Jewish community of Grötzingen

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A Jewish community in Grötzingen , a district of Karlsruhe in Baden-Württemberg , had existed since the 17th century.

history

The development of the modern Jewish community goes back to the year 1677, when Margrave Friedrich Magnus accepted a first Jewish family as protection Jews against payment.

Since 1894, the Jewish people living in Durlach also belonged to the Jewish community in Grötzingen as a branch community. The Jewish families lived mainly from the scrap iron, cattle and horse trade .

The Jewish community had a synagogue , a religious school and a ritual bath ( mikveh ). In 1905/06 a separate cemetery was built. The employed teacher was also active as a prayer leader and schochet . The Jewish community had belonged to the Karlsruhe district rabbinate since 1827 and, after its dissolution, to the Bretten district rabbinate from 1885 .

synagogue

Memorial stele at the site of the synagogue on Krummen Strasse

After the previous prayer room had long since become too small, plans were made to build a synagogue, which was built in 1798/99. The Obere Gasse in Grötzingen was renamed Synagogenstrasse . The synagogue was extensively renovated in 1841 and expanded in 1899.

After the National Socialist seizure of power in 1934 Synagogenstrasse was renamed Krumme Strasse . The synagogue was destroyed during the November pogroms in 1938 and demolished in early 1939.

Since 1983 a memorial stele commemorates the fate of the Jewish community in Grötzingen in its place (Krumme Straße 15) .

Community development

year Parishioners
1797 23 people
1798 87 people
1816 85 people
1852 142 people or 7.03% of the population
1867 121 people or 5.5% of the population
1880 93 people or 4.1% of the population
1910 64 people or 1.2% of the population
1933 20 people or 0.2% of the population

National Socialist Persecution

Four Jewish community members were able to emigrate to the USA and the last 12 Jewish residents were deported to Gurs on October 22, 1940 as part of the so-called Wagner-Bürckel campaign .

The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 16 Jewish citizens born in Grötzingen who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .

In 1991, a memorial plaque was put up opposite the town hall in memory of the murdered Jewish residents.

literature

  • Susanne Asche: From traditionalism in the country to adaptation in the city. The history of the Jews in Grötzingen and Durlach 1715-1933. In: Schmitt, Heinz (Ed.): Jews in Karlsruhe. Contributions to their history up to the Nazi seizure of power . Badenia-Verlag, Karlsruhe 1988 (2nd revised edition 1990), pp. 189-218.
  • Joachim Hahn and Jürgen Krüger : Synagogues in Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Joachim Hahn: Places and Facilities . Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1843-5 , pp. 232-235 ( Memorial book of the synagogues in Germany . Volume 4).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945 . Retrieved February 11, 2010.