Jack Teagarden and His Orchestra

Jack Teagarden in the Victor recording studio, New York, circa May 1947. Photo by William P. Gottlieb

Jack Teagarden and His Orchestra was an intermittent big band between 1939 and 1946 , directed by Jack Teagarden . “Seven years of bad luck”, commented the Teagarden biographer George Hoefer on this section, which ended “musically successful, but with the result of an unmanageable mountain of debt”. In 1947 Teagarden had to reduce his band to a combo format.

Band history

1939/40

The trombonist and singer Jack Teagarden worked for ten years with Ben Pollack and from 1936 to 1938 with Paul Whiteman and His Orchestra. After his contract with Whiteman expired at the end of 1938, he founded his own big band in early 1939. The orchestra made one of its first appearances in New York's Roseland Ballroom . The then music critic George T. Simon noted critically: “ Tonal [ what is meant is“ tonal ”and no orientation towards“ tonality ”] it is wonderful. You can dance to her rhythmically very well. Spiritually, she offers little inspiration. "

"Jack had formed the band in a quasi-partnership with Charlie Spivak , who played a wonderful lead trumpet," wrote Simon about the formation of the orchestra. "There were there other good musicians, the saxophonist Ernie Caceres , the jazz trumpeter Lee Castaldo , guitarist Allan Reuss and an excellent young clarinetist named Clint Garvin ." Had on February 20, 1939 Teagarden opportunity at New York's Paramount -Studio with his new orchestra to accompany the singer Hoagy Carmichael in a " Soundie " (directed by Leslie Roush). Hoagy Carmichael sang a. a. his hits "Two Sleepy People", "Washboard Blues", " Rockin 'Chair ", "Star Dust" and "Lazy Bones"; The singer Meredith Blake presented further numbers .

The first recording session of the new orchestra followed on April 14, 1939 in New York for Brunswick Records in a similar line-up, in which the tracks "Persian Rug" (arranged by Red Bone) and the two vocal numbers "The Sheik of Araby" (with Teagarden / Meredith Blake, vocals) and "Class Will Tell" were created. At the following studio appointments in New York ("I Gotta Right to Sing the Blues") and Chicago, Teagarden changed musicians and singers; added the trumpeter Lee Castle (Castaldo); Jean Arnold ("That's Right - I'm Wrong") and Linda Keene had the vocal parts in "White Sails (Beneath a Yellow Moon)", " featuring 16 men and a girl ", he said on the label of the record. "White Sails" made it to # 2 on the weekly radio program Your Hit Parade .

Dave Tough in Eddie Condon's Basement in 1947 . Photo Gottlieb .

On June 4, 1939, Jack Teagarden appeared with his orchestra on the radio show Fitch Summer Bandwagon Show ; further recordings for Brunswick in Chicago followed on June 23 and July 19; This time the arranger was Fred Van Eps . This resulted in titles such as "Especially for You", "Puttin 'and Takin'" or " Aunt Hagar's Blues ", a title by WC Handy that Teagarden had already recorded a year earlier with Paul Whiteman and His Swing Wing (Decca 2145). On August 22nd and 23rd, the group performed at Frank Dailey's Meadowbrook Club in Cedar Grove , New Jersey; the appearance - u. a. with the standards " Three Little Words ", "Stairway to the Stars" and the popular Basie number " One O'Clock Jump " in the program - was broadcast on the radio. Also there (as well as at the Columbia studio on August 23 and 25 in New York) was the young singer Kitty Kallen , to be heard in “I'm Takin 'My Time with You”, “I Wanna Hat with Cherries” "," I'll Remember "and" Hawaii Sang Me to Sleep ". Another new addition was the singer Dolores O'Neil , who also appeared in Cedar Grove ("Especially for You"), but soon left Teagarden's band.

