Jean Molinet

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Jean Molinet presents his book Philipp von Kleve-Ravenstein (1500)

Jean Molinet (* 1435 in Desvres ( Boulogne-sur-Mer ), † August 23, 1507 in Valenciennes ) was a French poet , chronicler of the Central French language , cleric and Franco-Flemish composer of the Renaissance .

Live and act

No information has been passed on about the early period or the stations of Jean Molinet's training. The first news concerns his entry into the service of Duke Amadeus IX. of Savoy in 1467, where he stayed for several years. He then went to the Burgundian court of Duke Charles the Bold , who appointed him historiographer (chronicler) and court poet in 1475 as the successor to the late Georges Chastellain . In this function he stayed with the subsequent dukes Maximilian (reign 1477-1482) and Philip the Fair (reign 1482-1506) at the ducal court of Burgundy. Here he was friends with musicians and composers such as Johannes Ockeghem , Loyset Compère , Verjus and Antoine Busnoys . For the last three he wrote poems, for Ockeghem († February 6, 1497) he wrote a Latin and a French lament for the dead (“Qui dulces modulando” and “Nymphes de bois”); the latter was set to music by Josquin Desprez . The Chroniques written by him as a historiographer (edited by Georges Doutrepont and Omer Jodogne in the 1930s) contain many naive but realistic allusions to the musical accompaniment of outstanding events that took place at the Burgundian court. There is some direct and a number of indirect evidence of his work as a composer. Later he worked as a librarian in the service of Margaret of Austria , who resided in Mechelen and Brussels . During his life he was also made a canon in Valenciennes and died there in August 1507.

meaning

Jean Molinet belonged to the Burgundian poetry school of the Grands Rhétoriqueurs , whereby the poetic form of language for him represents "une espèce de musique appelée rythmique" (a genre of music called rhythm), which he assigns to the musique naturelle and from the musique artificielle (i.e. the vowel and instrumental music). His religious poems have a clear focus on the veneration of Mary. In his Dialogue du gendarme et de l'amoureux and in the Oraison à la Vierge Marie numerous song beginnings are quoted. After Molinet's writing activity, his activity as a musician and composer tends to take second place. In the rondeau “Tart ara mon cuer plaisance” (handed down in a three-part and a four-part version), in addition to Heinrich Isaac , Jean Molinet is also named as the author in numerous manuscripts, and not only in the text. A clear indication of his musical creative activity can also be found in the so-called musician motet “Omnium bonorum plena” by Loyset Compère; Molinet is named here within a group of composers who worked in Cambrai between 1460 and 1470 - even if there is no other evidence of Molinet's stay in Cambrai. His nephew Jean Lemaire de Belges called him the “chef souverain des poètes”, and Paul Zumthor saw in him “one of the greatest poets of the French language” (page 1231).

Works

  • Le romant de la rose moralisé cler et net translaté de rime en prose par vostre humble Molinet , Lyon, Balsarin, 1503; Paris 1511, 1521 (prose version of the rose novel )
  • L'art et science de rhetorique, in: Recueil d'arts de seconde rhetorique , edited by Ernest Langlois , Paris, Imprimerie nationale (Collection de documents inédits sur l'histoire de France), 1902, pages 214-252
  • Chroniques de Jean Molinet , edited by Georges Doutrepont and Omer Jodogne , 3 volumes, Brussels, Palais des Académies, 1935–1937
  • Les faictz et dictz , edited by Noël Dupiré (1878–1951), 3 volumes, Paris, Société des anciens textes français, 1936–1939
  • Le mystère de Judith et Holofernés. Une édition critique de l'une des parties du "Mistere du Much Testament" , edited by Graham A. Runnalls, Geneva, Droz, 1995
  • Les pronostications joyeuses , critically edited by Jelle Koopmans and Paul Verhuyck, Geneva, Droz, 1998

Literature (selection)

