2008 Iwate earthquake
| 2008 Iwate Miyagi Nairiku earthquake | |||
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| date | June 14, 2008 | ||
| Time | 23:43 | ||
| Magnitude | 6.9 M W | ||
| depth | 9 km | ||
| epicenter | 39 ° 7 ′ 19 ″ N , 140 ° 40 ′ 41 ″ E | ||
| country | Iwate Prefecture , Tōhoku Region , Japan | ||
| dead | at least 12 | ||
| Injured | 436 | ||
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The 2008 Iwate earthquake was a powerful earthquake in Japan on June 14, 2008, which mainly hit the Tōhoku region , in northeastern Honshū . The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) officially named the earthquake " Iwate - Miyagi inland earthquake of the year Heisei 20 (2008)" ( 平 成 20 年 （2008 年） 岩手 ・ 宮城 内陸 地震 , Heisei 20-nen Iwate-Miyagi nairiku jishin ).
The earthquake struck south of Iwate Prefecture at 8:43 AM JST on June 14, a Saturday (23:43 UTC on June 13). The JMA determined the magnitude of the earthquake to be M j = 7.2 and the United States Geological Survey assessed the earthquake using the moment magnitude scale with M w = 6.9. The epicenter of the earthquake was at '19.2 "39 ° 7 N , 140 ° 40' 40.8" O determined, about 85 kilometers north of Sendai and about 385 km north-northeast of Tokyo.
The strongest tremors were measured in the cities of Ōshū in Iwate Prefecture and Kurihara in Miyagi Prefecture, where they were recorded as a “strong 6” on the JMA scale (shindo) .
Seismic intensity
| prefecture | Seismic intensity | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iwate | 6+ | 6- | 5+ | 5- | 4th | 3 | 2 | |
| Miyagi | 6+ | 6- | 5+ | 5- | 4th | 3 | ||
| Akita | 5+ | 5- | 4th | 3 | 2 | |||
| Yamagata | 5- | 4th | 3 | 2 | ||||
| Fukushima | 5- | 4th | 3 | 2 | 1 | |||
| Aomori | 4th | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Ibaraki | 4th | 3 | 2 | |||||
| Tochigi | 4th | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Niigata | 4th | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| Hokkaidō | 3 | 2 | 1 | |||||
| Gunma | 3 | 2 | 1 | |||||
| Saitama | 3 | 2 | 1 | |||||
| Chiba | 3 | 2 | 1 | |||||
| Tokyo | 3 | 2 | 1 | |||||
| Kanagawa | 3 | 2 | 1 | |||||
| Yamanashi | 3 | 2 | 1 | |||||
| Ishikawa | 2 | 1 | ||||||
| Nagano | 2 | 1 | ||||||
| Shizuoka | 2 | 1 | ||||||
| Aichi | 1 | |||||||
The tremors were felt in a large area. Areas where the tremors were strongly felt include:
strong 6:
- Iwate Prefecture - Ashu.
- Miyagi Prefecture - Kurihara.
weak 6:
- Iwate Prefecture - Ashu.
- Miyagi Prefecture - Kurihara and Ōsaki .
strong 5:
- Iwate Prefecture - Ōshū, Kitakami , Ichinoseki , Kanegasaki ( 金 ケ 崎 町 ) and Hiraizumi .
- Miyagi Prefecture - Kurihara, Ōsaki, Sendai, Tome , Natori , Misato ( 美 里 町 ), Wakuya ( 涌 谷 町 ), Kami ( 加 美 町 ) and Rifu ( 利 府 町 ).
- Akita Prefecture - Yuzawa and Higashinaruse ( 東 成 瀬 村 ).
Tectonic overview
The earthquake with a magnitude M w = 6.9 on June 13th occurred in a region of convergence between the Pacific plate and the Okhotsk part of the North American plate in northern Japan, where the Pacific plate is about 8 in relation to the North American plate , 3 mm west-northwest. The hypocenter of the earthquake indicates a shallow thrust in the upper (the Okhotsk) plate, above the subducting Pacific plate, which is here at a depth of about 80 km.
The earthquake occurred within the complicated tectonic conditions of the Ou Mountains, which were the site of several major earthquakes in historical times. The last of these occurred in 1896, about 70 km north of the June 13 earthquake that killed more than 200 people in the area from the effects of the earthquake.