In September 1939, at another concert at Frank Dailey's Meadowbrook , Dave Tough switched to the band for Jack's younger brother Clois "Cubby" Teagarden ; the pianist Jack Russin (the brother of Babe Russin ) came for John Anderson at the next studio appointment on September 25, 1939 ("Stop Kicking My Heart Around"). “Teagarden, always a generous person,” wrote George T. Simon , “paid [his musicians] well - too well indeed, because before a year had passed his financial generosity had reached its limits and he was forced to leave the band with cheaper musicians. ”Still, Teagarden is said to have owed $ 50,000 at the end of the first year of his big band's existence.

Charlie Spivak (Photo William P. Gottlieb)

In October 1939, Teagarden took on another vocal number with Kitty Kallen ("So Many Times") on the tracks "Red Wing", "Muddy River Blues", "United We Swing" and "Wolverine Blues". At the next session on November 1st (recorded on “Beale Street Blues”, “Somewhere a Voice Is Calling” and “Swingin 'on the Teagarden Gate”) Frank Ryerson came for the outgoing Charlie Spivak; Benny Pottle (bass) replaced Art Miller. On the CBS radio show Young Man With a Band in November, the orchestra played the Andy Razaf number "On Revival Day"; coupled with "Wolverine Blues" it was released on V-Disc .

The band leader went to a recording studio on February 5th and 8th, 1940 with a "completely renewed Teagarden group"; for Varsity, a sub-label of the United States Record Corporation founded in 1939 , the Jack Teagarden Orchestra recorded three other tracks, "Can't We Talk It Over?" " My Melancholy Baby " and "If I Could Be With You (One Hour Tonight ) "; Teagarden had already recorded the latter with Ben Pollack in 1930. John Fallstitch, Tom Gonsoulin (tp), Sid Feller (tp, arr), Jose Gutierrez, Seymour Goldfinger, Joe Ferrall (trb), Art St. John (as, bar), Jack Goldie, Tony Antonelli, Joe Ferdinando (as), Larry Walsh (ts), Nat Jaffe (p), Danny Perri (git), Arnold Fishkin (kb) and Paul Collins (dr), the arranger was the young pianist Phil Moore (1918–1987), who would later be successful as a band leader himself. Irving Szathmary arranged the songs Kitty Kallen sang for that session, " Love for Sale ", "You, You Darlin '", "The Moon and the Willow Tree" and "Wham [Re-bop-boom-bam]", a number by Eddie Durham and Taps Miller .

At the next (and penultimate) varsity session on April 15, 1940, the singer Marianne Dunn was added, heard in " Devil May Care ", "I Hear Bluebirds" and in "Night on the Shalimar"; the melody was based on a part of the Polovtsian dances from Alexander Borodin's opera Fürst Igor from 1888. Jack Teagarden was the vocalist in the oriental swing number “Fatima's Drummer Boy”. On July 4th, Jack Teagarden brought his musicians to the record studio one last time, again with a different line-up: the woodwind player Danny Polo replaced Benny Lagasse; The new band vocalist was David Allyn : The song numbers “Now I Lay Me Down to Dream”, “Wait Till I Catch You in My Dream” and “River Home” with Allyn and “And So Do I” with Marianne were recorded Thin.

Without being able to record records in the next few months, Jack Teagarden and his orchestra continued to perform, for example on December 11, 1940 in the Arcadia Ballroom in New York; the tracks "Dark Eyes [Otchitchornyia]", "Blue Mist" and "Frenesi" were retained as radio recordings. George Simon wrote of this phase of the band: “ The less well paid musicians worked hard and in the last quarter of 1940 Jack was again leading a band to be proud of. Stylistically, she reflected many of the good qualities of her leader: She sounded voluminous, earthy and masculine. "

