Johann Daniel Titius

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Johann Daniel Titius

Johann Daniel Titius (also: Tietz, Tietze ; * January 2, 1729 in Konitz ; † December 11, 1796 in Wittenberg ) was a German scholar who dealt with astronomy , physics and biology , among other things . Its official botanical author's abbreviation is " Titius ".

Life

Initially he attended school in his hometown. After the early death of his father, Titius was raised by his uncle Michael Christoph Hanow , who was a professor in Danzig, and moved to the local high school. After attending grammar school in Gdansk, he began studying at the University of Leipzig , where he obtained the degree of master's degree in 1752 (with a master's thesis on moonlight) and was accepted as a private lecturer at the philosophical faculty. In 1756 he took over the professorship of lower mathematics at the University of Wittenberg and in 1761 took over the public lectures on physics for Georg Matthias Bose, who was absent from Wittenberg . Since Bose did not return, Titius received the physics professorship from the Polish king and Saxon electors. He also taught philosophy, natural theology, and natural law. In 1768 he became rector of the university. He turned down offers for a professorship in Göttingen, Helmstedt, Kiel and Danzig.

As a scholar he was very versatile. Today he is best known for the formulation of a formula from 1766, which mathematically describes a certain regularity in the mean distances of the planets from the sun and is known as the Titius-Bode series . As a physicist, he was a supporter of René Descartes and emphasized the role of the experiment, but was also interested in economic applications. In particular, he dealt with thermometers. In biology he followed Carl von Linné . Edited scientific journals (and sponsored reprints of the Royal Society's Philosophical Transactions)

He also wrote a complete German translation of Michel de Montaigne's essays in just one year (1753–1754) , which for a long time was recognized as the best, at least until 1998, when the new translation by Hans Stilett appeared. He undertook his translations of Montaigne and the Discours sur les sciences et les arts by Jean-Jacques Rousseau at the suggestion of Johann Christoph Gottsched . He wrote theological and philosophical essays in the sense of the natural religion of the Enlightenment period and historical works (history of West Prussia, history of the Elbe crossings near Wittenberg).

He was a member of numerous academies such as the natural research societies in Berlin and Danzig, the Leipzig Economic Society . (1767) and the Academy of Charitable Sciences in Erfurt and in the literary field of the German Societies in Jena, Erlangen, Leipzig and Bernburg and co-founder of the Wittenberg German Society.

Honors

In honor of Johann Daniel Titius, the asteroid (1998) Titius was named after him.

