Jodhpur
| Jodhpur | |||
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| State : |
 India
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| State : | Rajasthan | ||
| District : | Jodhpur | ||
| Location : | 26 ° 17 ′ N , 73 ° 1 ′ E | ||
| Height : | 231 m | ||
| Residents : | 1,033,756 (2011) | ||
| Website : | Jodhpur | ||
Jodhpur ( Hindi : जोधपुर , Jodhpur ) is a city ( Municipal Corporation ) with around 1 million inhabitants in the Indian state of Rajasthan . Jodhpur was the capital of the Rajput and later princely state of Marwar and is the second largest city in Rajasthan after Jaipur . The city is a popular travel destination in India with several palaces, forts and temples in the landscape of the Thar Desert.
location
Jodhpur is located on the eastern edge of the Thar Desert at an altitude of about 230 m above sea level. d. M. and about 330 km (driving distance) southwest of Jaipur, about 250 km south of Bikaner and about 250 km north of Udaipur .
climate
The climate in Jodhpur is hot and dry ( desert climate ); Rain usually only falls in the monsoon season (mid-June to mid-September).
The climate crisis has led to a drastic shortage of drinking water in large parts of India . This is particularly noticeable in Jodhpur. The city is one of those 21 major Indian cities whose groundwater reserves will be completely depleted in 2020 according to calculations by the government agency NITI Aayog.
population
In 1911 the city had about 60,000 inhabitants; In 1961 there were around 225,000. Approx. 77% of the population are Hindus , approx. 19% are Muslims and just under 3% are Jains ; the rest are made up of religious minorities such as Sikhs , Buddhists and Christians. As is customary in censuses in northern India, the male population is around 12% higher than the female population. Only around 20% of the population who immigrated, mostly from the rural regions in the area, are illiterate .
economy
Located on a busy trade route that once Delhi with the province of Sindh joined the city from the proceeds of was caravan trade with opium , sandalwood , dates and copper built. Today Jodhpur is the seat of several training institutions as well as a garrison town. The most important branches of industry are the furniture, metal and textile industries. Most people, however, work as small businesses, craftsmen, traders and in the service industry (rickshaw drivers, porters, etc.).
history
The area is already mentioned in the Ramayana epic. From the 8th to the 11th century it belonged to the Pratihara empire, which was lost in the various advances of the Islamic armies of Mahmud of Ghaznis (ruled 1097-1030). The city of Jodhpur was founded in 1459 by Rao Jodha, the head of a Rajput clan. This made it the capital of the powerful Rajput state of Marwar , which, however , had to pay tribute to the Mughal empire , had to perform military services, but was able to maintain a certain autonomy. There were later clashes with the Marathas until Marwar became a British protectorate in 1818 .
Culture and sights
- Jodhpur is also known as the "Blue City" because of the color of its houses. Traditionally marked the color blue, the affiliation of residents to caste of Brahmins , but today even non-Brahmins have adopted this custom. The color is said to be an effective means of repelling mosquitoes .
- The city is dominated by the Meherangarh fortress , which was built in the 15th century, but has been enlarged again and again, and which is located on a rock about 140 m high. The fortress is surrounded by a 10 km long wall with eight gates.
- North of the fort is the memorial building called Jaswant Thada for Maharaja Jaswant Singh II, who died in 1895. It is an exceptionally representative building made of white marble in the Indo-Islamic style with numerous chhatris on the roof and a palace-like interior.
- The Umaid Bhavan Palace , built between 1929 and 1943, is one of the largest and most impressive palaces in Rajasthan.
- Are rarely visited the three stages fountains of the city: Toor Ji Ka Jhalra , Mahila Bagh ka Jhalra , Birkha Bawri .
Surroundings
- Mandore , about 10 km north of the city center, is a popular destination because of its park, which houses several shrines and temples as well as the memorial buildings ( chhatris ) of the Maharajas of Marwar.
- Jodhpur is framed by several smaller lakes - including Kaylana Lake, which is about 5 km to the west, and Balsamand Lake, about 2 km to the south-west of Mandore.
- About 70 km north of Jodhpur is the temple city of Osian .
Others
During the British colonial era, Jodhpur gave its name to two items of clothing, namely the jodhpur pants , which are derived from the local saddlebags, and the jodhpur boots .
sons and daughters of the town
- Man Mohan Sharma (* 1937), chemical engineer
- Mani Kaul (1944–2011), film director and screenwriter
- Pankaj Ghemawat (* 1959), economist, university professor, global strategist, speaker and writer
Web links
- Jodhpur, sights etc. - photos + information (English)
- Jodhpur, Landmarks - Photos
- Jodhpur and surroundings map with elevation information
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jodhpur - Census 2011
- ↑ Jodhpur - climate table
- ↑ Jessie Yeung, Swati Gupta, Michael Guy: India has just five years to solve its water crisis, experts fear. Otherwise hundreds of millions of lives will be in danger. In: CNN. July 4, 2019, accessed on July 10, 2019 .
- ↑ Jodhpur - Census 2011
