Jean-Louis de Bussy-Rabutin
Jean-Louis de Rabutin, comte de Bussy (dt. Johann Ludwig von Rabutin-Bussy ) (* 1642 in Paris , † November 16, 1717 in Vienna ) was an officer of French descent in the imperial service .
family
He came from an old Burgundian noble family and was the son of the French military and writer Roger de Bussy-Rabutin and his wife Gabrielle de Toulongeon. Bishop Michel-Celse-Roger de Bussy-Rabutin was his half-brother. He himself married Princess Dorothea Elisabeth of Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg in 1682. The marriage resulted in the son Amadeus , who later became a general and envoy.
Life
De Rabutin entered the military service of Charles of Lorraine and switched to imperial service shortly before the second siege of Vienna . He served as a lieutenant colonel in a dragoon regiment that occupied Wiener Neustadt during the siege of Vienna . From there it threatened roaming Ottoman troops.
He fought at Ofen and Neuhäusel during the great Turkish war . He was promoted to colonel ( colonel ) in 1686 by the supreme commanding Elector Max Emanuel of Bavaria and was given command of a regiment. In the same year he became general sergeant . He excelled in other battles. In Belgrade , he was severely wounded by a chest shot 1688th
Later he served on the Rhine without showing himself particularly well. In 1691 he served in Italy under Eugene of Savoy . When he invaded the Dauphiné in 1692, he led the avant-garde and was promoted to field marshal lieutenant that same year . De Rabutin was in command of the capture of Guillestre, which was defended by strong Spanish forces . When the army withdrew, he commanded the rearguard. In 1693 he captured Fort St. Brigitte in preparation for the siege of Pignerol by Duke Viktor Amadeus. In the defeat of Orbessan , partly to blame , de Rabutin stood out again. In 1694 and the following year he was sent to Milan and Vienna on diplomatic missions . In Vienna he got to know Emperor Leopold I better.
The emperor promoted him to general of the cavalry and gave him command in Transylvania . Shortly after he had taken the first measures there, he received the order from the Supreme Commander in Hungary, Elector Friedrich August von Sachsen , to advance against Temesvar . In 1696 he took part in the lost battle of Olasch . He managed to save a large part of his troops and return them to Transylvania. A year later he marched to Hungary in support of Eugene of Savoy, where he succeeded in deceiving the Ottomans and uniting his troops with those of Eugene. At the council of war before the battle of Zenta , he was one of the few who endorsed Eugen's plan to attack the entrenched enemy before he had crossed the Tisza. In the battle he commanded the left wing. After the battle, he marched to Temesvar, took Uf-Palanka and returned to Transylvania. He put down an uprising in Sibiu and prevented the Tatars from invading .
The Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699 ended the great Turkish war, but things continued to ferment in Transylvania. The riots were further fueled by the Kuruzenkrieg since 1703 and Rabutin could not prevent the estates from electing Franz II Rákóczi as prince. He had to give up the fortified Cluj-Napoca in 1704 and moved to Sibiu . Numerous insurgents were killed there, others had to flee. He had the leaders of the rebels captured and the Chancellor of Transylvania executed. De Rabutin had the goods of the leading rebels confiscated and used the proceeds to pay his troops. He was also successful in the following fights, but then came on the defensive due to the superiority of his opponents. The most important cities were meanwhile in the hands of the insurgents and the possible retreat to Wallachia was cut off. The new Emperor Joseph I appointed de Rabutin field marshal in the course of his accession to the throne and promised help. But this did not happen at first.
Rabutin had to leave Hermannstadt with only 1,300 men and retreat to Karlsburg , where he met the troops of Field Marshal Ludwig von Herbeville . This changed the situation and the imperial could take the initiative again. Rabutin and Herbeville called the state parliament to allow the nobility to pay homage to the emperor. Then de Rabutin was ordered to fight the uprising in Hungary. This campaign was unsuccessful because the insurgents avoided a battle. Rabutin then withdrew to Styria . In the meantime, Transylvania was almost lost. He also lost his command in Transylvania through intrigues at court. Instead, he was appointed a member of the State Council. He protested and asked to be sent to Transylvania again. This was granted in 1708 and, with the help of Field Marshal Georg Friedrich von Kriechbaum, he largely succeeded in suppressing the uprisings. He returned to Vienna and asked for his release. In 1712 he was appointed a secret council.
literature
- CA Schweigerd: Austria's heroes and military leaders: from Maximilian I to the most recent times. Vol. 2. Grimma 1853, pp. 883–889 ( digitized version )
- Gerhard Seewann : Rabutin-Bussy, Johann Ludwig Graf . In: Biographical Lexicon on the History of Southeast Europe . Volume 4. Munich 1981, p. 1 f.
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Bussy-Rabutin, Jean-Louis de |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Rabutin comte de Bussy, Jean-Louis de; Rabutin-Bussy, Johann Ludwig von |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | imperial field marshal |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1642 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Paris |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 16, 1717 |
| Place of death | Vienna |