Nathan Marcus Adler
Nathan Marcus Adler ( January 15, 1803 in Hanover - January 21, 1890 in Brighton , Great Britain ) was a German-British rabbi and chief rabbi .
Life
Nathan Adler was the son of the Jewish scholar Markus Adler (from 1804 administrator of the land rabbinate in Hanover). After attending school, Nathan Adler studied theology and philology in Würzburg from 1826 and received his doctorate in 1828 at the University of Erlangen . One of his teachers at the Würzburg yeschiwa was Abraham Bing . “A large number of students flocked to Würzburg [...] to hear his learned words. Among the most important were the later Altona chief rabbi Jakob Ettlinger , the later London chief rabbi Nathan [Marcus] Adler, the Hamburg Chacham Is. [Aak] Bernays , R. [abbi] Elieser Bergmann and [...] Seligmann Bär Bamberger . "
In 1828 Adler was appointed ducal regional rabbi in the Duchy of Oldenburg , in 1829 he took over the Hanover regional rabbinate from his father. Here he was - as before in Oldenburg - responsible for the reorganization of the Jewish communities, including the "General Synagogue Order " (1832) and for the reform of the Jewish school system (including compulsory schooling).
After Adler had applied unsuccessfully as a rabbi in Berlin in 1842, he was elected Chief Rabbi of the British Empire in 1844 to succeed Solomon Hirschell and moved to London . His successor in Hanover was Samuel Ephraim Meyer .
Adler founded the "Jews College" in London in 1845, where he was responsible for the unification of all London synagogues to form the "United Synagogue" (1868). His son Hermann Adler succeeded him as Chief Rabbi of the Commonwealth .
Works
From Adler comes u. a. the five-volume commentary on “ Targum Onkelos ”, the Aramaic Torah in Romm's Pentateuch (Wilna 1875, numerous new editions), as well as a critical edition with translation and commentary on Benjamin von Tudela's travelogues .
- edited by: The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela , London 1907, reprinted by Feldheim, New York 1965, text (in Hebrew), translation and commentary (in English)
literature
- Peter Schulze : Contributions to the history of the Jews in Hanover . Hanover: Hahn 1998, pp. 60-80. ( Hannoversche Studien , Volume 6) ISBN 3-7752-4956-7
- Peter Schulze in: Dirk Böttcher , Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein, Hugo Thielen : Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2002, ISBN 3-87706-706-9 , pp. 23-24.
- Biographical handbook of the rabbis . Edited by Michael Brocke and Julius Carlebach . Part 1: The rabbis of the emancipation period in the German, Bohemian and Greater Poland countries 1781-1871 . Arranged by Carsten Wilke . Vol. 1: Aach-Juspa. Munich: Saur 2004, pp. 133-136. ISBN 3-598-24871-7
- Adolf Brüll : Adler, Nathan Marcus . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 45, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1900, pp. 704 f.
- Hans Friedl u. a. (Ed.): Biographical manual for the history of the state of Oldenburg . Edited on behalf of the Oldenburg landscape. Isensee, Oldenburg 1992, ISBN 3-89442-135-5 , p. 13 ( PDF; 4.6 MB ).
Web links
- Office of the Chief Rabbi: Past Chief Rabbis ( Memento from July 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) - Information on Nathan Marcus Adler (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Herz Bamberger, history of the rabbis of the city and the district of Würzburg , Simon Bamberger (ed., Comp.), Wandsbek: Goldschmidt, 1905, p. 65. Omissions and additions in square brackets not in the original.
- ↑ Encyclopaedia Judaica , Volume I (Aa-Alp), 2nd ed., Page 405
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Adler, Nathan Marcus |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Adler, Nathan Markus |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German and British rabbis |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 15, 1803 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Hanover |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 21, 1890 |
| Place of death | Brighton , UK |