Sophoreae

Sophoreae
Sophora denudata
Systematics
Rosids Eurosiden I Order : Fabales (Fabales) Family : Legumes (Fabaceae) Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae) Tribe : Sophoreae
Scientific name
Sophoreae
Polhill

Sophoreae is a tribe in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae) within the family of the legumes (Fabaceae). The species of this tribe are among the most primitive in this subfamily.

description

Illustration of details of some types of tribes

Ammodendron

Amphimas pterocarpoides

Bolusanthus speciosus

Calia secundiflora

Australian chestnut ( Castanospermum australe )

American yellowwood flowers ( Cladrastis kentukea )

Maackia amurensis

Sophora alopecuroides

Flowers of the Sophora chrysophylla

Sophora microphylla

Flowers of the Sophora tetraptera

Sophora tomentosa

Japanese pagoda tree ( Styphnolobium japonicum )

Vegetative characteristics

They are woody plants: evergreen or deciduous shrubs and trees , rarely lianas (example: Bowringia callicarpa ); or perennial herbaceous plants . The leaves are often pinnate or fingered. Stipules are present or absent.

Generative characteristics

There are lateral or terminal, racemose or paniculate inflorescences . The flowers are zygomorphic to almost radial symmetry and often five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are fused to different extents. The seldom one to five petals can be white, yellow or purple. There are usually ten (six to thirty) stamens present. The stamens can all be completely free or the outermost ones can be fused up to half their length, rarely nine are fused up to far above. The dust bags are all the same. The single carpel contains one to a few ovules .

It will not be in all types legumes formed, but also wing nuts (Samaras) are winged. The kidney-shaped, elliptical or spherical seeds have a small hilum and sometimes an aril .

The basic chromosome numbers in the tribe range from x = 8 to 14, the most common are x = 11 and x = 9.

Systematics and distribution

Species of the Sophoreae tribe thrive in the tropical and temperate areas of the New World and the Old World .

The tribe Sophoreae consists of 42 to 46 genera (complete list according to GRIN) with about 370 to 400 species:

• Acosmium Schott : It contains about 16 species:
  • Acosmium bijugum (bird) Yakovlev
  • Acosmium brachystachyum (Benth.) Yakovlev
  • Acosmium dasycarpum (Vogel) Yakovlev
  • Acosmium diffusissimum (Mohlenbr.) Yakovlev
  • Acosmium fallax (Taub.) Yakovlev
  • Acosmium glaziovianum (Harms) Yakovlev
  • Acosmium lentiscifolium Schott
  • Acosmium mohlenbrockii Yakovlev
  • Acosmium nitens (bird) Yakovlev
  • Acosmium panamense (Benth.) Yakovlev
  • Acosmium parvifolium (Harms) Yakovlev
  • Acosmium praeclarum (Sandwith) Yakovlev
  • Acosmium subelegans (Mohlenbr.) Yakovlev
  • Acosmium tenuifolium (bird) Yakovlev
  • Acosmium tomentellum (Mohlenbr.) Yakovlev
  • Acosmium trichonema Rizzini
• Airyantha Brummitt : It contains about two types:
  • Airyantha borneensis (olive) Brummitt
  • Airyantha schweinfurthii (Taub.) Brummitt
• Alexa Moq. : It is a purely neotropical genus with around nine tree species:
  • Alexa bauhiniiflora Ducke
  • Alexa canaracunensis Pittier
  • Alexa confusa Pittier
  • Alexa cowanii Yakovlev
  • Alexa grandiflora Ducke
  • Alexa herminiana N. Ramírez
  • Alexa imperatricis (RHSchomb.) Baill.
  • Alexa leiopetala Sandwith
  • Alexa surinamensis Yakovlev
  • Alexa wachenheimii Benoist
• Ammodendron fish. ex DC. : It contains four to eight shrub species:
  • Ammodendron bifolium (Pall.) Yakovlev
  • Ammodendron conollyi Boiss.
  • Ammodendron eichwaldii Ledeb.
  • Ammodendron karelinii fish. & CAMey.
• Amphimas Pierre ex Harms : The three to four species are common in western and central Africa:
  • Amphimas ferrugineus Pellegr.
  • Amphimas pterocarpoides Harms
  • Amphimas tessmannii Harms
• Angylocalyx Deaf. : It contains about five types:
  • Angylocalyx boutiqueanus L.Touss.
  • Angylocalyx braunii Harms
  • Angylocalyx oligophyllus (Baker) Baker f.
  • Angylocalyx pynaertii De Wild.
  • Angylocalyx schumannianus Taub.
• Baphia Afzel. ex Lodd. et al. (Syn .: Bracteolaria Hochst. ): It contains about two types:
  • Baphia capparidifolia Baker
  • Baphia madagascariensis C.H. Stirt. & You Puy
• Bolusanthus Harms : With only one species:
  • Bolusanthus speciosus (Bolus) Harms : It is common in Botswana , Kenya , Malawi , Mozambique , South Africa , Swaziland , Uganda , Zambia and Zimbabwe .
• Bowdichia Kunth : It contains two to four species:
  • Bowdichia nitida Benth.
  • Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth
• Cadia Forssk. (Syn .: Panciatica G.Piccioli , Pseudocadia Harms ): Six species occur in Madagascar and one species is common in Ethiopia , Kenya and Somalia :
  • Cadia commersoniana Baill.
  • Cadia ellisiana Baker
  • Cadia emarginatior M. Pelt.
  • Cadia pedicellata Baker
  • Cadia pubescens Bojer ex Baker
  • Cadia purpurea (G.Piccioli) Aiton : Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia
  • Cadia rubra R.Vig.
• Mescal beans ( Calia Téran & Berland. Ex Yakovlev ): It contains about four types, including:
  • Calia arizonica (S.Watson) Yakovlev
  • Mescal bean ( Calia secundiflora (Ortega) Yakovlev )
• Camoensia Welw. ex Benth. & Hook. f. (Syn .: Giganthemum Welw. ): It contains about two types:
  • Camoensia brevicalyx Benth.
  • Camoensia scandens (Welw.) JB Gillett
• Castanospermum A. Cunn. ex Hook. : It contains one or two species in subtropical Australia and New Caledonia :
  • Australian chestnut ( Castanospermum australe A.Cunn. & C.Fraser )
• Cladrastis Raf. (Syn .: Platyosprion (Maxim.) Maxim. ): It contains four to seven species:
  • American yellowwood ( Cladrastis kentukea (Dum. Cours.) Rudd )
  • Cladrastis parvifolia C.Y.Ma
  • Cladrastis platycarpa (Maxim.) Makino
  • Cladrastis scandens C.Y.Ma
  • Cladrastis sikokiana (Makino) Makino
  • Cladrastis sinensis Hemsl.
  • Cladrastis wilsonii Takeda
• Clathrotropis (Benth.) Harms : It contains about six species:
  • Aromata (Clathrotropis brachypetala ( Tul. ) Kleinhoonte )
  • Clathrotropis brunnea Amshoff
  • Clathrotropis glaucophylla Cowan
  • Clathrotropis macrocarpa Ducke
  • Clathrotropis nitida (Benth.) Harms
• Dalhousiea Wall. ex Benth. : It contains about three types:
  • Dalhousiea africana S.Moore
  • Dalhousiea bracteata (Roxb.) Benth.
  • Dalhousiea paucisperma handle.
• Dicraeopetalum Harms (Syn .: Lovanafia M. Peltier ): The only two are common in Madagascar :
  • Dicraeopetalum capuronianum (M. Pelt.) Yakovlev
  • Dicraeopetalum mahafaliense (M.Pelt.) Yakovlev
• Diplotropis Benth. : The approximately twelve species are distributed in South America ( Colombia and Venezuela to Peru and Bolivia ).
• Dussia Krug & Urb. ex deaf. (Syn .: Cashalia Standl. , Vexillifera Ducke ). It contains about ten species:
  • Dussia coriacea Pierce
  • Dussia cuscatlanica (Standl.) Standl. & Steyerm.
  • Dussia discolor (Benth.) Amshoff
  • Dussia foxii Rudd
  • Dussia lehmannii Harms
  • Dussia macroprophyllata (Donn. Sm.) Harms
  • Dussia martinicensis Deaf.
  • Dussia mexicana (Standl.) Harms
  • Dussia sanguinea Urb. & Ekman
  • Dussia tessmannii Harms
• Haplormosia Harms : it contains only one type:
  • Haplormosia monophylla (Harms) Harms : It is widespread in western and central Africa (Sierra Leone to Gabon).
• Leucomphalos Benth. ex planch. (Syn .: Baphiastrum Harms ): It contains only one species:
  • Leucomphalos mildbraedii (Harms) Breteler
• Luetzelburgia Harms : It contains about eleven species.
  • Luetzelburgia andrade-limae H.C. Lima
  • Luetzelburgia auriculata (Allemao) Ducke
  • Luetzelburgia bahiensis Yakovlev
  • Luetzelburgia guaissara Toledo
  • Luetzelburgia pallidiflora (Rizzini) HCLima
  • Luetzelburgia praecox (Harms) Harms
  • Luetzelburgia reitzii Burkart
  • Luetzelburgia trialata (Ducke) Ducke
• Maackia Rupr. (Syn .: Buergeria Miq. ): The approximately ten species distributed in eastern Asia.
• Monopteryx Spruce ex Benth. : The three to four species are distributed in northern South America (Colombia, Venezuela, French Guiana and the Amazon region of Brazil):
  • Monopteryx angustifolia Benth.
  • Monopteryx inpae W.A.Rodrigues
  • Monopteryx uaucu Benth.
• Myrocarpus Allemão : The five or so species are common in South America.
  • Myrocarpus emarginatus ALBSartori & AMGAzevedo
  • Myrocarpus fastigiatus Allemão
  • Myrocarpus frondosus Allemão
  • Myrocarpus leprosus pimples
  • Myrocarpus venezuelensis Rudd
• Myrospermum Jacq. : It contains only one type:
  • Myrospermum frutescens Jacq.
• Balsam trees ( Myroxylon L. f. , Syn .: Toluifera L. ): It contains only two species:
  • Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms
  • Myroxylon peruiferum L. f.
• Neoharmsia R.Vig. : It contains only two species in northern and northwestern Madagascar:
  • Neoharmsia baronii (Drake) R.Vig. emend. Peltier
  • Neoharmsia madagascariensis R.Vig.
• Ormosia Jacks. (Syn .: Anatropostylia (Plitmann) Kupicha , Fedorouia Yakovlev , Layia Hook. & Arn. , Macrotropis DC. , Macroule Pierce , Ormosiopsis Ducke , Placolobium Miq. , Podopetalum F.Muell. , Ruddia Yakovlev , Toulichiba Adans. , Trichocyamos Yakovlev ) : It contains about 37 species.
• Panurea Spruce ex Benth. & Hook. f. : It contains one or two species in Colombia and Brazil:
  • Panurea longifolia Benth.
• Pericopsis Thwaites (Syn .: Afrormosia Harms ): It contains about four species:
  • Pericopsis angolensis (Baker) Meeuwen
  • Pericopsis elata (Harms) Meeuwen
  • Pericopsis laxiflora (Baker) Meeuwen
  • Pericopsis mooniana Thwaites
• Petaladenium Ducke : it contains only one species:
  • Petaladenium urceoliferum Ducke : It occurs on the Rio Negro in Brazil.
• Sakoanala R.Vig. : The only two species are common in Madagascar:
  • Sakoanala madagascariensis R.Vig.
  • Sakoanala villosa R.Vig.
• Salweenia Baker f. : It contains only one type:
  • Salweenia wardii Baker f. : It occurs in the eastern Tiber as well as in western Sichuan .
• Cord trees ( Sophora L. , Syn .: Broussonetia Ortega , Cephalostigmaton (Yakovlev) Yakovlev , Echinosophora Nakai , Edwardsia Salisb. , Goebelia Bunge ex Boiss. , Keyserlingia Bunge ex Boiss. , Vexibia Raf. ): There are about 70 species, selection:
  • Sophora affinis Torr. & A.Gray
  • Sophora albescens (Rehder) CYMa
  • Sophora albo-petiolulata Léonard
  • Sophora alopecuroides L.
  • Sophora arizonica S. Watson
  • Sophora bakeri Prain
  • Sophora benthamii Steenis
  • Sophora brachygyna C.Y.Ma
  • Sophora chrysophylla (Salisb.) Seem.
  • Sophora conzattii Standl.
  • Sophora davidii (Franch.) Pavol.
  • Sophora denudata Bory
  • Sophora microphylla Ait.
  • Sophora tetraptera J.F. Mill.
  • Sophora tomentosa L.
  • Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep.
  • Toromiro ( Sophora toromiro Skottsb. ): She is endemic to Easter Island .
• Spirotropis Tul. : The two to three species are distributed in northern South America (Venezuela, Guyana , Suriname , French Guiana and the Amazon region of Brazil).
• Styphnolobium Schott : It contains about nine species:
  • Styphnolobium affine (Torr. & A. Gray) Walp.
  • Styphnolobium burseroides M. Sousa , Rudd & Medrano
  • Styphnolobium caudatum M.Sousa & Rudd
  • Styphnolobium conzattii (Standl.) M.Sousa & Rudd
  • Japanese pagoda tree ( Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott ; Syn .: Sophora japonica L. )
  • Styphnolobium monteviridis M.Sousa & Rudd
  • Styphnolobium parviflorum M. Sousa & Rudd
  • Styphnolobium protantherum M. Sousa & Rudd
  • Styphnolobium sporadicum M.Sousa & Rudd
• Sweetia Spreng. (Syn .: Ferreirea Allemão ): It contains about two types:
  • Sweetia atrata Mohlenbr.
  • Sweetia fruticosa Spreng.
• Uleanthus Harms : It contains only one species:
  • Uleanthus erythrinoides Harms : It is widespread in the Amazon region.
• Uribea Dugand & Romero : It contains only one species:
  • Uribea tamarindoides Dugand & Romero : It occurs in Costa Rica and Colombia
• Xanthocercis Baill. : It contains only one type:
  • Xanthocercis madagascariensis Baill. (Syn .: Cadia anomala Vatke , Pseudocadia anomala (Vatke) Harms ): It thrives at altitudes from 0 to 500 meters in Madagascar only in the provinces of Antsiranana , Mahajanga and Toamasina .

swell

• Hang Sun, Bojian Bao, Michael A. Vincent: Sophoreae. , P. 72 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 10 - Fabaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St Louis, 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7 . (Sections Description and Systematics)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Sophoreae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 14, 2015.
2. ↑ International Legume Database - ILDIS = International Legume Database & Information Service , Version 10.01. dated November 2005.
3. ↑ ^{a b c d} Fabaceae at Tropicos.org. In: Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

Web links

Commons : Sophoreae  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Information on the genus Myrocarpus and the tribe. (Portuguese + English abstract)
• M. Noori, MSJ Simmonds, M. Ingrouille: Chromosome studies of iranian members of Tribe Sophoreae (Family Leguminosae). In: Journal of Sciences Islamic Republic of Iran , Volume 12, Issue 2, 2001, pp. 111-116. Full text PDF.
• Species numbers and distribution of individual genera in Legumes of the world .
• Sophoreae at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

further reading

• RT Pennington, CH Stirton, BD Schrire: "Tribe Sophoreae." In: G. Lewis, B. Schrire, B. Mackinder, M. Lock: Legumes of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2005, ISBN 1900347806 , pp. 227-249.