1941-1944

On January 6, 1941, Teagarden's orchestra played four other tracks in the New York Decca studio, the ballads "It All Comes Back to Me Now", "Here's My Heart" with David Allyn, and the instrumental track "Frenesi" and "Accident'ly" on Purpose “, a song with vocalist Lynne Clark . A jazz version of Rachmaninoff's “ Prelude in C sharp minor ” followed on January 11 , as well as “Chicks Is Wonderful” and “Blues to the Lonely” (actually “Lonely Blues”), with Pokey Carriere (tp), Teagarden (vocals), Danny Polo (reeds), Ernie Hughes (p), Botkin, Arnold Fishkind (kb) and Paul Collins (dr) in a smaller cast. In May 1941 Teagarden accompanied the singer Bing Crosby with his orchestra in the Paramount music film Birth of the Blues , directed by Victor Schertzinger . Crosby presented in the film in addition to the title track (written by Ray Henderson , Buddy DeSylva and Lew Brown ) " St. James Infirmary ", " My Melancholy Baby " and "By the Light of the Silvery Moon", sang in a duo with Mary Martin he "Wait till the Sun Shines Nellie" and together with Teagarden and Martin "The Waiter and the Porter and the Upstairs Maid".

The Sherman Hotel in Chicago, where Teagarden's orchestra performed in late 1941.

The last Decca session took place on July 7th; Jack Teagarden brought Art Gold (tp) into the band to replace John Fallstitch, Fred Keller (trb) for Seymour Goldfinger and Myron Shapler (bass) for Arnold Fishkin. Four titles were recorded; Phil Moore contributed the instrumental numbers "A Rhythm Hymn" and "Prelude to the Blues", as well as "The Blues Have Got Me" (a song by Charlie LeVere ) and " Nobody Knows the Trouble I've Seen " with the band leader as vocalists. There were no more record sessions that year, only two so-called transcription sessions for the Standard Transcription Service on October 21-23, 1941 and December 17, 1941, with Kitty Kallen ("Has Anybody Here Seen Jackson") and David Allyn (“No Need to be Sorry”) as vocalists. In November and December '41 radio recordings were also made from the Sherman Hotel in Chicago; Teagarden can be heard as the singer in “Mr. Jessie ”and“ One Hundred Years from Today, ”a song by Victor Young and Ned Washington . A little later, Teagarden had to dissolve his orchestra for financial reasons.

In November 1942, Teagarden performed with his reactivating orchestra at the Shangri-La in Philadelphia; in August and September 1943 - it was the phase of the recording ban - appearances of the teagarden re-assembled big band from military bases in Wichita Falls, Texas, and Shreveport in Louisiana were recorded; The band vocalist was now Phyllis Lane , heard in numbers like "I Never Mention Your Name" (a song popularized in 1943 by Dick Haymes & The Song Spinners), "People Will Say We're in Love" (from the musical Oklahoma ! ) or " All or Nothing at All ", a number by Arthur Altman and Jack Lawrence. On November 5, 1943, the band made a guest appearance on the radio broadcast AFRS Spotlight Bands , broadcast from the Blythe military camp in California; Jack Teagarden sang one of his most famous songs in his repertoire, " Baby, Won't You Please Come Home ".

As Jack Teagarden's Chicagoans , Teagarden made an octet for Capitol Records in Los Angeles in November '43 with Billy May (tp), Heinie Beau (cl), Dave Matthews (ts), Joe Sullivan (p), Dave Barbour (git) , Artie Shapiro (kb) and Zutty Singleton (dr) together ("Stars Fell on Alabama"). In early 1944, the Billboard reported, "Jack Teagarden has made permanent residence in Los Angeles and will continue all of his band activities from there."

In August 1944 Jack Teagarden had an engagement with a newly formed orchestra in the Trianon Ballroom in Los Angeles; The band vocalist was again Phyllis Lane. This was followed by appearances at army bases, such as Camp Blanding, Jacksonville, Fort Briggs, North Carolina, and finally on December 19 at Charleston Air Field, South Carolina. At the end of 1944 Teagarden disbanded this band, in which Jimmy McPartland and his brother Charlie Teagarden also played at times .