Fonts

as an author

  • Mem. Em. Guil Görz, viri iuvenis docti ex extmiae indolis, praematura morte in Athenaeo Gedanensi 1748 exstincti. Danzig 1743.
  • Investigatio finium divinorum in rebus naturalibus necessaria, adversus Cartesium Princip. philos. I. 28-III, 2. defensa . Leipzig 1753.
  • Philosophical Thoughts of the True Concept of Eternity. Leipzig 1754.
  • Parus minimus, Polonorum Remiz, Bononieusium pendulinus descriptus. Accedit tabularum aencaruin biga. Leipzig 1756.
  • Prog. Quo J. Craig principia theologiae christianae mathematica illustrat, et de valore testimonii humani disputat. Wittenberg 1756.
  • Animadversiones quaedam matbematicae Progr. Wittenberg 1761.
  • News of the scholars who made the city Conitz of Polish Prussia originate; based on Mr. Hofraths Goedtkens basis . Leipzig 1763 ( online ).
  • Solemn memorial of reverence and loyalty, dedicated to the glorious memory of Friedrich August , King in Poland, and Elector Friedrich Christian by the German Society in Wittenberg . 1763.
  • Attributorum Dei, apto digestorum ordine, brevis expositio. Leiden 1763.
  • Ortus mundi necessarius a priori assertus. Wittenberg 1763.
  • Progr. Crisis concretorum lithclogica. Wittenberg 1765.
  • Documenta solemnium promotionis philosophicae d. 17 October 1765, elogia creatorum Doctorum philos. Et sermo de thermometro aẻreo habitus. Wittenberg 1765.
  • Descriptio thermometri metallici from inventione ill. atque. Excell. Comitis from Loeser. Leipzig 1765.
  • The complete surrender of the Prussian lands to Poland, by means of A. 1466 after the capture of Conitz between King Casimir IV and Grand Master Ludwig von Erlichshausen , a peace concluded, historically presented, etc. Wittenberg 1766.
  • Non-profit treatises for the advancement of the knowledge and use of natural things, with a view to the welfare of the state and of the human race in general. Leipzig 1768.
  • Treatise on the question raised by the Natural Research Society in Danzig about the most useful means of preventing the silting up of the Danzig nutrient ring. Wittenberg 1768.
  • De electrici experimenti Lugdunensis inventore primo. Wittenberg 1771.
  • Academiae, academicis laborantibus gradibus, labescentes. Wittenberg 1771.
  • Physicae dogmaticae elementa, praelectionum caussa evulgata. Wittenberg 1773.
  • Prog. Generalis experimentorum critica. Wittenberg 1775.
  • The teaching term of natural history, designed for the first lesson. New edition. With 12 illuminated coppers, Leipzig 1791.
  • Laudation Michaelis Christori Hanovii, Prof. philos. In Gymnasio Gedan. quondam celeberrimi, in renuntiatione Doctorum philosophiae recitata; cum vita illiuste Gottl. Wernsdorfio V. Cl. auctore, et elogiis Promotorum . Wittenberg 1777.
  • General principles of theoretical housekeeping, for teaching beginners. Leipzig 1780.
  • Progr. Geometriae situs principia philosophica. Wittenberg 1781.
  • Progr. Physicae experimentalis elementa. Leipzig 1782.
  • News of the previous and the newly built Elbe bridge near Wittenberg, along with some additional information. With 3 copper plates, Leipzig 1788.
  • Prog. De modo inveniendi per rationem, quae experiendo in physicis inventa sunt. Wittenberg 1789.
  • Prog. De superficierum atque solidorum ortu naturali et mensura. Wittenberg 1791.
  • Prog. I. de meritis Vaterorum. Wittenberg 1792.
  • De virtute medicamentorum resolventium recte diiudicanda, Prolusio. Wittenberg 1793/94 (3 vol.).
  • Of the loss of bone parts in the human body, along with the investigation into why old people are smaller than they were in their male years? In: Social Stories. (Hamburg 1752–1753) Part 3. St. 5.
  • Thoughts on the history of the future. ibid St. 7.
  • On the zeal of Charlemagne in building a library. In: the collection of the society. der Freyen Kunft zu Leipzig B. 1. P. 453 (1754) as well as renewed centenary memory of the Magdeburgischen attempts of Otto von Guericke ibid B. 2. P. 363.

as editor

  • Michael Christoph Hanov : rarities of nature and economy; in addition to their brief description and discussion, from the Danzig experience and others. News stripped out and issued for a number of benefit and pleasure. 3 volumes, Leipzig 1752–1755 With copper.
  • General magazine of nature, art u. Sciences. 4 parts, Leipzig 1753–1754 With coppers. The following parts concerned others
  • New extensions of knowledge and pleasure. 12 volumes (each of 6 pieces) Leipzig 1753–1762.
  • New social narratives for lovers of the natural sciences, household science, art of medicine, and customs. 4 parts, Leipzig 1758–1763.
  • Useful collection of articles and perceptions about the weather, household knowledge, trade, knowledge of nature, police and other related sciences, as the continuation of the Wittenberg weekly paper. 10 volumes. Leipzig 1783–1792.
  • Matthias Kramer : New Dutch-Teutsches, and Teutsch - Dutch dictionary, in this new edition with countless words and idioms from the Dutch language, from arts and. Science increased, improved and made more convenient for common use . Wittenberg 1759.
  • Progr. De divisione animalium generali. Wittenberg 1760.
  • Memoria Philippi Melanchthonis finito post. Eius obitum saeculo secundo, in solemni Doctorum Philosophiae promotione. Wittenberg 1760.
  • Hugo Grotius : De J. B, et P. IL 21. 17 locus vexatus, interpretatus . Wittenberg 1760.
  • Wittenbergiscbes weekly paper for the admission of the natural history, and the economic trade. Wittenberg 1768–1792 (25 volumes).
  • John Craig : Principia Theologiae christianae mathematica . Lank Verlag, Leipzig 1756.

