Inocencio Mamani

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Inocencio Mamani Mamani (born December 2, 1904 in Puno , Peru , † 1990 in Arequipa , Peru) was a Peruvian playwright , poet and mountaineer who wrote in Puno-Quechua . He is considered the first Quechua author to write his dramas on current topics and in modern, popular Quechua language.

Life

Inocencio Mamani grew up in Mañazo , the butcher's quarter in Puno. In his childhood he worked as a milker and swineherd . He later worked in the port of Puno and on ships on Lake Titicaca . In contrast to most of his companions, he went to school: first at Colegio La Inmaculada and then at the Seminario de Puno . After completing his schooling, he and a few friends founded a theater group in Puno that performed a number of plays, including the Quechua drama Ccore Chchuspe ( Qurich'uspi , "Golden Fly", title after the name of one of the main characters), written in 1915 by the Catholic priest Nemesio Zúñiga Cazorla from Cusco (published by César Itier 1995), which - like most of the Quechua plays of the time - was set in the time of the Inca .

Inocencio Mamani probably wrote his first own drama in popular Puno-Quechua in 1926 , Sapan Churi (Only Son), which premiered in Arequipa . In contrast to the Quechua dramas by Zúñiga and some other mestizos from Cusco, the characters in Mamani's work were simple people from the contemporary world, in the case of Sapan Churi, a boy from Mamani's hometown of Mañazo who wants to go to school, which the priests give him but don't want to allow. In 1927 Mamani created the romantic comedy Tucuipac munashcan ( Tukuypaq munasqan , " Desired by everyone").

From 1927 to 1932 Mamani worked with Gamaliel Churata, director of the Puno City Library, and met regularly in his apartment with him and other writers in a group called Grupo Orkopata. Churata and his brother Ántero Peralta were editors of the literary journal Boletín Titikaka, which appeared from 1926 to 1930. Mamani published his first poems in Quechua in the Boletín Titikaka in February 1928. In the last issue of the magazine, the “Three Poems 1930” (Tres Poemas 1930) by Inocencio Mamani, Eustaquio Rodríguez Aweranka and Manuel Zúñiga appeared in three languages ​​(Quechua, Aymara and Spanish ) Camacho Alca (also Allqa) in memory of José Carlos Mariátegui , who died on April 16, 1930. The Boletín Titikaka regularly promoted Mamani's Quechua-language theater performances, but the Quechua-language manuscripts were never published. 1932 emigrated Churata in the face of repression under the military dictatorship of Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro by Bolivia , and the group Orkopata dissolved. It was not until the 1940s that some Quechua poems by Inocencio Mamani appeared again in the journal of the Instituto Americano de Arte in Puno. After that there were no more literary publications by Mamani.

Inocencio Mamani lived in Arequipa and Huancayo in the 1950s, where he worked as a mountain guide on expeditions to the high Andes and made some first ascents of peaks in the Huaytapallana mountain range . In the 1980s, when he was over eighty, he climbed the Kunurana and the Misti, among others .

reception

José Carlos Mariátegui says in his "Seven Essays on the Interpretation of Peruvian Reality" ( Siete Ensayos de Interpretación de la Realidad Peruana , 1928):

“The Quechua script and grammar are originally Spanish, and the Quechua texts belong entirely to bilingual writers like El Lunarejo , up to the appearance of Inocencio Mamani, the young author of Tucuípac Munashcan. The Spanish language, more or less Americanized, is the literary language and the intellectual tool of this nationality, which has not yet finished its work of definition. "

- José Carlos Mariátegui , 1928

Works

Unpublished Quechua Dramas (Originals Lost)

  • 1926: Sapan Churi ("only son")
  • 1927: Tucuipac munashcan (in current spelling, Southern Quechua : Tukuypaq munasqan , " Desired by everyone")
  • (no date :) Casarasunchis ("Let's get married")

Drama in Spanish (Original)

  • (no date :) Corazón mentiroso (also: Amor traicionero , "lying heart" or "treacherous love")

Publication of translations into Spanish

  • 1989: Sapan Churi , Tucuipac munashcan , in: Domingo Huamán Peñaloza (1989), El teatro de Inocencio Mamani . Lima: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología.

The only surviving fragment from a drama in the Quechua original

  • 1989: Text fragment by Casarasunchis , in: Domingo Huamán Peñaloza (1989), El teatro de Inocencio Mamani . Lima: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, pp. 118-133.

Poems in Quechua

  • 1928. Teofanoj qutimunja ( Teofano kutimunqa , “Teófano will return”). Boletín Editorial Titikaka, February 1928, p. 2.
  • 1929: Lekechuqunas ( Liq'ichukuna , " Andenkiebitze "). Boletín Titikaka 27 (February 1929), p. 1.
  • 1930 (with Aweranka and Camacho Allqa): Tres poemas vernaculares en la muerte de Mariátegui . Boletín Titikaka 34, p. 4.
  • 1948: Taky ( Taki , "song"). Revista del Instituto Americano de Arte 1 (November 1948), p. 59.
  • 1949: Mañaso Majjtta ( Mañasu Maqt'a , "Boy from Mañazo"). Suplemento de la Revista del Instituto Americano de Arte 2 (November 1949), p. 10.

literature

  • Domingo Huamán Peñaloza, 1989: El teatro de Inocencio Mamani . Lima: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Nemesio Zúñiga Cazorla: Qurich'uspi [1915], T'ikahina [1934], Katacha [1930?], In: César Itier: El Teatro Quechua en el Cuzco . Centro Bartolomé de las Casas, Cuzco 1995 (orig. With Spanish translation).
  2. ↑ José Carlos Mariátegui , [1928] 2007: Siete Ensayos de Interpretación de la Realidad Peruana , p. 196. El proceso de la literatura, II. La literatura de la Colonia . Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho, Caracas (Venezuela) 2007.
personal data
SURNAME Mamani, Inocencio
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mamani Mamani, Inocencio (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Peruvian dramaturge, poet and mountaineer
DATE OF BIRTH December 2, 1904
PLACE OF BIRTH Puno , Peru
DATE OF DEATH 1990
Place of death Arequipa , Peru