1945/46

Jack Teagarden, Jack Lesberg, Max Kaminsky , and Peanuts Hucko , Eddie Condon's, New York, around July 1947, photo: Gottlieb

In March 1945 Jack Teagarden put together a big band again in Los Angeles for another standard transcriptions session; on April 11, 1946 there was one last regular studio session in Chicago; The band vocalist here was Christine Martin (“Saving You for Me”). Recorded were " I Gotta Right to Sing the Blues ", "Muskrat Ramble", " Way Down Yonder in New Orleans " and " Basin Street Blues ", as well as "On the Road to Mandalay" (a novelty song with Laurence Tibbett was successful in the 1930s); the recordings appeared on Teagarden's own label. In the following years, the musician worked with Louis Armstrong's All Stars (or in his sextet) as well as with his own, but smaller ensembles such as Jack Teagarden's Big Eight in 1947 , with Max Kaminsky , Peanuts Hucko , Cliff Strickland (ts), Gene Schroeder (p), Chuck Wayne , Jack Lesberg and Dave Tough or the Jack Teagarden Sextet (with Kaminsky, Hucko, Herbie Dawson (p), Tony Dell (kb), Willie Rodriguez (dr)).

Appreciation

The chronicler and contemporary George T. Simon sums it up: "Jack's career as a big band leader was short and relatively unspectacular, but it was always musical and often very inspiring." According to Digby Fairweather , Teagarden's band was "late - his first one." four years after the coronation of Benny Goodman to King of Swing set - and he often found himself at the mercy of dishonest agents delivered the convocations to think [for Militar] and simply his own inability to business concerns fast enough. "

For Richard Cook & Brian Morton , the orchestra's early recordings from 1939/40 tend towards "undemanding, commercial swing "; the titles with the vocalist Kitty Kallen dominated. Among the (few) instrumental numbers, “Wolverine Blues” and “The Blues” are worth highlighting. the three Decca sessions are an excellent vehicle for teagarden; he plays “with sovereign authority” titles like “Blue River”, “Black and Blue”, “The Blues Have Got Me” and above all “Nobody Knows the Trouble I've Seen”.

For George Simon, the recordings of the orchestra's first formation are characterized by “Jack's warm playing and singing as well as Spivak's brilliant trumpet [; she] made some excellent recordings of standards like 'The Sheik of Araby', 'I Gotta Right to Sing the Blues' (his signature tune), 'Aunt Hagar's Blues', 'Peg O' My Heart ',' Sometimes a Voice Is Calling 'and of course the most famous of his recordings, a swinging arrangement of' Red Wing '. "

Discography (shellac)

Title (A) Author (s)	Title (B) Author (s)	Release	Label number	Remarks
White Sails (Beneath A Yellow Moon) Charles Kenny, Harry Archer	Octoroon	1939	Brunswick 8388	Vocals Jack Teagarden (B)
I Gotta Right to Sing the Blues Harold Arlen , Ted Koehler	Yankee Doodle Van Ess	1939	Brunswick 8397	Singing Jack Teagarden (A), Jean Arnold (B)
Muddy River Blues Yaw	Wolverine Blues Morton - J. Spikes - B. Spikes	1939	Columbia 35297	Vocals Jack Teagarden (A)
Persian Rug Neil Moret	The Sheik Of Araby Francis Wheeler, Harry B. Smith, Ted Snyder	1939	Brunswick 8370	Vocals Jack Teagarden and Meredith Blake (B)
Two Blind Loves E. Y. Harburg , Harold Arlen	Hawaii Sang Me To Sleep Frank Loesser , Matty Malneck	1939	Columbia 35233	Singing Kitty Kallen (A, from The Marx Brothers in the Circus )
Especially for You Tucker-Grogan	You're the Moment in My Life	1939	Brunswick 8431
I Swung the Election	Aunt Hagar's Blues	1939	Columbia 35206
It's a Hundred to One (Teagarden, Kamper)	I'll Remember Teagarden - Lytle	1940	Columbia 35215	Singing Jack Teagarden (A), Kitty Kallen (B)
I Gotta Right to Sing the Blues Arlen - Koehler	United We Swing	1939	Okeh 6272	Vocals Jack Teagarden (A)
You know	The Little Man Who Wasn't There Harold Adamson , Bernie Hanighen	1939	Brunswick 8435	Vocals Jack Teagarden (A)
White Sails (Beneath A Yellow Moon) Charles Kenny, Harry Archer	Shabby Old Cabby	1940	Columbia - THU-2022	Singing: Linda Keene (A). The B-side was a title by Horace Heidt & His Musical Knights
Devil May Care Burke - Warren	Night of the Shalimar	1940	Montgomery Ward 10011 / Varsity 8278
Can't We Talk It Over	The blues	1940	Varsity 8218
If I Could Be with You (One Hour Tonight) Henry Creamer - James P. Johnson	My Melancholy Baby Ernie Burnett	1940	Varsity 8209
You you darlin '	The Moon and the Willow Tree Victor Schertzinger , Johnny Burke	1940	Varsity 8196	Vocals Kitty Kallen (A); B: A song from the movie The Road to Singapore 1940
I Hear Bluebirds Charles Tobias , Harry Woods	Fatima's drummer boy Eddy Breuder , Paul Rusincky	1940	Varsity 8273	Singing Marianne Dunne (A), Jack Teagarden (B)
Beale Street Blues	Swingin 'on zhe Teagarden Gate Fred Norman , Teagarden	1940	Columbia 35323	Vocals Jack Teagarden (A)
Rippling Waters Willie Smith	Peg O'My Heart Bryan- Fred Fisher	1940	Columbia - 35727
Somewhere a Voice Is Calling	Red Wing	1940	Columbia - 35450
The Blues Teagarden	If I Could Be with You Creamer- Johnson	1940	Philharmonic FR-83	The Philharmonic Label productions were made between 1939 and 1944 and were intended for sale by dealers of the Firestone Tire & Rubber Company .
Prelude In "C" Sharp Minor Rachmaninoff	Blues to the Lonely Teagarden	1941	Decca 3642
St. James Infirmary Trad.	Black and Blue Fats Waller	1941	Decca 3844	Singing Jack Teagarden
A rhythm hymn	Blue River	1941	Decca 4071
Dark Eyes Teagarden	Chicks Is Won'erful Sid Feller	1941	Decca - 3701
Prelude to the Blues Phil Moorer	The Blues Have Got Me Charles LeVere	1942	Decca 4409
Nobody Knows The Trouble I've Seen	A Hundred Years From Today Victor Young , Ned Washington	1942	Decca 4317
Undertow Teagarden	Pickin 'for Patsy Walter Donaldson	1942	Parlophone R 2556	A: "featuring Charlie Spivak"; B: "featuring Allan Reuss "
Octoroon Harry Warren	Pickin 'for Patsy Walter Donaldson	1942	Shelf Zonophone G24941	Vocals Jack Teagarden (A)
If I Could Be With You One Hour Tonight	Sheik Of Araby	1945	V-Disc 418	The B-side was a title from Hot Lips Page and the V-Disc All Stars (starring Johnny Guarnieri , Al Hall and Specs Powell )
On The Road To Mandalay Speakes - Kipling	Saving You For Me	1946	Jack Teagarden Presents RB-113	Vocals Christine Martin (B)
Basin Street Blues Cell Phone	Martian Madness	1946	Jack Teagarden Presents 11224	Vocals Jack Teagarden (A)
Why Dream / Passage Interdit	Beale Street Blues Cell Phone	1946	V-Disc 587	The A-side contained two titles from Major Glenn Miller 's Army Air Forces Overseas Orchestra
City Nights / Pixie from Dixie	On Revival Day / Wolverine Blues Andy Razaf or Spikes , Jelly Roll Morton , John Spikes	1947	V-Disc 724	The A-side contained two titles from Jack Jenney and His Band and Fletcher Henderson and His Band, respectively .

Discographic references (compilations)

Jack Teagarden, Victor studio (?), New York., Circa April 1947. Photo. William P. Gottlieb

Jack Teagarden and His Orchestra - 1939-1940 ( Classics )
Jack Teagarden and His Orchestra - 1940–1941 (Classics)
Jack Teagarden and His Orchestra - 1941–1943 (Classics)

Big Band Gems 1940-41 (recording from the Arcadia Ballroom, New York, December 1940)
Swingin 'On a Teagarden Gate - From The Archives (contains recordings from the Sherman Hotel in late 1941)
Spotlight On Jack Teagarden (Recorded by AFRS Spotlight Bands, Blythe, AAF Base, CA, November 5, 1943)
WBAL Presents Jack Teagarden & His Orchestra - The Blues (recordings of the Standard Transcriptions Session in Los Angeles from 1945)

Web links

Jack Teagarden and His Orchestra at Discogs (English)
Jack Teagarden and His Orchestra at Red Hot Jazz

Individual evidence

↑ Martin Kunzler : Jazz Lexicon. 2nd Edition. Rowohlt, Reinbek 2002, Volume 1: ISBN 3-499-16512-0 , Volume 2: ISBN 3-499-16317-9 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h George T. Simon : The golden era of big bands. Hannibal, Höfen 2004, ISBN 3-85445-243-8 , pp. 369-371.
↑ Hoagy Carmichael in the Internet Movie Database (English)
↑ The big band at this time were Charlie Spivak , Alec Fila, Carl Garvin (trumpet), Jose Gutierrez, Mark Bennett (trombone), Red Bone (trombone, arrangement), as well as the woodwinds Clint Garvin , Art St. John (cl, as), John Van Eps , Hub Lytle (ts, cl), Ernie Caceres (bar, ts, cl) as well as a rhythm section consisting of John Anderson (piano), Allan Reuss (guitar), Art Miller (bass) and Clois Teagarden (Drums) existed.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Tom Lord The Jazz Discography (online, accessed May 19, 2019)
↑ Clois Lee "Cubby" Teagarden in Find a Grave
^ Leo Walker: The Big Band Almanac. Ward Ritchie Press, Pasadena 1978, p. 394.
↑ Varsity at Discogs
↑ The title was also recorded by Lucius Antoine Tyson (1911-1972) alias Doctor Sausage & Five Pork Chops (Decca 7736; Tyson was successful ten years later as Doc Sausage And His Mad Lads with Rag Mop .), Also by Jimmie Lunceford and Teddy Wilson covered.
^ The American Dance Band Discography 1917–1942: Arthur Lange to Bob Zurke. ed. by Brian Rust . Arlington House Publ., New Rochelle 1975.
↑ Birth of the Blues in the Internet Movie Database (English)
^ Billboard Nov. 21, 1942, p. 23.
^ Billboard January 8, 1944, p. 13.
↑ Jack Teagarden and His Orchestra, 1944, with Clair Jones, Val Salata, Tex Williamson, Bob McLaughlin, Charlie Teagarden (tp), Jack Teagarden (tb, vcl), Wally Wells, Ray Olsen (trb), Dale Stoddard, Gish Gilbertson , Vic Rosi, Ken Harpster, Clark Crandall (reeds), Don Seidel (p), Don Tosti (kb), Frank Horrington (dr), Phyllis Lane (vcl)
↑ Jack Teagarden and His Orchestra, with Jerry Redmond, Andy Marchese, Tex Williamson, Nyles Davis (tp), Jack Teagarden (tb, vcl), Wally Wells, Chuck Smith, Kenny Martin (trb), Weyman Hunt (lead) Ray Skieraski , Johnny McDonald, Leon Radcliffe, Art Lyons, Ray Tucci (saxes), Bob Carter (p), Eddie Critchlow (git), Jim Hearne (kb), Bobby Fischer (dr).
↑ Ian Carr , Brian Priestley , Digby Fairweather (Eds.): Rough Guide Jazz. 1995, ISBN 1-85828-137-7 .
^ Richard Cook , Brian Morton : The Penguin Guide To Jazz on CD. 8th edition. Penguin, London 2006, ISBN 0-14-051521-6 .
^ Philharmonic at Discogs

[1] Martin Kunzler : Jazz Lexicon. 2nd Edition. Rowohlt, Reinbek 2002, Volume 1: ISBN 3-499-16512-0 , Volume 2: ISBN 3-499-16317-9 .

[simon-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h George T. Simon : The golden era of big bands. Hannibal, Höfen 2004, ISBN 3-85445-243-8 , pp. 369-371.

[3] Hoagy Carmichael in the Internet Movie Database (English)

[4] The big band at this time were Charlie Spivak , Alec Fila, Carl Garvin (trumpet), Jose Gutierrez, Mark Bennett (trombone), Red Bone (trombone, arrangement), as well as the woodwinds Clint Garvin , Art St. John (cl, as), John Van Eps , Hub Lytle (ts, cl), Ernie Caceres (bar, ts, cl) as well as a rhythm section consisting of John Anderson (piano), Allan Reuss (guitar), Art Miller (bass) and Clois Teagarden (Drums) existed.

[lord-5] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Tom Lord The Jazz Discography (online, accessed May 19, 2019)

[6] Clois Lee "Cubby" Teagarden in Find a Grave

[7] Leo Walker: The Big Band Almanac. Ward Ritchie Press, Pasadena 1978, p. 394.

[8] Varsity at Discogs

[9] The title was also recorded by Lucius Antoine Tyson (1911-1972) alias Doctor Sausage & Five Pork Chops (Decca 7736; Tyson was successful ten years later as Doc Sausage And His Mad Lads with Rag Mop .), Also by Jimmie Lunceford and Teddy Wilson covered.

[10] The American Dance Band Discography 1917–1942: Arthur Lange to Bob Zurke. ed. by Brian Rust . Arlington House Publ., New Rochelle 1975.

[11] Birth of the Blues in the Internet Movie Database (English)

[12] Billboard Nov. 21, 1942, p. 23.

[13] Billboard January 8, 1944, p. 13.

[14] Jack Teagarden and His Orchestra, 1944, with Clair Jones, Val Salata, Tex Williamson, Bob McLaughlin, Charlie Teagarden (tp), Jack Teagarden (tb, vcl), Wally Wells, Ray Olsen (trb), Dale Stoddard, Gish Gilbertson , Vic Rosi, Ken Harpster, Clark Crandall (reeds), Don Seidel (p), Don Tosti (kb), Frank Horrington (dr), Phyllis Lane (vcl)

[15] Jack Teagarden and His Orchestra, with Jerry Redmond, Andy Marchese, Tex Williamson, Nyles Davis (tp), Jack Teagarden (tb, vcl), Wally Wells, Chuck Smith, Kenny Martin (trb), Weyman Hunt (lead) Ray Skieraski , Johnny McDonald, Leon Radcliffe, Art Lyons, Ray Tucci (saxes), Bob Carter (p), Eddie Critchlow (git), Jim Hearne (kb), Bobby Fischer (dr).

[16] Ian Carr , Brian Priestley , Digby Fairweather (Eds.): Rough Guide Jazz. 1995, ISBN 1-85828-137-7 .

[17] Richard Cook , Brian Morton : The Penguin Guide To Jazz on CD. 8th edition. Penguin, London 2006, ISBN 0-14-051521-6 .

[18] Philharmonic at Discogs