as a respondent

  • Daniel Gotthilf Berthold: De rebus petrefactis carumque divisione observationes variae. Dissertation, Wittenberg 1766.
  • Adolph Julian Bose: Vestigia fluxus et refluxus in mare Baltico, praesertim ad Vistulae ostium. Dissertation, Wittenberg 1760.
  • Johann Christian Franke: De pecuniae deterioris atque melions exaequatione praesertim in mutuo . Dissertation, Wittenberg 1763.
  • Ernst Gottlob von Gernsdorff: De physico mentis in corpus regimine. Dissertation, Wittenberg 1780.
  • Christian August Herzog: De Vi elementorum repraefentativa. Dissertation, Wittenberg 1761.
  • August Siegmund Krause: De damnis ex nimia aedificiorum altitudine metuendis. Dissertation, Wittenberg 1771.
  • Gottlieb Friedrich Oertel: Siccitas anni superioris MDCCLXVI (1766) et aquarum diminutio insolita. Dissertation, Wittenberg 1767.
  • Johann David Ripke: Vis materialis. Dissertation, Wittenberg 1765.
  • Christian Friedrich Scheibner: De physicae in colendo intellectu usu et praestantia. Dissertation, Wittenberg 1765.
  • Johann Traugott Schulze: Luminis lunaris theoria nova. Principiis summi Euler in superstructa . Dissertation, University of Leipzig 1752.
  • Johann Adolf Spitzner: De artis naturam imitandi principiis generalioribus. Dissertation, Wittenberg 1783.
  • Diss. De firmitatis cohaerentia in sideribus. Wittenberg 1790.
  • Diss. De linearum atque supersicierum ortu naturali et menfura. Wittenberg 1790.
  • Diss. Systema plantarum sexuale ad naturam compositum. Wittenberg 1767.

as translator

  • Charles Bonnet : Contemplation on nature ("Contemplation de la nature"). Verlag Junius, Leipzig 1783 (2 volumes, with additions by Abbot Spallanzani ).
  • Henri Louis Duhamel du Monceau : Treatise on the conservation of the grain, and especially of the wheat ("Traité de la conservation des grains"). Junius publishing house, Leipzig 1755–1768.
    • (Main volume). 1755.
    • (Supplement). 1768.
  • Michel de Montaigne : Attempts ("Essais"). Diogenes Verlag, Zurich 1996, ISBN 3-257-22880-5 (3 volumes, reprint of the Leipzig edition 1753/54).
  • Jean-Jacques Rousseau : treatise which won the prize at the Academie zu Dijon in 1750 on the following question submitted by the academy: “Whether the restoration of the sciences and arts has contributed to the purification of morals?” (“Discours sur les sciences et les arts "). Verlag Röhrig, St. Inbert 1997, ISBN 3-86110-105-X (reprint of the Leipzig edition 1752).
  • Richard Steele : The babbler. A moral script ("The Tatler"). Lank Verlag, Leipzig 1755/56 (2 volumes).
  • Stephan Thourneyser : New investigation of the sentence “Whether the denial of God and the wrong manners come from the system of fatality?”. Langenheim, Leipzig 1752 (with notes).
  • Horace-Bénédict de Saussure : Experiment on hygrometry ("Essais sur l'hygrométrie"). Junius Publishing House, Leipzig 1784.

Footnotes and individual references

  1. ^ Robert Knott in General German Biography
  2. ^ "Eighth advertisement of the Leipzig economic society" as "Beylage to the 24th piece" of the Leipziger Intellektiven -Blatt. 1767, p. 237

literature

Web links

Commons : Johann Daniel Titius  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Titius, Johann Daniel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tietz, Johann Daniel; Tietze, Johann Daniel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prussian astronomer, physicist and biologist
DATE OF BIRTH January 2, 1729
PLACE OF BIRTH Konitz
DATE OF DEATH December 11, 1796
Place of death Lutherstadt Wittenberg