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Ilse Fromm-Michaels ( Anita Rée , 1925)

Ilse Fromm-Michaels (born December 30, 1888 in Hamburg ; † January 22, 1986 in Detmold ) was a German composer and pianist .

Live and act

Fromm played the piano as a child and attracted attention at the age of 8 with a "Romance for piano" composed by her. Discovered early on by experts as an extraordinary talent, she began her training at the Royal University of Music in Berlin at the age of 13 . Three years later she moved to the Stern Conservatory in Berlin and studied piano with James Kwast and composition with Hans Pfitzner . The outstanding pianist played under well-known conductors as a soloist with an orchestra. These included Otto Klemperer , her fellow student and friend (1912), as well as Arthur Nikisch , Max Fiedler , Fritz Steinbach , Wilhelm Furtwängler , Hermann Abendroth , Carl Schuricht , Eugen Jochum . Her solo piano recitals before and after the First World War included works by Max Reger , Hans Pfitzner , Paul Hindemith , Ferruccio Busoni , Philipp Jarnach , Igor Stravinsky , Arnold Schönberg , Darius Milhaud , Béla Bartók , Zoltán Kodály , Anton Webern , Alban Berg , "to name only those whose names have remained" (Eva Weissweiler).

In 1915 she married the lawyer Walter Michaels.

In 1923/1924 she gave regular concerts at the New Music event cycle in Hamburg, which was initiated by the musicologist and critic Hans Heinz Stuckenschmidt and the Arnold Schönberg student Josef Rufer . At one of these concerts she played the piano part of his composition Pierrot Lunaire under the direction of Arnold Schönberg .

"Ilse Fromm-Michael's activity took a great boom when the shadows of the Third Reich fell on her life." In 1934, her Marien-Passion op. 18 was still performed on the Reich broadcaster in Hamburg , but shortly afterwards she was allowed to be the wife of a Jewish man Origin neither appear nor were their works allowed to be performed. During this time she wrote her symphony in C minor (op. 19, 1938) and Musica larga for clarinet and strings (1944). Walter Michaels, who barely survived the period of National Socialism after being severely traumatized, died shortly after the end of the war. Fromm-Michaels was appointed to the Hamburg University of Music in 1945 . In 1946 her symphony was premiered by Hans Schmidt-Isserstedt with the orchestra of the NWDR and received great critical acclaim.

In her early compositions, “a development from late romantic piano miniatures to larger piano works with more expressive, free tonality and chromatic atonality” can be seen. “The composer described the influence of her teacher Pfitzner as rather minor and went so far as to describe herself as an autodidact in composing.” From 1920 her compositional interest was primarily in chamber music and song, but in the 1930s she also ventured into works with orchestra , "Whereby her compositional style became more and more serious due to the difficult life situation of an 'inner emigration'" and finally ended in complete silence. According to their own statement, this was due to the fact that "after the tragic experiences during the 'Third Reich' she was unable to go back to the agenda and creatively translate the new era into a new tonal language after the upheaval." From 1949 Fromm-Michaels was exclusively active as a professor and music teacher in Hamburg. In 1951 she was accepted into the Free Academy of the Arts in Hamburg and was awarded the plaque of the Free Academy of the Arts in Hamburg in 1956 and the Johannes Brahms Medal of the City of Hamburg in 1963 . She died at the age of 97 in a retirement home in Detmold.

Her son was the clarinetist Jost Michaels .

Ilse Fromm-Michaels was buried in the Ohlsdorfer Friedhof in Hamburg, grid square O 18 ( Ringstrasse / Cordesallee ).

Works (selection)

  • op. 4: 4 puppets for piano
  • op.5: 8 sketches for piano (1908)
  • op. 6: Piano Sonata (1917)
  • op.7: Waltz dance for piano (1917)
  • op.8: Variations on an own theme in F sharp minor for piano (1918/19)
  • op.9a: 5 Wunderhorn songs
  • op.9b: 4 tiny Wunderhorn songs
  • op. 10: Moods of a Faun for piano
  • op. 11: 3 canons for 3 female voices
  • op. 12: Eulenspiegelei and a framed fugue for piano
  • op.15: Suite in C minor for solo cello (1931)
  • op.16: Passacaglia for piano (1932)
  • op.18: Marien-Passion for choir, chamber orchestra and organ (1932/33)
  • op.19: Symphony in C minor for large orchestra (originally conceived as a string quartet) (1938)
  • Musica larga for clarinet and string quartet (1944)
  • 3 Rainer Maria Rilke - chants for baritone and piano (1948/49)
  • 2 parodic songs
  • 20 cadenzas to piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

literature

  • Karl Grebe: A composer's life's work - Ilse Fromm-Michaels on her eightieth birthday; in: Yearbook "Twenty" (1968/69), ed. vd Free Academy of the Arts in Hamburg, p. 303 ff.
  • Babette Dorn: Fromm-Michaels, Ilse. In: Music in the past and present. 2nd revised edition, Ed. Ludwig Finscher, Person Teil, Vol. 7, Bärenreiter, Kassel and Metzler, Stuttgart 2002, Sp. 199–201
  • Babette Dorn: The life paths of female musicians in the "Third Reich" and in exile. Ed. Working Group Exile Music at the Musicological Institute of the University of Hamburg . von Bockel, Neumünster 2000 ISBN 9783932696374 pp. 89–124
  • Eva Weissweiler : Ilse Fromm-Michaels . In: Composers from the Middle Ages to the Present , Bärenreiter, dtv Munich 1999, ISBN 3-7618-1410-0 , ISBN 3-423-30726-9 , pp. 356–361.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Karl Grebe (see lit. catalog) p. 304
  2. ↑ Ilse Fromm-Michaels mentioned several times in the following book: Eva Weissweiler : Otto Klemperer . A German-Jewish artist's life, Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 2010, ISBN 978-3-462-04179-8 , here p. 99.
  3. ^ Eva Weissweiler 1999, p. 358.
  4. ↑ Weissweiler 1999, p. 358.
  5. ↑ Karl Grebe (s.Lit.Verz.) S. 307
  6. ↑ Babette Dorn, in: https://mugi.hfmt-hamburg.de/artikel/Ilse_Fromm-Michaels.pdf ; As of March 24, 2019
  7. ↑ Celebrity Graves
  8. ↑ Art. Michaels-Fromm, Ilse , in: Kürschner's German Musicians Calendar 1954. Walter de Gruyter & Co, Berlin 1954, Sp. 835–836. and Helmut Wirth: Art. Fromm-Michaels, Ilse , in: MGG 1 , Vol. 4, Sp. 1009-1010
  9. ↑ cpl. Table of contents at the German National Library
personal data
SURNAME Fromm-Michaels, Use
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Fromm, Ilse
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German composer and pianist
DATE OF BIRTH December 30, 1888
PLACE OF BIRTH Hamburg
DATE OF DEATH January 22, 1986
Place of death Detmold