Jakob Ettlinger

Rabbi Jakob Ettlinger, around 1850/60

Jakob Ettlinger (born March 17, 1798 in Karlsruhe ; died December 7, 1871 in Altona ) was a Talmudic scholar and Orthodox rabbi who, as the teacher of Samson Raphael Hirsch and Esriel Hildesheimer, paved the way for New Orthodoxy . According to his commentary on the Talmud, he is also called Ārūch laNer ( Hebrew ערוך לנר) called.

Life

Jakob Jokew Ettlinger ( Hebrew יעקב יוקב בן אהרן אטלינגר) grew up as the son of the Klaus rabbi Aron Mayer Ettlinger (1769–1849) and his wife Rachel geb. Ettlinger in Karlsruhe. Both parents were in turn descendants of the pious scholar Isaac von Ettlingen . In his parents' house and from the Baden Oberlandesrabbi Ascher Löw-Wallerstein he received a traditional Jewish education as well as an introduction to the analytical study of the Talmud. From 1816 to 1819 he studied at the yeshiva in Wurzburg at Abraham Bing and parallel, as one of the first Jews at the local university . “A large number of students flocked to Würzburg [...] to hear his learned words. Among the most important were the later Altona chief rabbi Jakob Ettlinger, the later London chief rabbi Nathan [Marcus] Adler , the Hamburg Chacham Is. [Aak] Bernays , R. [abbi] Elieser Bergmann and [...] Seligmann Bär Bamberger . " Bergmann and Ettlinger formed a Chavrusa in Würzburg (חברותא, d. i. a learning community). With his teacher Bing, Jakob Ettlinger and Isaak Bernays developed the concept of the "Tora im derech eretz" (תורה עם דרך ארץ), the connection between loyalty to the Torah and secular education.

Due to his radical orthodoxy in contradiction to the authoritative Upper Council of the Israelites of Baden , Ettlinger initially did not come into influential positions. From 1823 he was a rabbi at the Elias Wormser'schen Lehrhaus in Karlsruhe, and in 1825 he became primator at the Lemle-Moses-Klaus in Mannheim. In August of the same year, Jakob Ettlinger and Nanette "Gnendel" Wormser (1809–42), the daughter of the Karlsruhe mayor Kaufman Wormser, married.

In 1827 Rabbi Ettlinger became district rabbi in Ladenburg . After further disputes with reform-minded colleagues, in 1836, because of his reputation as an outstanding Talmudist, he was given a position with the High German Israelite Congregation in Altona and was appointed chief rabbi for Altona , Wandsbek and Schleswig-Holstein. His predecessor in this office, Akiba Israel Wertheimer , had died in 1835. From Altona, where he also exercised the office of rabbinical judge (Av Bet-Din), he developed a lively activity for Orthodoxy. In 1844, for example, he led the protest of 144 rabbis against the resolutions of an assembly of reform-minded colleagues in Braunschweig . He founded a Talmud college, a Palestine Agency and in 1845 the first journal to stand up against the reform efforts of the time: The Faithful Zion Guardian: Organ for the Protection of the Interests of Law-abiding Judaism , which was edited by Samuel Enoch .

Rabbi Ettlinger's comment on Aruch laNer (Eng. "Set in the light") on the six orders ( Hebrew ש״ס, Shas ) is part of the Talmudic canon today.

Seven children were born from her marriage to Gnendel, who died in 1842. From the second marriage with Sophie (Sheva) geb. Mayer had three other children. Four of his sons-in-law were also prominent Orthodox rabbis - Chief Rabbi Joseph Isaacsohn in Rotterdam, Salomon Cohn in Schwerin, Israel Meir Freimann in Ostrowo, and District Rabbi Moses Löb Bamberger in Kissingen.

Admor Jakob Ettlinger and Gnendel geb. Worms are buried in the Jewish cemetery in Hamburg-Altona , Sophie geb. Mayer at the Jewish cemetery in Bahrenfeld .

Works (selection)

• Bikkurei Yaakov. Altona, 1836 (via the treatise Sukkah ).
• Aruch laNer. Altona, 1850, etc. (Novellas on the Talmud).
• Binyan Tziyon. Altona, 1868 etc. (Responsa and sermons).
• Minchat Ani. Altona, 1874 uo (Homilies on the Pentateuch).
• Mincha Arucha. Jerusalem 2008 (Collected Writings. Ed .: Yehuda Aharon Horovitz).

literature

• Jeannette Strauss Almstad, Matthias Wolfes:  Jakob Ettlinger. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 20, Bautz, Nordhausen 2002, ISBN 3-88309-091-3 , Sp. 469-472.
• Judith Bleich: Jacob Ettlinger, his Life and Works. The Emergence of Modern Orthodoxy in Germany. New York University, New York 1974 (dissertation).
• Carsten Wilke : Jakob Ettlinger. In: Oberrat der Israeliten Baden (Hrsg.): Jüdisches Leben in Baden. 1809 to 2009. 200 years of senior councilor of the Israelites in Baden. Festschrift. Thorbecke, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-7995-0827-8 , pp. 225f.
• Anon .: Chief Rabbi Jakob Ettlinger. In: Der Israelit , December 20, 1871, pp. 940f.
• Ettlinger, Jacob , in: Encyclopaedia Judaica , 1971, Volume 6, Sp. 955f.

Web links

Commons : Jakob Ettlinger  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Article in Jewish Eye
• Article in The Jewish Hamburg
• Grave inscription epidat

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Rachel Heuberger: Aron Freimann and the Science of Judaism , Max Niemeyer Verlag, Tübingen, 2004, ISBN 3-484-65151-2 , p. 41
2. ↑ virtualjudaica.com ( Memento of the original from January 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
3. ↑ Herz Bamberger, History of the Rabbis of the City and District of Würzburg , Simon Bamberger (ed., Comp.), Wandsbek: Goldschmidt, 1905, p. 65. Omissions and additions in square brackets not in the original.
4. ↑ J. Hahn in http://www.alemannia-judaica.de/karlsruhe_rabbiner_lehrer.htm
5. ^ Rachel Heuberger: Aron Freimann and the Science of Judaism , Max Niemeyer Verlag, Tübingen, 2004, ISBN 3-484-65151-2 , p. 42