Italian clematis
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Italian clematis ( Clematis viticella ) |
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The Italian clematis ( Clematis viticella ) is a plant type from the genus of clematis ( Clematis ) in the family of Ranunculaceae (Ranunculaceae). The plant is native to Italy , Southeastern Europe , the Caucasus , Turkey and northwestern Iran , where it colonizes forest edges , bushes , hedges and gardens. The hardy climbing plant is used as an ornamental plantWidely used in various varieties .
description
The Italian clematis is a deciduous, more or less woody perennial plant with 2 to 4 m long, creeping red-brown stems that creep with their leaf stalks. The opposite leaves are relatively delicate, undivided or pinnate up to three parts. The leaflets are 2 to 6 cm long, oval and with entire margins, rarely somewhat lobed. The 3 to 6 cm large flowers sit individually on the shoot ends and individually up to three on long stalks in the leaf axils. The flowers are more or less inclined and broadly bell-shaped. They consist of four free, blue to purple-pink, externally hairy, corolla-like sepals that are wider and often slightly twisted towards the end. Petals are missing. The free stamens, of which the outer staminodes have become widened, nectar- bearing , are about a quarter as long as the sepals. The hairless styles lengthen and curve a little until the fruit is ripe.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.
ecology
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From an ecological point of view, the Italian clematis has “ nectar- bearing disc flowers”. The outer stamens are transformed into nectar leaves and represent a source of nectar for bees , wasps , beetles and butterflies . The larvae of some moths from the family of the Spanner , for example the dark brown Clematis and Clematis , feed on the leaves of the plant.
Occurrence
The Italian clematis is native to Italy , the Balkan Peninsula , Armenia , Georgia , Azerbaijan , Turkey and northwestern Iran , where it inhabits deciduous deciduous forests , river banks, alluvial forests , bushes, hedges, old stone walls and gardens on calcareous , moist soils . Deep, permeable soils in warm locations are preferred.
use
The clematis can be used to top trellises , obelisks, rose arches, fences, hedges, small trees and shrubs and walls, also as a supplement to other climbing plants that are already there (e.g. ivy) and as a companion for climbing and shrub roses . The plant needs a sunny to partially shaded location on moist, nutrient-rich soil and can also be kept well in the tub. Compared to other clematis, the Italian clematis has a relatively long flowering period, in Central Europe from June to August. It is hardy to −23 ° C ( zone 6 ) and can withstand sun and dry periods better than many large-flowered clematis hybrids. It is also less sensitive to clematis wilt . Like other clematis wild species and hybrids that bloom on new long shoots in summer, the Italian clematis should be cut back to 20 to 50 cm above the ground in winter before the very early shoot, in order to stimulate vigorous growth and a balding from below to prevent.
Clematis viticella is involved as a crossing partner in numerous clematis hybrid forms, for example in the well-known large-flowered hybrid C. 'Jackmannii' ( C. lanuginosa x C. viticella 'Atrorubens' ) from 1858. The plant is also used as a base for the refinement of other clematis Varieties used. Robust and richly flowering varieties of the Italian clematis, which were awarded the Award of Garden Merit , are 'Étoile Violette' (deep purple), 'Madame Julia Correvon' (velvet red), 'Purpurea Plena Elegans' (densely filled, purple-colored) and' Venosa Violacea '(white center, purple veins and margins).
Systematics
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The first publication of Clematis viticella was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum . S. 543. Clematis viticella is within the subgenus Flammula together with Clematis campaniflora , florida Clematis , Clematis lanuginosa and Clematis patens the section Viticella assigned. The bell-flowered clematis ( Clematis campaniflora ), widespread in Portugal and southern Spain , with pale purple, broadly bell-shaped flowers and longer, hairy stylus remains, is very similar to the Italian clematis and is also known as a subspecies subsp. campaniflora (bread.) Font Quer ex O.Bolòs & Vigo posed to Clematis viticella .
literature
- Christopher Gray-Wilson: Clematis: The Genus: A Comprehensive Guide for Gardeners, Horticulturists and Botanists , BT Batsford, London 2000. ISBN 0-7134-7659-1 .
- David Burnie: Mediterranean Wild Plants , Dorling Kindersley, London 2000. ISBN 978-3-8310-1014-1 .
- Friedrich Manfred Westphal: Clematis , Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2006. ISBN 978-3-440-10765-2 .
Web links
- Clematis viticella / Italian clematis at the plant database of garden architecture. (galasearch.de)
- Clematis viticella at Clematis on the Web. (clematisontheweb.org)
- Clematis viticella with photos and distribution in Italy at Flora Italiana. (altervista.org)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Clematis viticella L. subsp. viticella at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
- ↑ Clematis wilt - tips for avoidance at the Bavarian State Institute for Viticulture and Horticulture (LWG).
- ↑ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 543.
- ↑ Peter and Ingrid Schönfelder: The new Kosmos-Mediterranean flora , Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-440-10742-3 , p. 300.