Matthias Kramer

Matthias Kramer , also Krämer (born November 12, 1640 in Cologne , † after June 1729 in Erlangen ) was a German foreign language didactic , grammarian , lexicographer , Romanist , Italianist , Hispanist , Germanist and Dutchist .

life and work

Secretario di Banco, ovvero stile di corrispondenza mercantile , 1707

Kramer attended the three-king high school of the Jesuits in Cologne. After graduating from high school, he studied theology , philosophy and philology in the Camaldolese monastery in Kahlenbergerdorf near Vienna (apparently externally controlled) . He became a preacher at the multilingual court of Emperor Leopold I , where he came into contact with Italian and Spanish after he had already learned Dutch and French in Cologne. At the end of the 1960s he escaped from the monastery, married and in 1670 settled in Nuremberg as a language teacher (Magister Linguarum or Sprachmeister) of Italian, French and Spanish.

With the exception of the period from April 1673 to spring 1674, during which he tried unsuccessfully to gain a foothold in Strasbourg , the period from 1682 to 1689, during which he was a full master of languages ​​at the (then Protestant) University of Heidelberg , and for 10 years in Regensburg at the beginning of the 18th century, Kramer lived in Nuremberg and published important dictionaries and grammars of German, Italian, French, Spanish and Dutch in the course of his almost 90 years of life, along with a number of other foreign-language teaching and learning materials and not least translations. He made particular profit from the vocabulary- didactic theory of Johann Joachim Becher ( Methodus Didactica , 1669).

On April 6, 1712, Kramer became a corresponding member of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences . In 1726, at his request, Margrave Georg Wilhelm von Brandenburg-Bayreuth appointed him "Professor of Occidental Languages" at the Knight's Academy in Erlangen , but without any activity.

The "Matthias Kramer Society for Research into the History of Foreign Language Acquisition and Multilingualism" was founded in Augsburg on September 25, 2013 by the Augsburg and Bamberg university professors Helmut Glück , Mark Häberlein and Konrad Schröder.

Works

Italian

Dictionaries

• Nomenclatura toscana, todesca e spagnuola / Nomenclatura toscana, tudesca y espagnuola / Italian, German and Spanish names booklet , Nuremberg 1670 (48 pages, subject group dictionary d-it-sp)
• Allgemeine Schau-Platz / Teatro universale , Nuremberg 1672, 1679, 1692 (296 pages, subject group dictionary d-it)
• Il nuovo Dizzionario delle due lingue, Italiana-Tedesca e Tedesca-Italiana / The new Dictionarium or word book . [Part Italian-German], 2 vol., Nuremberg 1676 (3716 columns, 1858 pages)
• The new dictionary or word book / Nuovo dizzionario delle due lingue, tedesca-italiana [part German-Italian], Nuremberg 1678 (2612 columns, 1306 pages)
• Nuovo dittionario reale italiano-tedesco / Newly completed wonderfully large and general Italian-German language and words book , Nuremberg 1693 (3885 columns, 1286 pages); New edition and T. Newly made Italian-German language and words book . Vol. 1 [Italian-German], Nuremberg 1724 (page number as 1693)
• The wonderfully large Teutsch-Italiänische Dictionarium [German-Italian], 2 vols., Nuremberg 1700–1702 (7446 columns, 2482 pages); New edition u. DT Newly made Italian-German language and words book . Vol. 2 and 3 [German-Italian], Nuremberg 1724 (page numbers as 1700–1702)

Grammars

• Complete Italiänische Grammatica , Nuremberg 1674; Second edition , 1689 (292, 213 pages); Grammatica Italica Ornata / Zierlich-Italiänische or Tuscan-Romance language teaching. Third edition , Nuremberg 1694 (272 pages)
• Toscanische Rudimenta / Rudimenti toscani , Nuremberg 1680 (295 pages, morphology); 1691, 1695 (532 pages)
• Tractätlein von der Derivatione & Compositione , Nuremberg 1680 (261 pages, word formation); 1692 (226 pages)
• Practice Phraseologiae Italicae / Guide to Italian translation and component art , Nuremberg 1691 (166 pages)
• Grammatica reale toscano-romana , Nuremberg 1694 (686 pages)
• Tuscan- or Romanisch-Italiänische Grammatica Reale , Nuremberg 1709 (754 pages), 1721, 1722 (757 pages)

Conversation books and letter holders

• Ragionamenti Tedesco-Italiani / Teutsch- und Italiänische Dialogs , Nuremberg 1679, 1688, 1691 (208 pages; edited by: Jean Nicolas Denis Parival, Dialogues françois et allemans , Leiden 1670)
• Il secretario di banco , Venice 1697, 1707 (118 pages, first in: Giovanni Domenico Peri , Il negotiante , Venice 1693), 1704 (441 pages), Bologna 1720
• The Italiänische Politicus , Nuremberg 1712 (396 pages)
• The new, so-called parliament, is: Italiänisch-Teutsche Talklein / Il nuovo Parlatorio Italiano-Tedesco , Nuremberg 1716

German

• Le parfait guidon de la langue allemande , Nuremberg 1687 (443 pages; Italian: I veri fondamenti della lingua tedesca ò germanica / The correct basic festivals of the German language , Nuremberg 1694, 1045 pages; Latin: Fundamentae linguae garmanicae , edited by Andreas Freyberger SJ, 2 vols., Prague 1733, 1117 pages)

French

dictionary

• Le vraiment parfait dictionnaire roial, radical, etimologique, sinonimique, phraseologique, & syntactique, françois-allemand (French-German), 4 vols., Nuremberg 1712 (4201 columns, 2100 pages)
• Nouveau & parfait indice allemand-françois, sur le grand dictionnaire roial / New-complete German-French word register , Nuremberg 1715 (954 columns, 477 pages)

grammar

• Essay d'une bonne grammaire françoise , Nuremberg 1696 (1133 + 149 pages, with table to learn the French conjugation)
• La vraie methode pour enseigner […] la langue françoise aux Alemands , Nuremberg 1696 (307 pages)
• