Johann Bernhard Koehler

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Johann Bernhard Köhler (born February 10, 1742 in Lübeck , † April 3, 1802 in Basel ) was a German orientalist, legal historian and translator.

Life

After visiting the Katharineum , Johann Bernhard Köhler initially studied law , but also classical philology and oriental studies , including at the University of Leipzig with Johann Jacob Reiske .

His first oriental publication was the edition of Abulfedas Tabulae Syriae 1766 , which was organized with the support of Reiske. In the same year this led to an appointment as associate professor of oriental languages ​​at the University of Kiel . In 1770 he moved to Göttingen University as an associate professor . The professorship at the Faculty of Law had been established for him so that he could support Georg Christian Gebauer with his edition of the Corpus iuris civilis in the publishing house of Johann Christian Dieterich . In 1772, with an edition of the Institutiones Iustiniani in the review by Jacques Cujas, he was named Dr. jur. PhD. After Gebauer's death it emerged that Koehler had, however, paid little attention to the major project. Thus Georg August Spangenberg entrusted with the completion of the output. As a consequence, Köhler resigned his office in 1773, returned to Lübeck and lived here as a private scholar . In 1781 he was appointed professor of Greek and Oriental languages ​​at the University of Königsberg . Here he was, among other things, the teacher of Isaac Abraham Euchel and appeared "as an enlightener who harbored no prejudice against Jews". But in 1786 he gave up this position and moved back to Lübeck. Here he lived in Krempelsdorf and found a meager livelihood with legal work.

In Johann Gottfried Eichhorn's Repertory for Biblical and Oriental Literature (Göttingen 1777–1786, 18 volumes), Köhler regularly published orientalist and text-critical contributions.

From 1771 to the end of the 1780s, Köhler reviewed various subject areas and under different codes in the General German Library . Its under the code Qr. published review of two Iliad translations by Friedrich Leopold zu Stolberg-Stolberg and Johann Jakob Bodmer in 1779 led to a much-noticed literary debate. Johann Heinrich Voss published a total of three episodes of the interrogation of a reviewer in the journal Deutsches Museum by Heinrich Christian Boie , to which Philipp Nicolai replied. Voss characterized him in private correspondence to Leopold Friedrich Günther von Goeckingk as the gloomy Köhler and later remembers that he “ visited him after years in Eutin to excuse his transgression, and returned with presents. Kohler was by far the most learned of the group, and the most shameful. The others were perhaps ashamed in the dark. "

Köhler died in 1802 as a proofreader for Thurneyen's printing press in Basel .

estate

Köhler's rich library was listed after his death and was auctioned off in 1804. His correspondence and some manuscripts came to the Lübeck City Library , which was the first to receive oriental manuscripts. The Göttingen University Library acquired other manuscripts from his estate, including copies of Arabic manuscripts made by him.

Fonts

  • Abvlfedae Tabvla Syriae: Cvm Excerpto Geographico Ex Ibn ol Wardii Geographia Et Historia Natvrali. Leipzig: Schoenermark 1766
  • Notae Et Emendationes In Theocritum: Accedit Specimen Emendationum In Scriptores Arabicos. Lübeck: Schmidt & Donatius 1767
  • Plato's Phaedon from the Greek. Lübeck 1769
  • D. Iustiniani Institutiones / E Recensione Iacobi Cuiacii. Editionem Curavit Et Animadversiones Nonnullas Adiecit. Goettingae: Dieterich 1772
  • Iphigenia in Aulis: A tragedy of Euripides / translated from the Greek. Berlin: Nicolai 1778

Correspondence

  • Paul Hagen : Correspondence between HC Boie and Johann Bernhard Köhler. in: Journal for Schleswig-Holstein History. 28: 304-340 (1899)

literature

  • Johann Stephan Pütter : Attempt of an academic scholarly history from the Georg Augustus University in Göttingen. Second part: From 1765 to 1788, Vandenhoeck, Göttingen 1788, p. 87 § 91
  • Carl Gustav Adolf Siegfried:  Köhler, Johann Bernhard . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, p. 444 f.
  • Irma Held, Sabine Haimerl: Köhler, Johann Bernhard , in: Bio-bibliographical handbook on linguistics of the 18th century. Volume 5:: JL. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag 1997 ISBN 3-484-73025-0 , pp. 175-176

Estate catalog

  • Bibliotheca Koehleriana s. Catalogus librorum impressorum et manuscriptorum / A JB Koehlero collectorum. Lübeck: Green 1804

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Elizabeth Willnat: Johann Christian Dieterich. A publisher and printer during the Enlightenment. In: Archiv für Geschichte des Buchwesens 39 (1993), pp. 1–254; also separately Booksellers Association, Frankfurt am Main 1993, ISBN 3-7657-1745-2 , pp. 36 and 68
  2. ↑ Andreas Kennecke: Isaac Abraham Euchel: Architect of the Haskala. Göttingen: Wallstein 2007 ISBN 9783835302006 , p. 83
  3. ^ Messages from Arab Historians , Volume I, pp. 60–82; II, pp. 25-66; III, pp. 261-284; observationes ad Elmacini historiam Saracenicam , Vol. VII, pp. 133-164; VIII, pp. 1-43; XI, pp. 169-223; XIV, pp. 59-127; XVII, pp. 36-73; Critical Notes on the Psalms , Vol. III, pp. 1-84; IV, pp. 96-128; V, pp. 1-94; VI, pp. 1-65; VII, pp. 250-275; VIII, pp. 227-268; IX, pp. 47-99; X, pp. 110-131; XIII, 95-158; XVIII, pp. 117-149; About the Hebrew Bible manuscripts in Königsberg , Vol. XVI, pp. 1–65; The Victory Song of Deborah , Vol. VI, pp. 163-172; XII, pp. 235-241; Obadja , Vol. XV, pp. 250-264; on Proverbs 7, 22-23 , Vol. XVI, pp. 117-120 and on the last chapter of Koheleth , Vol. XVI, pp. 199-248
  4. ↑ Gustav Parthey : The staff at Friedrich Nicolai's General German Library arranged according to their names and characters in two registers. Hildesheim: Gerstenberg, 1973, reprograph. Reprint d. Berlin 1842, p. 14f.
  5. ^ Johann Heinrich Voß: Letters to Goeckingk 1775-1786. Munich: Beck 1976, p. 76
  6. ^ Johann Heinrich Voß: Confirmation of the Stolbergische Umtriebe: together with an appendix about personal circumstances. Stuttgart 1820, pp. 206f
  7. ^ Wilhelm Meyer: The manuscripts in Göttingen. (= Directory of Manuscripts in the Prussian State) Volume 3: Legacies of Scholars. Oriental. Manuscripts in the possession of institutes and authorities. Berlin: Bath 1894, p. 350ff: Arab. 87-91 and Volume 1, p. 71: hist.lit. 5a
personal data
SURNAME Koehler, Johann Bernhard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German orientalist, legal historian and translator
DATE OF BIRTH February 10, 1742
PLACE OF BIRTH Lübeck
DATE OF DEATH April 3, 1802
Place of death Basel