Jewish Girls School (Berlin)
The Jewish Girls' School Berlin was the first school for Jewish students in Berlin . It was founded in 1835 and after various stops in 1930 moved to a new building at Auguststrasse 11-13 in Berlin-Mitte . Today this building houses The Kennedys Museum , the Berlin Salon of the Frieder Burda Museum , the Michael Fuchs Gallery , the Rooftop Playground , an open-air exhibition room and a restaurant.
history
The first girls' school of the Jewish community in Berlin was opened in 1835 at Heidereutergasse 5 in an outbuilding of the old synagogue in Berlin's Marienviertel . In 1875 the school to Rosenstrasse 2 moved and 1904. They moved into a new building in the near Alexanderplatz situated Kaiserstraße 29/30 (now Jacobystraße). In 1930 the school finally moved to Auguststrasse in the Spandau suburb .
The girls in the Jewish School for Girls were taught the usual school subjects, Hebrew and traditional forms of art.
In April 1933 the law against overcrowding in German schools and universities came into force. This limited the access of Jewish children to public schools, so that the number of pupils in Berlin's Jewish schools rose from just under 400 to over 1000. Due to the compulsory deportation of many Jewish families of Polish origin from Berlin to Poland from October 1938, the number of pupils fell again.
In 1942 all Jewish schools in Germany were closed, the Jewish Girls' School in Berlin was closed on June 30, 1942. Most of their students and teachers were later deported and killed in death camps . The building served as a military hospital until the end of World War II .
After the end of the war and the associated division of Germany , the school was in the Soviet sector . It was reopened in 1950 and was named Bertolt-Brecht-Oberschule . The school was closed in 1996 due to a lack of students and the building was left to decay for years.
In the spring of 2006, the building was briefly reopened for exhibitions as part of the 4th Berlin Biennale . In October 2006, an exhibition on Hannah Arendt's 100th birthday took place in the rooms, showing her role in the rescue of Jewish children during the Nazi era . With the help of the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany ( Jewish Claims Conference ), the property was officially handed over to the Berlin Jewish Community in 2009 . At the beginning of 2011 they gave the building - with a 30-year lease - to the gallery owner Michael Fuchs for cultural and gastronomic use, who in turn invested around five million euros in the renovation and in 2012 reopened the "Former Jewish Girls' School" on 3000 square meters.
Todays use
Since 2012 there has been a bar and a restaurant in the style of the Roaring Twenties in the building . The company is called Pauly Saal & Bar and is run by Stephan Landwehr and Boris Radczun. In Kosher Classroom traditional are kosher dishes. There is a traditional Jewish Sabbath meal every Friday . The Kennedys Museum moved into the rooms on the second floor in November 2012 . The Michael Fuchs Gallery is on the third floor of the school , where contemporary art is exhibited. The Berlin Salon of the Frieder Burda Museum is also located here . Founded in autumn 2016 and closely linked to the museum in Baden-Baden , the salon is not just a project and showroom that accompanies and mediates the museum program and the collection of the parent company. Under the curatorial direction of Patricia Kamp, a place of exchange and discourse was created here, which is dedicated to promoting and communicating new forms of artistic expression.
architecture
The girls' school in Auguststrasse was built in 1927/1928 according to plans by the municipal master builder Alexander Beer with a floor space of around 3000 m² for around 300 female students in the New Objectivity style. It was one of the last pre-war buildings on property owned by the Berlin Jewish Community.
The school building is divided into two areas on the street side: the projecting tower with large metal windows and the building with the main entrance, which is offset inwards towards the edge of the block. The street and courtyard façades are designed with dark iron clinker bricks , plastered surfaces, painted wooden windows and dark steel windows.
The floors are connected by a spacious main staircase and a secondary staircase in the side wing. In addition to the gymnasium, the director's and teachers' rooms were on the ground floor. On the upper floors there were 14 classrooms, a large drawing room as well as handicraft and physics rooms.
On the courtyard side there is also an empty single building of this school that has not been renovated.
In order to stop the decay of the complex, but at the same time to preserve the character of the building and to meet the requirements of the monument protection , the gallery owner and initiator Michael Fuchs and the architects Grüntuch Ernst decided to carefully repair the street-side school parts. In the course of the restoration, the facades and room layouts from the time the building was built were preserved and restored.
Media coverage
The reopening and conversion of the Jewish Girls' School in Berlin met with great interest from the press.
“The fact that we live next door to the Berlin art scene and Jewish community is encouraging. Eighty years after its construction, the building has returned to the normality of an urban cultural meeting point, without surveillance cameras and security gates. When masses of visitors crowd through the house at vernissages , the gracefully grooved windows illuminate the surroundings like an oversized lantern - the Bauhaus spirit shines again. "
“The expected mid-coolness, however, cannot be found at Auguststrasse 11-13. Cosiness, yes, a new sense of home seems to have moved here. The only thing missing is the fireplace. In the 'Kosher classroom' there are stuffed animals hanging on the walls. Wood-paneled door frames, deep green seating in the Pauly-Saal restaurant, set up in the very high former gymnasium. The huge honey-yellow glass chandeliers are eye-catchers - hand-blown in the eponymous Italian Murano manufactory , made according to a design by Landwehr. "
“With the reopening of the girls' school as an artistic, culinary surprise bag this evening, the gentrification of Auguststrasse appears to be complete. In the early nineties, the artists came with the squatters. The opening of the Kunst-Werke KW diagonally opposite established the quarter as the experimental nucleus of the art boom. With the artists, the gallery came the speculators came to slum landlords came - so that is the Song of Songs of gentrification sung expulsion of the old population and Luxurisierung in inventories included ".
literature
- Hans Martin Sewcz : Berlin-Mitte May 1979 . Collection Regard, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-00-036579-9 .
- Günter Jordan : Berlin - Auguststrasse . Red bandana. Ed .: DEFA documentary film . 1979 ( film database ).
- Regina Scheer : Ahawah. The forgotten house: looking for clues in Berlin's Auguststrasse . Structure, Berlin 2004, ISBN 978-3-7466-1008-5 .
- Ayelet Bargur: Ahawah means love: the story of the Jewish children's home on Berlin's Auguststrasse . dtv 24521, Munich 2006, ISBN 978-3-423-24521-0 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Internet site of Michael Fuchs Verwaltungs GmbH on the history of the school , accessed on October 7, 2012
- ↑ Cooking & Art = Class. Jewish girls' school opened . n-tv ; Retrieved October 7, 2012
- ↑ tip-berlin.de
- ↑ berliner-kurier.de
- ↑ Website of the restaurant The Kosher Classroom ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed October 7, 2012
- ↑ Jewish girls' school - it lights up in the future . accessed on July 21, 2019
- ↑ Gabriela Walde: Jewish girls' school becomes an art center . Morgenpost.de; accessed on July 21, 2019
- ↑ Marcus Woeller: Instead of awakening only consolidation . taz.de, accessed on July 21, 2019
Coordinates: 52 ° 31 '34.9 " N , 13 ° 23' 40.1" E