Islamic literature
Islamic literature includes in different languages from Islamic wrote vision literature .
history
Islamic literature is inextricably linked to its religious roots. "All poetry is in the service of Allah or is done in honor of the Prophet." Literature was divided on the one hand into poets of pagan times as Jāhiliyya ("pre-Islamic poetry") and on the other hand into the poets of Islam. The poetic structure of the writings of the Qur'an shaped the Abad literature which flourished in the Abbassid period . In the Islamic universities, the literature of the past was collected and commented on in Dīwānen and anthologies.
In Persian poetry there are transfers of the Quran and other religious texts in symbols of mysticism , which gives every poetic creation a religious background. This finds a special expression in the Sufi literature in the emphasis on the Unio mystica . Similarly, the Islamic poet Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938) strove to overcome the opposition between God and man by calling on people to become aware of themselves as participants in the world process.
Since Islam does not have a division into a secular and a spiritual area, an atheistic literature in the Islamic area has not emerged either. Even the indexed Satanic Verses of Salman Rushdie remain Islamic literature in this sense.
The Influence of Islamic Literature on the West
The best-known collection of stories from the Islamic world is the Arabian Nights , a compilation of traditional folk tales told by the Persian Queen Scheherazade . The work took shape in the 10th century and reached its final form in the 14th century; The number and types of narratives varied from manuscript to manuscript. These Arab fairy tales and legends were often called "Arab Nights".
Since its translation in the 18th century by Antoine Galland , the influence of this literature on the West has grown. Numerous imitations emerged, especially in France.
Firdausi's "Book of Kings" Schahname , the Iranian national epic, is a mythical heroic epic of Persian history . Amir Arsalan was an equally common Persian myth.
A well-known example of Arabic poetry and Persian poetry in romance is Majnun Lailā from the Umayyad period in the 7th century. A tragedy about the immortality of love , the Latin version of which later inspired the creation of the drama Romeo and Juliet .
Ibn Tufail ( Abu Bakr ) and Ibn an-Nafis are considered pioneers of the philosophical novel . Ibn Tufail wrote the first Arabic novel The Philosopher as an autodidact ( Philosophus Autodidactus ) in response to al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers , ( Destructio philosophorum ), whereupon Ibn an-Nafis also wrote a novel Theologus Autodidactus . The protagonists of both works (Hayy in Philosophus Autodidactus and Kamil in Theologus Autodidactus ) grew up as wolf children on a lonely island , where they each formed alone and " autodidactically ", a subject which, by the way, is the earliest example of the "lonely island" -Romans "occurs. While Hayy now lives with animals in Philosophus Autodidactus , Kamil's story in Theologus Autodidactus is expanded to include the adolescent phase and ultimately develops into one of the first science fiction novels.
The first Latin translation of Ibn Tufail's Philosophus Autodidactus was provided by Edward Pococke the Younger in 1671 , on which the English translation of Simon Ockley's 1708 was based, and others in German and Dutch. These translations were to inspire Daniel Defoe to create one of the first English novels, Robinson Crusoe . The Philosophus Autodidactus inspired Rousseau's Emile in several ways or through education , just as the wilderness creatures Mowgli (from Rudyard Kipling's jungle book ) and Tarzan have related traits.
In Dante's Divine Comedy there are a multitude of direct or indirect borrowings of motifs and material from Arabic works on Islamic eschatology : The Hadith and the Kitab al-Miraj (translated into Latin around 1264 as Liber Scale Machometi , "The Book of Muhammad's Head "), about the night journey of the Prophet Mohammed to heaven, as well as the spiritual writings of Ibn Arabi . The Moors exerted a lasting influence on the work of George Peeles and William Shakespeare . In some pieces, figures from the Moorish culture play a role, such as in Peeles The Battle of Alcazar (1594) or in Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice , Titus Andronicus or Othello , where the Moor Othello plays the leading role. These works are under the influence of various Moorish traits from Morocco in Elizabethan England at the beginning of the 17th century.
See also
On the literature of important Islamic cultures:
Individual evidence
- ↑ Clemens Thoma. Theological real encyclopedia, study edition, vol. 12, part II, p. 236.
- ^ Fuat Sezgin: History of Arabic literature . Brill, Leiden 1975. Vol. 2, pp. 7-33
- ↑ John Grant, John Clute : The Encyclopedia of Fantasy. ISBN 0-312-19869-8 , sv Arabian fantasy , p. 51.
- ↑ L. Sprague de Camp , Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers : The Makers of Heroic Fantasy , p 10 ISBN 0-87054-076-9
- ↑ John Grant, John Clute: The Encyclopedia of Fantasy. ISBN 0-312-19869-8 , sv Arabian fantasy , p. 52.
- ↑ James Thurber, "The Wizard of Chitenango", p 64 Fantasists on Fantasy edited by Robert H. Boyer and Kenneth J. Zahorski, ISBN 0-380-86553-X
- ↑ NIZAMI: LAYLA AND MAJNUN - German Version by Paul Smith ( Memento of the original dated November 6, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Dr. Abu Shadi Al-Roubi (1982), "Ibn Al-Nafis as a philosopher", Symposium on Ibn al-Nafis , Second International Conference on Islamic Medicine: Islamic Medical Organization, Kuwait (see Ibn al-Nafis As a Philosopher ( Memento des Originals dated February 6, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. , Encyclopedia of Islamic World ).
- ^ Nahyan AG Famy astronomy , cosmology and geology known in his time. His main purpose behind this science fiction work was to explain Islamic religious teachings in terms of science and philosophy through the use of fiction.
- ↑ Dr. Abu Shadi Al-Roubi (1982), "Ibn Al-Nafis as a philosopher", Symposium on Ibn al Nafis , Second International Conference on Islamic Medicine: Islamic Medical Organization, Kuwait (see Ibnul-Nafees As a Philosopher ( Memento of the original dated February 6, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. , Encyclopedia of Islamic World ).
- ^ Nawal Muhammad Hassan (1980), Hayy bin Yaqzan and Robinson Crusoe: A study of an early Arabic impact on English literature , Al-Rashid House for Publication.
- ^ Cyril Glasse (2001), New Encyclopaedia of Islam , p. 202, Rowman Altamira, ISBN 0759101906 .
- ↑ Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", Journal of Religion and Health 43 (4): 357-377 [369].
- ^ Martin Wainwright, Desert island scripts , The Guardian , March 22, 2003.
- ↑ Latinized Names of Muslim Scholars , FSTC.
- ↑ I. Heullant-Donat and M.-A. Polo de Beaulieu, "Histoire d'une traduction," in Le Livre de l'échelle de Mahomet , Latin edition and French translation by Gisèle Besson and Michèle Brossard-Dandré, Collection Lettres Gothiques , Le Livre de Poche , 1991, p. 22 with note 37.
- ↑ Professor Nabil Matar (April 2004), Shakespeare and the Elizabethan Stage Moor , Sam Wanamaker Fellowship Lecture, Shakespeare's Globe Theater (see Mayor of London (2006), Muslims in London , pp. 14–15, Greater London Authority)
Web links
- Islamic literature at Cornell University .
- short article on the growing influence of islamic literature in the usa