Johann Benedict Listing

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Johann Benedict Listing.

Johann Benedict Listing (born July 25, 1808 in Frankfurt am Main , † December 24, 1882 in Göttingen ) was a German mathematician and physicist .

Life

He studied mathematics and architecture at the University of Göttingen , but had a much wider range of interests, including geomagnetism and physiological optics . He received his doctorate in Göttingen in 1834. He then made a three-year trip with Wolfgang Sartorius von Waltershausen to investigate the volcanic activities of Mount Etna in Sicily . In 1837 he became a teacher of machine drawing, mechanical engineering and applied mathematics at the Higher Trade School in Hanover , in 1839 he was an associate professor of physics as the successor to Wilhelm Eduard Weber and in 1849 professor of mathematics in Göttingen.

Through his mentor Carl Friedrich Gauß , Listing began to specialize in topology , which at that time was still called analysis situs . In 1847 he wrote a textbook on topology with the preliminary studies on topology , although he had already used this term in his letters ten years earlier. Through this book, the term came into common use. Independently of August Ferdinand Möbius , Listing discovered the special properties of the Möbius strip in 1858 .

In 1872 he coined the term geoid for the idealized geometric surface of the earth .

In 1861 he became a member of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen and in 1879 Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh .

Fonts

  • De svperficiebvs secvndi ordinis: dissertatio inavgvralis. Univ., Diss., Göttingen 1834 digitized
  • Small hygrometric tables for observers of the psychrometer. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1844 digitized
  • About our current knowledge of the shape and size of the earth. Goettingen 1872
  • Contribution to physiological optics . Published by Otto Schwarz. Ostwald's Classic No. 147, Leipzig 1905, Archives

literature

  • Ernst Breitenberger:  Johann Benedict Listing. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 14, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-428-00195-8 , pp. 700 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Marie-Luise Heuser : The beginnings of topology in mathematics and natural philosophy. In: Stephan Günzel (Ed.): Topology: For spatial description in cultural and media studies. Transcript, Bielefeld 2007, pp. 183-200.
  • Paul Trommsdorff: The faculty of the Technical University of Hanover 1831-1931. Osterwald, Hannover 1931, p. 54.

Web links

Commons : Johann Benedict Listing  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Fellows Directory. Biographical Index: Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002. (PDF file) Royal Society of Edinburgh, accessed January 2, 2020 .
personal data
SURNAME Listing, Johann Benedict
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German mathematician
DATE OF BIRTH July 25, 1808
PLACE OF BIRTH Frankfurt am Main
DATE OF DEATH December 24, 1882
Place of death Goettingen