Johann Bökel

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Johann Bökel (also: Jean Böckel, Johannes Bockelius, Jan Bocelius, Boecelius, Bokelius ; born November 1, 1535 in Antwerp , † March 21, 1605 in Hamburg ), was a Dutch doctor.

Life

Johann Bökel came from a Dutch family that was based in what was then the Duchy of Brabant . His grandfather Martin Bokel († 1510) had already worked as a physicus in The Hague . Johann's father was the portrait and history painter Cornelius Bökel (* 1499 in Rotterdam; † January 7, 1563 in Hamburg), who married Anna Dirksen in Zwolle in 1526 . He worked mainly in Rotterdam and Antwerp, where he was enthusiastic about Luther's ideas .

Cornelius Bökel's Lutheran beliefs and the associated fear of being subjected to reprisals led to the decision to leave home in 1546. He wanted to move with his family and household to Wittenberg full of enthusiasm. However, when he heard that Luther had died, he settled in Hamburg. That is why his son Johann received the basics of his school education at the learned school of the Johanneum in Hamburg. Supported by Jacob Bording , he acquired a scholarship from Duke Wilhelm von Braunschweig-Lüneburg , which enabled him to begin his studies at the University of Wittenberg on August 13, 1550 .

Initially, he intended to study theological sciences. In the 16th century, a basic study of the philosophical sciences was a prerequisite for this. After Luther's death, Philipp Melanchthon , who gave lectures on ethics, logic and history, was a defining figure at the Wittenberg University . Johann Bökel will also have attended the lectures by Veit Winsheim on the Greek language and the lectures by Sebastian Theodoricus , Erasmus Reinhold and Caspar Peucer on astronomy, geometry and mathematics. It was also necessary for a budding theologian to attend lectures on rhetoric, which Petrus Vincentius designed at the time , and on physics according to Aristotle , which Paul Eber brought up close. In addition to attending lectures at the philosophical faculty, lectures at the theological, law and medical faculties were also attended to expand further knowledge. At that time, Johannes Bugenhagen , Georg Major and Johann Forster worked at the theological faculty .

At the law faculty of the Wittenberg Leucorea, as in other German universities, canon law and the Roman rights of the Pandects, the code and the institutes were taught. At that time, Bökel in Wittenberg was occupied by Laurentius Lindemann , Joachim von Beust , Michael Teuber , Johann Schneidewein and Georg Cracow who were professors at the Faculty of Law. Bökel, who abandoned theological studies during his studies in 1553, turned more to medical studies. Jakob Milich , Melchior Fendt and Johann Hermann taught at the medical faculty of the Wittenberg University . However, teaching was not always regular in Wittenberg. Plague times compelled the students and teachers. Occasionally the faculty of the university was temporarily outsourced to Torgau and Jena. Nevertheless, Bökel was able to acquire so much knowledge that he was able to acquire the academic degree of a Magister in Philosophy on August 13, 1556 and that he was accepted into the Senate of the Philosophical Faculty as a teacher in May 1560.

He carried out further medical studies at the University of Copenhagen . In 1562 he signed up for four years as the personal physician of Duke Wilhelm von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Celle, which he continued until 1572. After continuing his studies in Italy and France, he received his doctorate in medicine from Bourges University around 1563 . In 1564 he became active as a doctor in Hamburg, where he first took over the post of subphysician in 1565. Because the conditions in Hamburg at that time required an extraordinary need for medical personnel due to the great plague epidemic that raged there. In 1568 he stopped his Hamburg activity. On March 7, 1572 he received a position as personal physician and chamber councilor for mineralogical and philosophical matters at the court of Julius von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel . The position was connected to a high school professorship for medicine at the Pedagogy Illustre zu Gandersheim . On October 9, 1574, he was released from his duties as a chamber councilor and, as a professor of medicine, he devoted himself to building up the University of Helmstedt , which was founded on October 15, 1576. Here he became the first professor of the medical faculty, whose dean he was in 1585/86 and 1587/89. In addition, he had worked in the years 1578, 1582, 1586 as prorector of Juliana. In 1591 he went back to Hamburg as a city physician, where he worked until the end of his life.

family

In 1565 Bökel married Engel Göbel, the daughter of the Hamburg Senate Secretary Martin Göbel (* 1504 - 19 September 1567 in Hamburg) and his wife Anna Wichmann († 20 September 1567 in Hamburg). He left four sons and three daughters:

