Japanese pagoda tree

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Japanese pagoda tree
Two Japanese pagoda trees (Styphnolobium japonicum)

Two Japanese pagoda trees ( Styphnolobium japonicum )

Systematics
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe : Sophoreae
Genre : Styphnolobium
Type : Japanese pagoda tree
Scientific name
Styphnolobium japonicum
( L. ) Schott

The Japanese pagoda tree ( Styphnolobium japonicum ), also Honey Tree , pagoda tree , Perlschnurbaum , Japanese Perlschnurbaum , Japanese pagoda tree or after its sour-tasting seeds Sauer tree pods called, is a flowering plant in the subfamily of Schmetterlingsblütler (Faboideae).

description

illustration
inflorescence
fruit
Zygomorphic flowers

Appearance and leaf

The Japanese pagoda tree is a medium-sized, deciduous tree that reaches heights of up to 30 meters. The treetop is wide and round. The bark is gray-brown. For a long time, the bark of the branches is glossy green and covered with light-colored cork warts ( lenticels ).

The up to 25 centimeters long leaves are pinnate unpaired, usually 7 to 17 leaflets are formed. The leaflets are ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2.5 to 5 centimeters long, pointed and with a broadly wedge-shaped to rounded base. The top is glossy dark green, the underside bluish and densely hairy. The leaves are similar to those of the black locust, but they are bright yellow in autumn.

Inflorescence and flower

The flowering period extends from August to September. A terminal, loose, up to 30 centimeters long, paniculate inflorescence is formed. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic with a length of 1 to 1.5 centimeters and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five petals are creamy white.

Fruit and seeds

The fruits appear from August to October. The 5 to 8 centimeters long, bare legumes contain one to six seeds, which are separated by constrictions. The fruits have a sour taste. The seeds are yellowish-green and turn black-brown when dried.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.

Toxicity

All parts of the plant except for the flowers (see section “Use”) are described as highly poisonous; the bark and seeds, but especially the fruit skin, are mentioned.

The main active ingredients in the fruits are 0.08% sophorabioside , rutin and the like. a., in unripe fruits 2% sophoricoside , in the seeds cytisine , toxalbumine and sophoramine .

Symptoms of poisoning: The fruit peel is said to be highly poisonous. Subcutaneous injection of the extract is fatal to frogs, lizards and white mice. The injection causes a brief increase in blood sugar and glucosuria in warm-blooded animals , followed by dyspnoea and a decrease in red blood cells. The seed meal, if consumed regularly, is said to cause facial edema and even death.

Occurrence

The natural range of the Japanese pagoda tree stretches from Japan to Korea to China. However, it is also cultivated in other areas. It is found in steppe trees and dry forests on dry to fresh, weakly acidic to strongly alkaline, sandy, sandy-gravelly to sandy-loamy, nutrient-rich soils . It is sensitive to moisture, loves warmth, mostly frost hardy and prefers sunny to light-shaded locations.

Systematics

The Japanese pagoda tree ( Styphnolobium japonicum ) is a species of the genus Styphnolobium from the tribe Sophoreae in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae) within the legume family (Fabaceae).

The first publication took place in 1767 under the name ( Basionym ) Sophora japonica by Carl von Linné in Mantissa Plantarum , 1, p. 68. The new combination to Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott was in 1830 Heinrich Wilhelm Schott in the Viennese magazine for art, literature, theater and Mode , Volume 3, p. 844. Further synonyms for Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott are: Sophora griffithii subsp. korolkowii Yakovl. , Anagyris chinensis Sprengel , Macrotropis foetida DC. , Ormosia esquirolii H.Lév. , Pongamia chinensis DC. , Robinia mitis Lour. non L. , Sophora angustifoliola Q.Q. Liu & HYYe , Sophora japonica f. columnaris Schwerin , Sophora japonica f. hybrida Carrière , Sophora japonica f. oligophylla Franchet , Sophora japonica f. pendula Loudon , Sophora japonica var. praecox Schwerin , Sophora japonica var. pubescens (exchange) Bosse , Sophora japonica f. variegata Nichols. , Sophora japonica var. Vestita Rehder , Sophora japonica var. Violacea Carrière , Sophora mairei H.Lév. non Pampanini , Sophora pubescens exchange , Sophora sinensis Forrest , Sophora vaniotii H.Lév.

use

The Japanese pagoda tree is cultivated because of its decorative flowers as a nourishing plant for bees and in the temperate latitudes in parks and in avenues as an ornamental plant.

The flowers are used in Chinese cuisine and are prepared as an omelette with eggs and flour. Dishes and teas made from fresh and dried flowers are used in traditional Chinese medicine. The flowers are said to have anti-hypertensive and anti-inflammatory effects.

literature

Web links

Commons : Japanese pagoda tree ( Styphnolobium japonicum )  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Styphnolobium japonicum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
  2. ^ Website of the Berlin Senate with details on the pagoda trees on the Gendarmenmarkt . Retrieved March 16, 2014
  3. ↑ a b c d e Bojian Bao, Michael A. Vincent: Sophora. : Sophora japonica , p. 92 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 10 - Fabaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7 .
  4. ↑ a b c d Lutz Roth, Max Daunderer, Kurt Kormann: Toxic Plants, Plant Poisons . 4th edition. Nikol, Hamburg 1994, ISBN 3-933203-31-7 , pp. 672 .
  5. ↑ a b c d Andreas Roloff, Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods . Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , pp. 605 .
  6. ^ Sophora japonica at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  7. ↑ a b c Lutz Roth, Max Daunderer , Kurt Kormann: Poison plants plant poisons. Occurrence, effect, therapy. Allergic and phototoxic reactions. With a special section about poisonous animals. 6th, revised edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-86820-009-6 .
  8. ↑ Flowers bring flavor to specialty dishes. China Daily, accessed May 20, 2012 .
  9. ↑ Sophora japonica - Japanese Pagoda Tree. Practical Plants Database, accessed May 15, 2015 .