata ( Hufnagel , 1767))
- Idaea mustelata ( Gumppenberg , 1892)
- Idaea mutilata ( Staudinger , 1876)
- Idaea neglecta Hausmann & Werno , 2003
- Idaea nevadata ( Wehrli , 1926)
- Idaea nexata ( Huebner , 1813)
- Idaea nigra Hausmann & Bläsius , 2007
- Idaea nigrolineata ( Chrétien , 1911)
- Idaea nitidata ( Herrich-Schäffer , 1861)
- Idaea obliquaria ( Turati , 1913)
- Idaea obsoletaria ( Rambur , 1833)
- Idaea ochrata ( Idaea ochrata ( Scopoli , 1763))
- Idaea ossiculata ( Lederer , 1871)
- Idaea ostrinaria ( Huebner , 1813)
- Idaea palaestinensis ( Sterneck , 1933)
- Pale dwarf fly ( Idaea pallidata ( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775))
- Idaea palmata ( Staudinger , 1901)
- Idaea peluraria ( Reisser , 1939)
- Idaea politaria ( Huebner , 1799)
- Idaea predotaria ( Hartig , 1951)
- Idaea purpurariata ( Pinker , 1974)
- Idaea rainerii Hausmann , 1994
- Idaea rhodogrammaria ( Püngeler , 1913)
- Idaea robiginata ( Staudinger , 1863)
- Idaea rubraria ( Staudinger , 1901)
- Reddish dry grassland dwarf tensioner ( Idaea rufaria ( Hübner , 1799))
- Idaea rupicolaria ( Reisser , 1927)
- Southern dwarf moth ( Idaea rusticata ( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775))
- Idaea saleri Dominguez & Baixeras , 1992
- Idaea sardoniata ( Homberg , 1912)
- Gray dwarf moth ( Idaea seriata ( Cabinet , 1802))
- Idaea sericeata ( Huebner , 1813)
- Rusty yellow grass dwarf flyworm ( Idaea serpentata ( Hufnagel , 1767))
- Idaea simplicior ( Prout , 1934)
- Idaea spissilimbaria ( Mabille , 1888)
- Idaea squalidaria ( Staudinger , 1882)
- Idaea straminata ( Borkhausen , 1794)
- Idaea subsaturata ( Guenée , 1858)
- Gray line dwarf moth ( Idaea subsericeata ( Haworth , 1809))
- Whitish-gray dwarf moth ( Idaea sylvestraria ( Hübner , 1799))
- Idaea textaria ( Lederer , 1861)
- Idaea tineata ( Thierry-Mieg , 1910)
- Idaea trigeminata ( Haworth , 1809)
- Idaea troglodytaria ( Heydenreich , 1851)
- Idaea typicata ( Guenée , 1858)
- Idaea unicalcarata ( Prout , 1922)
- Idaea urcitana ( Agenjo , 1952)
- Idaea vesubiata ( Millière , 1873)
- Idaea vilaflorensis ( Rebel , 1910)
- Idaea Volloni ( D. Lucas & Joannis , 1907)
swell
literature
- Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .
- Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 8, Nachtfalter VI (Spanner (Geometridae) 1st part), Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3497-7
- Axel Hausmann: The Geometrid moths of Europe, 2nd Sterrhinae. In A. Hausmann (Ed.): The Geometrid Moths of Europe 2. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2004, ISBN 87-88757-37-4
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lepiforum Geometridae in Europe
- ↑ Lepiforum - Geometridae in DACH
- ↑ Axel Hausmann: The Geometrid Moths of Europe, 2. Sterrhinae. In A. Hausmann (Ed.): The Geometrid Moths of Europe 2. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2004, ISBN 87-88757-37-4 , p. 35
- ↑ Friedrich Weisert: A new Sterrhinae from the Canary Islands: Idaea curvata sp.n. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Journal of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Oesterreichischer Entomologen, 57 (3-4): 107-109, Vienna 2005
- ^ Francisco Javier Gaston and Victor Redondo: Idaea davidi sp. n. de Sierra Nevada (Andalucia, Espana) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Sterrhinae). Boletín de la SEA / Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa, 36: 51-55, Zaragoza 2005 ISSN 1134-6094
Web links
- Markku Savela's Tree of Life (English)
- Idaea at Fauna Europaea
- Butterflies and Moths of the World - Generic names and Their type species (English)