Jerusalem thorn
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Jerusalem 's thorn ( Parkinsonia aculeata ) |
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The Jerusalem mandrel ( Parkinsonia aculeata ) is a plant from the genus of Parkinsonien ( Parkinsonia ) in the subfamily of caesalpinioideae (Caesalpinioideae) within the family of the Leguminosae (Fabaceae). Their natural range is in North and South America. It is cultivated as an ornamental tree in tropical areas around the world .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Jerusalem thorn grows as an evergreen small tree or shrub and reaches heights of 7 to 9 meters. It is armed with thorns . The overhanging branches have smooth, green bark .
The alternate leaves are bipinnate. The first-order leaflets are up to 40 centimeters long, consist of wing-like widened petioles and are arranged in groups of one to three pairs. The numerous small second-order leaflets are 2.5 to 8.5 millimeters long and 1 to 3.5 millimeters wide, obovate, elliptical to oblong and stand on 1 to 2 millimeter long stems. The leaflets close at the onset of dusk. The stipules at the base of the leaf are designed as thorns.
Generative characteristics
2 to 15 flowers stand together in lateral, pendulous, loose, racemose inflorescences . The flower stalk is 1.5 to 1.7 millimeters long.
The hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold and zygomorphic with a double flower envelope . The sepals are oblong with a length of about 6 millimeters. The yellow petals form a 2 centimeter wide crown with the typical shape of a butterfly flower . The flag is about 11 millimeters long, about 6 millimeters wide and spotted orange. The ten stamens are orange-red with shaggy stamens. The only carpel is silky hairy and contains numerous ovules .
The leathery, bare legumes are 7.5 to 10.5 inches long, 6 to 10 millimeters wide and constricted between the seeds and arched to the sides. Each legume contains one to six seeds. The seeds are elongated, smooth, and speckled.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.
distribution
The natural range of Parkinsonia aculeata is in North America in the US states of Texas and Arizona in and in the Mexican states of Baja California Norte , Baja California Sur and Sonora and in South America in Bolivia , Peru, on the Galápagos Islands , in Argentina , and Paraguay Uruguay . In the Cape Verde Islands, Australia, Asia, in other parts of North and South America and Hawaii is Parkinsonia aculeata a neophyte .
Taxonomy
The first publication of Parkinsonia aculeata was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in his work Species Plantarum , 1, p 375. The epithet aculeata comes from the Latin and means "stinging".
use
The Jerusalem thorn is used as an ornamental wood and hedge plant. The decoction of the bark, the leaves, the flowers and the seeds is considered to reduce fever.
ecology
The Jerusalem thorn is considered an invasive species in the tropical belt . It is classified as an undesirable, invasive species in Australia (and other tropical regions).
proof
literature
- Andreas Bärtels: Tropical Plants . Ornamental and useful plants. 5th, revised edition. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3937-5 , p. 84 .
- Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 10: Fabaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7 , pp. 49 (English).
Individual evidence
- ^ German name after Bärtels: Tropical plants
- ↑ a b c d e f Andreas Bärtels: Tropical Plants . Ornamental and useful plants. 5th, revised edition. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3937-5 , p. 84 .
- ^ A b c d e Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias, Robert R. Mill: Parkinsonia aculeata . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 10: Fabaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7 , pp. 49 (English).
- ↑ a b c d e Parkinsonia aculeata. In: Flora of Pakistan Vol. 26. www.eFloras.org, p. 238 , accessed on February 4, 2012 (English).
- ↑ Parkinsonia aculeata at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ A b Parkinsonia aculeata in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 4, 2012.
- ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , p. 37 (reprint from 1996).
- ↑ Australia , Department of the Environment and Energy: Weeds of National Significance ( Memento of September 29, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
Web links
- Parkinsonia aculeata . In: S. Dressler, M. Schmidt, G. Zizka (Eds.): African plants - A Photo Guide. Senckenberg, Frankfurt / Main 2014.