Johann Daniel Felsko

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Johann Daniel Felsko (also: Felskau , Latvian Johans Daniels Felsko ; * October 30, 1813 in Riga ; Russian Empire ; † October 7, 1902 ibid) was a German-Baltic architect , city ​​planner and city architect of Riga between 1844 and 1879. His most important life's work consisted in the development of the city center of Riga.

Johann Daniel Felsko

Life and family

Riga City Hall at the beginning of the 20th century
The little guild of Riga

Johann Felsko was born as the son of the bricklayer Johann Jakob Felskau (1779–1858), who had moved from Königsberg to Riga in 1805 , and Therese Luise Heydemann (1773–1868) from Schönberg in the Kurland governorate . Johann Felsko married Georgine Wilhelmine Groos from Copenhagen in 1842 ; they had three children, including the architect Karl Johann Felsko (1844-1918) and the painter Oskar Eduard Daniel Felsko (1848-1921).

education

Johann Felsko learned the building trade as a journeyman to the architect and builder Johann Daniel Gottfriedt until his death in 1831. After that, he trained in technical drawing with Johann Adolf Walk Weite until 1832 , before his journeyman years took him to Königsberg and Warsaw. In Warsaw he worked on fortifications with Captain Gersohn. On his recommendation, he came to Copenhagen, Posen in South Prussia and Hillerød , again in Denmark. Felsko studied architecture at the Royal Danish Academy of Arts from 1835 to 1840 . With a grant from the Riga City Council, he continued his studies at the Russian Art Academy in Saint Petersburg , where he graduated as a freelance artist in 1851.

Creator of modern Riga

One of Felsko's first major projects was the reconstruction of the Rigens town hall in 1848. He added a third floor to the classicist building from 1785, while maintaining the harmonious proportions and historical character of the building. In 1849 he renovated the neo-Gothic tower of St. John's Church. In 1856, Tsar Alexander II approved the demolition of the city fortifications and Felsko and his colleague Otto Dietze immediately started redesigning the city center. In the autumn of the same year the plans were ready and the tsar accepted them the following year. and the old fortifications began to be dismantled. Due to cost reasons, the original project was changed a few times, but Felsko's fundamental considerations remained untouched and were implemented with the construction of a semicircle of boulevards. An urban ensemble was created in which a canal that was redesigned from the moat of the fortifications became a central axis of the composition, to which free-standing public buildings, green areas and individual residential buildings were connected. In the 1870s the citadel was demolished and the area of ​​the esplanade was redesigned according to the specifications of Felsko and Dietze's plans.

Working in the neo-Gothic style

Felsko is also the originator of various schools, including in 1874 the city high school on Raiņis Boulevard 8 (now the 1st Riga State High School ), 1876–1879 the city school on Krišjāņis Valdemār Street 1 (now the Riga State Gymnasium No. 2) and 1876 ​​of the School of the Craftsmen's Guild at 34 Aspāzijas Boulevard. In 1873 he designed, among others, the Sadovnikov poorhouse at 20 Sadovņikov Street, various residential buildings at 49 Elisabeth Street (1870), 2 Antonija Street (1879), the Brīvības- 71 Street (1879) and 11 Šķūņu Street. Felsko used a wide range of formal elements of eclecticism in his buildings , borrowings from the Renaissance and the arched style can also be found. The style was determined by the neo-Gothic in different forms from building to building. His ideas for the reconstruction of the city center of Rigia also included building the Daugava bank in neo-Gothic style, but this dream never came true. He was able to build the municipal gas works No. 1 on Bastei-Boulevard 1 in 1861, but the mighty gas tanks are no longer there today.

One of Felsko's most important works is the Little Guild on Amata Street 3/5 in the old town of Riga (1864–1866). The building harmonises with its somewhat older neighboring building, the Great Guild . Felsko created a small open space in front of its massive pseudo-medieval appearance, which was well received by his contemporaries. The interior of the small guild is exquisite and ornate. Glass paintings by the Hanoverian artist Alois Freystadtl adorn many of the leaded glass windows. The windows in the rooms that are now used by actors have portraits of the artist and Felskos.

A number of churches in the neo-Gothic style were also built on Felsko's drawing board: the Martinskirche (1851), the old Gertrudenkirche (1863–1868), the Anglican Church of the Redeemer (1859), the Church of the Holy Trinity in the suburb of Sarkandaugava (1876–1878), the Anne's Church (1857–1859) and the Nikolaikirche (1873–1874), the last two on the Piņķi estate.

literature

Remarks

  1. ↑ Andris Kolbergs: Rigas Gramata: Rigas centra parki un bulvari. Eklektikas jeb historisma stila celtnes. Riga, Jugendstil metropolis ( Latvian ). Apgads Jāņa sēta, Riga 1999, ISBN 9984-07-140-5 , OCLC 53024023 : "Project ir tik lielisks, ka mūsu atzitākais pilsētbūvniecības un arhitektūras vēstures vērtētājs, Janis Krastiņše š ē un svaigu, tolaik vēl nepazistāmu pilsētbūvniecisku ideju daudzums, ko ikviena projekta lapā demonstre tā autori. " Diemžel vēl spēkā ir iepriekšējā - 18. gadsimta likums: " Pilsētu ceļ pēc saskaņota plāna, kuru pašrocīgi parakstijusi viņa Ķeizariskā Majestāte " "

Web links

Commons : Johann Daniel Felsko  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Latvia's Famous People . Latvian Institute . Retrieved July 1, 2010.
  2. ^ A b Paul Campe:  Felsko (Felskau), Johann Daniel. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, ISBN 3-428-00186-9 , p. 75 f. ( Digitized version ).
  3. ^ Zdzisława Tołłoczko: Johann Daniel Felsko (1813–1902); Architect i urbanista, twórca nowoczesnej Rygi . In: Wiadomości Konserwatorskie (ed.): Conservation News . No. 24/2008, August, p. 10. ISSN  0860-2395 . Retrieved July 1, 2010.
  4. ^ Johann Daniel Felsko and Reconstruction of the Small Guild Hall in Riga . Central and Eastern European Online Library . Retrieved July 1, 2010.
  5. ^ Friedrich Brunstermann: The story of the small or St. Johannis guild . Alexander Stahl, Riga 1902. In it p. 493–501: The new building of the St. Johannis Guild House .
  6. ^ Friedrich Brunstermann: The story of the small or St. Johannis guild . Alexander Stahl, Riga 1902. In it p. 501–535: The interior furnishings of the St. Johannis Guild House .
  7. ↑ Draudzes vēsture :: Mārtiņa baznīca ( Latvian ) Martinskirche Riga. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 2, 2010. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.martinadraudze.com
  8. ^ Jānis Krastiņš: Johann Daniel Felsko . In: Aina Balaško (ed.): German architects in Latvia . Latvijas Vācu Savienība, Riga 2013, pp. 98–103, here p. 103.
  9. ^ Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Johann Daniel Felsko. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
personal data
SURNAME Felsko, Johann Daniel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Felskau, Johann Daniel; Felsko, Johans Daniels (Latvian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-Baltic architect, urban planner and city builder of Riga
DATE OF BIRTH October 30, 1813
PLACE OF BIRTH Riga
DATE OF DEATH October 7, 1902
Place of death Riga