  1. Julius Johann Bökel (* ± 1573 in Braunschweig; † February 5, 1630 in Hamburg), doctor in Hamburg
  2. Wilhelm Bökel (* Celle; † 1628 in Michaelstein), August 21, 1578 University of Helmstedt (dep.), February 13, 1583 University of Helmstedt, 1587/88/91 student med. University. Helmstedt, advice from Duke Friedrich Ulrich of Braunschweig and Lüneburg, Dept. d. princely Michaelstein Monastery, married to Anna Schößken, daughter of Caspar Schößken
  3. Friedrich Ulrich Bökel (* Celle), officer in Hungarian campaigns
  4. Johannes Bökel (* Celle), October 27, 1580 Helmstedt University 1583 in Helmstedt, in Convikt 1588 ibid., Still May 1593 (Stip. III, 52), possibly November 3, 1600 Dr. med. ibid.
  5. Anna Böckel (* 1567; † June 2, 1636 in Helmstedt), married I. May 21, 1587 with the court attorney in Wolfenbüttel Dr. Johann Daniel Pfeiffer (* Minden; † 1602); married II in 1608 to Prof. med. Helmstedt Johann Siegfried (born September 26, 1556 in Marksuhl, † September 26, 1623 in Helmstedt)
  6. Dorothea Böckel (born August 18, 1567 in Celle; † February 5, 1625 in Lauenburg), married April 13, 1589 with the Physicus in Hanover Hector Mithoff (born April 18, 1561 in Münden; † March 6, 1647 in Lauenburg)
  7. Sophie Hedwig Bökel, married July 19, 1590 in Helmstedt with Prof. Dr. med. Helmstedt Martin Biermann (* 1557 in Aschersleben; † November 11, 1595 in Wittenberg)

Works (selection)

  • De Peste, Qvae Hambvrgvm Civitatem Anno LXV. Gravissime Adflixit. Helmstedt 1565, 1577 ( online )
  • Synopsis novi morbi quem plerique medicorum catarrhum febrilem vel febrem catarrhosam vocant ˜Synopsis novi morbi qvem pleriqve medicorvm catarrhvm febrilem, vel febrem catarrhosam vocant, qui non solum Germanflix, sedißene universam Europamit. Helmstedt 1580 ( online )
  • Anatome vel descriptio partium humani corporis. Helmstedt 1585 ( online ), 1588 ( online )
  • Theses de Apoplexia. Resp. Melchior Cruschius. Helmstedt 1586 ( online )
  • ANATOME VEL DESCRIPTIO PARTIVM HVMANI CORPORIS, VT EA in Academia IVLIA, quae est Helmsteti, singulis annis publicè prae- || legi, ac administrari solet. Helmstedt 1588 ( online )
  • Theses de Epilepsia. Resp.Johannes Gabel (Hamburg), Georg Gunther (Torgau). Helmstedt 1588 ( online )
  • Oratio Funebris De Illustrissimo Ac Generosiss. Principe Ac Domino, Dn. Iulio Duce Brunovicens. Et Lunaeburg. & c. (Sanctae, & foelicis memoriae) quibus studiis vitam domesticam transegerit. Helmstedt 1589 ( online )
  • Disputatio DE SOMNO NATVRALI ET PRAETER NATVRALI: SIVE AFFECTIBVS FRIGIDIS CEREBRI RELIQVIS, Sopore, Cataphora, Lethargo, Caro, Stupore, Catalepsi, Catocho. Resp. Daniel beef. Helmstedt 1590 ( online )
  • Disputatio Medica de Variolis et Morbillis. Quam Aspirante Dei Opt. Max. Gratia. Resp. Tobias Cober (Görlitz). Helmstedt 1591 ( online )
  • Pest regulations of the city of Hamburg. Hamburg 1593, 1597 ( online )
  • De philtris, utrum animi hominum his commoveantur, nec ne. Hamburg 1599 ( online ), 1614

literature

Web link

personal data
SURNAME Bökel, Johann
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Böckel, Jean; Bockelius, Johannes; Bocelius, Jan; Boecelius; Bokelius
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Belgian medic
DATE OF BIRTH November 1, 1535
PLACE OF BIRTH Antwerp
DATE OF DEATH March 21, 1605
Place of death Hamburg