Aftershocks
According to the JMA, the aftershocks were stronger than those of the Great Hanshin earthquake , but less often. Over 200 aftershocks were registered within the first 24 hours, and more than 400 aftershocks occurred within the first seven days. The strongest of these, with a magnitude M j = 5.0 or more, were:
- June 14, 9:20 a.m. JST (00:20 UTC): M j = 5.7, maximum seismic intensity 5+;
- June 14, 12:27 p.m. JST (03:27 UTC): M j = 5.2, maximum seismic intensity 4;
- on June 16, 11:14 p.m. JST (14:14 UTC): M j = 5.3, maximum seismic intensity 4.
Between June 21 and July 1, the daily number of aftershocks fluctuated between four and twelve, the maximum seismic intensity was 3.
The following table lists the aftershocks with a moment magnitude M w ≥4.0 within the five days after the main tremor.
Effects
Landslides
The earthquake led to landslides that brought structures to collapse, buried people, interrupted road connections and cut off some rural areas from the outside world. Soil from these landslides dammed several rivers into earthquake lakes ( 堰 止 湖 , sekitomeko , literally "dammed lakes").
On June 19, the Department of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation announced that fifteen such lakes had formed in Iwate and Miyagi Prefectures. Drainage measures began at three of these lakes , as rain and aftershocks threatened to cause these dams to overflow or break.
Personal injury
By June 25, the authorities had confirmed twelve dead and ten more were still missing at that time.
- In Kurihara, Miyagi Prefecture, five people were buried in a landslide in an inn on the flank of Mount Kurikoma.
- A landslide on National Road 398 in Kurihara buried three workers who were busy setting up a restraint net on an embankment.
- Also on National Road 398 in Kurihara, a man was killed when his car was hit by a landslide and buried.
- At a dam construction site in Ōshū, Iwate Prefecture, a worker was hit by falling boulders and died.
- In Ichinoseki, Iwate Prefecture, a person surprised by the earthquake ran into the street and was run over by a truck.
- In Iwaki, Fukushima Prefecture, a person was hit by falling rocks while fishing and fell into the sea, where they drowned.
- In Ōshū, a landslide overturned a bus carrying 20 people. Eight of them were rescued injured, including one in critical condition and five in serious condition after the rescue. Ten of the passengers were able to escape from the bus before it was hit by the landslide. Another tremor then caused the bus to slide slowly down a ravine until it was stopped by trees.
Electricity supply
After the earthquake - in contrast to the Niigata Chūetsu coastal earthquake in 2007 - there was no shutdown of a nuclear power plant . Although reactor water spilled over from the tremors was found in the Fukushima II nuclear power plant , there was no leakage of radioactive material into the environment.
Expressways and railways
NEXCO Higashi-Nihon highways in Tōhoku were closed in various sections, but with one exception they were released after a few hours.
Some East Japan Railway Company train services on the Shinkansen and on some branch lines were stopped and only resumed the following day.
All about 20 moving trains of the Tōhoku Shinkansen were stopped by an earthquake monitoring system. Most of the trains were soon driven to the next train station. Nevertheless, around 2000 passengers were temporarily unable to leave three trains, but could only be evacuated after a few hours, in one case only after nine and a half hours because the trains had to remain in place until the facilities were investigated.
Around 117,000 passengers were affected by the operating restrictions of the Tōhoku, Akita , Yamagata , Jōetsu and Nagano Shinkansen. None of the trains derailed.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Result ( memento of March 19, 2011 on WebCite ) of the database of felt earthquakes of the Japan Meteorological Agency . (Japanese)
- ↑ 2008 年 6 月 14 日 08 時 43 分 こ ろ の 岩手 県 内陸 南部 の 地震 に つ い て （第 2 報） (Japanese) , Japan Meteorological Agency . June 14, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ↑ a b c 「平 成 20 年 （2008 年） 岩手 ・ 宮城 内陸 地震」 に つ い て （第 ４ 報） (Japanese) , Japan Meteorological Agency . June 14, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ↑ Magnitude 6.9 - EASTERN HONSHU, JAPAN (English) , US Geological Survey. June 14, 2008. Archived from the original on September 15, 2009. Retrieved on February 11, 2011.
- ↑ The Shindo represents the strength of the ground movement. The JMA uses a scale from 0 to 7 ( Memento from May 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, weak / strong 5, weak / strong 6, 7.
- ↑ 「平 成 20 年 （2008 年） 岩手 ・ 宮城 内陸 地震」 の 余震 回 数 (Japanese) (PDF), Japan Meteorological Agency . July 2, 2008. Archived from the original on September 9, 2008. Retrieved on February 11, 2011.