  • M. Brenet: Quelques passages des poésies de Jehan Molinet concernant la musique. In: Bulletin de la Societé française de musicologie No. 1, 1917–1919, pages 21–27
  • Noël Dupiré: Jean Molinet. La Vie. Les Oeuvres , Droz, Paris 1932 (Thèse de Sorbonne)
  • Noël Dupiré: Étude critique des manuscrits et éditions des poésies de Jean Molinet , Droz, Paris 1932 (Thèse complémentaire de Sorbonne)
  • A. van der Linden: La Musique dans les chroniques de Jean Molinet. In: Mélanges E. Closson, Brussels 1948, pp. 166–180
  • C. MacClintock: Molinet, Music and Medieval Rhetoric. In: Musica disciplina No. 13, 1959, pages 109-121
  • F. Ferrand: Le Grand Rhétoriqueur Jean Molinet et la chanson polyphonique. In: Musique, littératute et société, edited by D. Buschinger / A. Crépin, Paris [1980], pp. 395-407
  • C. Goldberg: Militat omnis amans. Quotation and quotation in Molinet's "Le débat du viel Gendarme et du viel amoureux" and Ockeghem's chanson "L'autre d'antan". In: Die Musikforschung No. 42, 1989, pages 341-349
  • Jean Devaux: Jean Molinet. Indiciaire bourguignon , Champion, Paris 1996 (dissertation at the University of Liège 1995)
  • David Fallows: Jean Molinet and the Lost Burgundian Court Chansonniers of the 1479s. In: Congress report Wolfenbüttel 1992, edited by M. Staehelin, Wiesbaden 1998, pages 35–42 (= Wolfenbütteler Forschungen No. 83)
  • J.-L.- Margolin: A travers quelques déplorations: Pour un "tombeau" littéraire et musical de Jean de Ockeghem. In: Festschrift for J.-M. Vaccato, edited by Fr. Lesure / H. Vanhulst, Paris 1998, pages 289-315
  • Hélène Servant: Artistes et gens de lettres à Valenciennes à la fin du Moyen Âge vers 1440–1507 , Klincksieck, Paris 1998
  • Philippe Frieden, La lettre et le miroir. Ecrire l'histoire d'actualité selon Jean Molinet , Champion, Paris 2013
  • Jean Devaux (Editor): Jean Molinet et son temps. Actes des rencontres internationales de Dunkerque, Lille et Gand ( November 8-10, 2007) , Estelle Doudet and Elodie Lecuppre-Desjardin, Turnhout / Brepols 2013 (with list of publications)

Manual information

  • Laffont-Bompiani: Le nouveau dictionnaire des auteurs de tous les temps et de tous les pays , Paris 1994, page 2204 (Bouquins series)
  • Paul Zumthor: “Molinet, Jean”, in: Dictionnaire des écrivains de langue française , edited by Jean-Pierre Beaumarchais, Daniel Couty and Alain Rey, Larousse, Paris 2001, pages 1230–1233

Web links

Commons : Jean Molinet  - collection of images, videos and audio files

swell

  1. ^ Oskar Roth:  Molinet, Jean. In: Ludwig Finscher (Hrsg.): The music in past and present . Second edition, personal section, volume 12 (Mercadante - Paix). Bärenreiter / Metzler, Kassel et al. 2004, ISBN 3-7618-1122-5 , Sp. 309-310 ( online edition , subscription required for full access)
  2. ↑ Marc Honegger, Günther Massenkeil (ed.): The great lexicon of music. Volume 5: Köth - Mystical Chord. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau a. a. 1981, ISBN 3-451-18055-3 .
personal data
SURNAME Molinet, Jean
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Moulinet, Jean; Molinet, Jehan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French poet, chronicler, cleric and Franco-Flemish composer of the Renaissance
DATE OF BIRTH 1435
PLACE OF BIRTH Desvres
DATE OF DEATH 23 August 1507
Place of death Valenciennes