Purple stripe dwarf tensioner
| Purple stripe dwarf tensioner | ||||||||||||
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Purple stripe dwarf moth ( Idaea muricata ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Idaea muricata | ||||||||||||
| ( Hufnagel , 1767) |
The purple-striped dwarf tensioner ( Idaea muricata ), also called purple-striped Moorheiden-Kleinspanner , purple-striped Moorheidenspanner , purple- striped snail or purple-striped small spanner is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the Spanner (Geometridae).
features
The moths reach a wingspan of 14 to 19 millimeters. The primary color of the wings is purple. The middle field of the forewings has two yellow spots, a third spot sits on the wing base. However, the drawing is somewhat variable. The two midfield spots can be enlarged and fused (f. Lutescens ), or almost absent (f. Totarubra ). The inner transverse line is usually indicated by a slight color deviation. The outer line is colored blue-violet, weakly wavy and very distinctive. Towards the edge of the outer transverse line there is a narrow, serrated zone in the basic color. The hem and fringes are colored yellow. On the hind wing there is a larger yellow discal spot, the middle field is finely spotted yellow.
The oval eggs are relatively large and red-brown. The relatively slim caterpillar is slightly wrinkled and tapers towards the front. The color is variable; it ranges from brown to gray to reddish. The back line is bordered dark, on each segment there is a diamond-shaped spot. The pupa is 7.5 to 8.5 mm long and 2.3 to 2.6 mm in diameter. It is ocher brown, with the veins of the wings being darker, as are the seams of the head and thorax. The cremaster is relatively large, slightly longer than it is wide on the basal side. It is trapezoidal and rounded at the rear end. The three hook-shaped pairs of bristles are relatively short.
Geographical distribution
The distribution of the species is predominantly western, central and eastern European. It occurs in the north to the south of the British Isles , southern Scandinavia and southern Finland . In the south, the distribution area extends to the Spanish West Pyrenees , Corsica , northern Italy (with isolated occurrences as far as southern Italy), to the Balkan Peninsula as far as Bulgaria and Albania, and as far as the foothills of the Caucasus . In the east, the species comes beyond the Urals to the Kuriles ( Kunaschir ) and Japan (northeastern tip of Hokkaidō ) (here the subspecies Idaea muricata proutiana (Bryk, 1942)) as well as Korea and China ( Sichuan ) (here subspecies I. muricata minor (Sterneck, 1927)).
habitat
The species is found mainly on warm areas in damp forests and wet meadows. But the species is also observed in dry, warm areas, such as dry meadows and scrubland with sandy soils. The normal vertical distribution extends from 0 to 700 meters, in the southern Alps also up to 1,500 meters. The purple stripe dwarf tension is relatively rare and mostly only common locally.
Way of life
The species forms one generation per year, the moths fly from June to August. In southern Europe, the moths fly until mid-September with an interruption in July. This could indicate an incomplete second generation. The moths are predominantly crepuscular, but can also be found flying during the day and early in the morning. Dormant moths can be frightened off easily. Occasionally you will also come across artificial light sources. Moths suck nectar; this has been observed in pipe grasses ( Molinia ) , among other things . The eggs are glued together in rows and placed on the food plants of the caterpillars.
These are polyphagous and eat, among other things comarum palustre ( Potentilla palustris ), marsh bedstraw ( Galium palustre ) Vogelknöterichen , ( Polygonum ), plantains ( Plantago ), spurge ( Euphorbia ), anemone ( Anemone ), Small burnet ( Pimpinella Saxifraga ), Common heather ( Calluna vulgaris ) and a whole range of other plants (for example fescue ( Festuca )). The breeding was also possible in wood anemone ( Anemone nemorosa ), raspberry ( Rubus idaeus ), blackberry ( Rubus fruticosus agg.), Potentilla reptans ( Potentilla reptans ), plantain ( Plantago lanceolata ), plantain ( Plantago major ), garden salad ( Lactuca sativa ) Common dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale ) and bird knotweed ( Polygonum aviculare ). They only eat dry or withered leaves. The caterpillar overwinters. The caterpillars grow very slowly. Caterpillars that hatched in the summer went into hibernation in October and started feeding again in May. They pupated at the beginning of June and gave rise to the moth at the beginning of July. The puppet rest is about three weeks. These observations come from breeding under field conditions.
Systematics
The species was first described in 1767 by Johann Siegfried Hufnagel as Phalaena muricata . Then there were descriptions under another five names. Currently the species is divided into three subspecies: the nominotypical subspecies Idaea muricata muricata (Hufnagel, 1767), Idaea muricata minor Sterneck, 1927 (China) and Idaea muricata proutiana Bryk, 1942 ( Kuril Islands).
Danger
The species is generally not endangered in Germany. However, it is considered to be critically endangered in Hamburg, where the species has always been rare. In Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia it is classified in category 3 ("endangered"), in Rhineland-Palatinate in category 4, i. This means that the species is potentially endangered with increasing habitat destruction and is therefore on the warning level.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Red Lists at science4you
- ↑ Jan Pactočka: The pupae of the tensioners (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) Central Europe: subfamily Sterrhinae. Bonn zoological contributions, 51 (4): 269–296, Bonn 2002 ISSN 0006-7172 PDF ( Memento of the original from May 17, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (2.9 MB)
- ↑ Ebert, pp. 159-161
literature
- Arno Bergmann: The large butterflies of Central Germany. Volume 5/1: Spanner. Distribution, forms and communities. Urania-Verlag, Jena 1955, DNB 450378403 .
- Günter Ebert (Hrsg.): The Butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 8, Nachtfalter VI (Spanner (Geometridae) 1st part), Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3497-7
- Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .
- Axel Hausmann: The Geometrid moths of Europe, 2nd Sterrhinae. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2004, ISBN 87-88757-37-4