- ↑ 「平 成 20 年 （2008 年） 岩手 ・ 宮城 内陸 地震」 に つ い て （第 ８ 報） (Japanese) (PDF), Japan Meteorological Agency . June 23, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ↑ 「平 成 20 年 （2008 年） 岩手 ・ 宮城 内陸 地震」 に つ い て （第 ９ 報） (Japanese) (PDF), Japan Meteorological Agency . June 26, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ↑ 岩手 ・ 宮城 内陸 地震 ： ６ 人 死亡 、 １５５ 人 負傷 不明 １１ 人 (Japanese) , Mainichi Shimbun-sha. June 14, 2008. Accessed February 11, 2011. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ^ Rush to drain 'quake lakes' in Tohoku , Mainichi Daily News. June 17, 2008. Archived from the original on February 18, 2013. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ↑ 平 成 ２０ 年 岩手 ・ 宮城 内陸 地震 に よ り 発 生 し た 河道 閉塞 （天然 ダ ム） 箇 所 に つ い て (Japanese) , Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. June 19, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ^ Water being pumped out of quake lakes , NHK. June 19, 2008. Archived from the original on March 22, 2011. Retrieved on February 11, 2011.
- ↑ 宮城 せ き 止 め 湖 仮 排水 路 工事(Japanese) , NHK. June 19, 2008. Accessed on February 11, 2011. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ a b c d e f g h 平 成 ２０ 年 （２００８ 年） 岩手 ・ 宮城 内陸 地震 （第 ５１ 報）(Japanese) (PDF), Fire and Disaster Management Agency. June 25, 2008. Accessed February 11, 2011. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ 秘 湯 の 宿 、 瓦礫 か ら う め き 声… 「駒 ノ 湯 温泉」 捜 索 難 航 (Japanese) , Yomiuri Shimbun. June 15, 2008. Archived from the original on June 18, 2008. Retrieved on February 11, 2011.
- ↑ a b c d 岩手 ・ 宮城 地震 死者 ６ 人 、 行 方 不明 １１ 人 に (Japanese) , Asahi Shimbun-sha. June 14, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ↑ 作業 員 ３ 人生 き 埋 め ２ 人 の 死亡 確認 栗 原 市 花山 (Japanese) , Asahi Shimbun-sha. June 14, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ↑ １ 遺体 発 見 死者 １２ 人 ・ 不明 １０ 人 に 岩手 ・ 宮城 地震 (Japanese) , Asahi Shimbun-sha. June 21, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ↑ 対 面 の 親族 「実 感 な い」 湯 浜 温泉 近 く で 死亡 の 男性 (Japanese) , Asahi Shimbun-sha. June 15, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ↑ Japanese quake leaves at least six dead (English) , United Press International. June 14, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ↑ a b 岩手 ・ 宮城 内陸 地震 ： バ ス が 沢 に 転 落 、 １ 人 重 体 奥 州市 (Japanese) , Mainichi Shimbun-sha. June 14, 2008. Accessed February 11, 2011. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ a b 平 成 ２０ 年 岩手 ・ 宮城 内陸 地震 被害 情報 （第 ８ 報） （６ 月 １４ 日 １７ 時 ００ 現在） (Japanese) (PDF), Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. June 14, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ↑ 岩手 ・ 宮城 内陸 地震 ： 原 発 で 水 漏 れ 外部 に 影響 な し (Japanese) , Mainichi Shimbun-sha. June 15, 2008. Retrieved June 18, 2008. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ 平 成 20 年 岩手 ・ 宮城 内陸 地震 で 発 生 し た 高速 道路 の 被害 状況 等 に つ い て （第 8 報 最終） (Japanese) , East Nippon Expressway Company Limited. June 14, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
- ↑ 岩手 ・ 宮城 地震 ： １５ 日 始 発 か ら す べ て 運行… ＪＲ 東 日本 (Japanese) , Mainichi Shimbun-sha. Retrieved on February 11, 2011. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ a b c 【岩手 ・ 宮城 内陸 地震】 「脱 線 せ ず」 は ＪＲ の 対 策 が 奏功 か 震源 震源 か ら の 距離 も 影響？ (Japanese) , The Sankei Shimbun. June 14, 2008. Archived from the original on June 19, 2008. Retrieved on February 11, 2011.
- ↑ a b 2,000 passengers trapped in bullet trains, 20,000 households lose power after quake (English) , Mainichi Shimbun-sha. June 14, 2008. Archived from the original on February 18, 2013. Retrieved June 18, 2008.
- ↑ a b 岩手 ・ 宮城 内陸 地震 ： 新 幹線 に ９ 時間 半閉 じ 込 め 道路 寸断 (Japanese) , Mainichi Shimbun-sha. June 14, 2008. Accessed February 11, 2011. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
Web links
- Poster of the United States Geological Survey the earthquake (English)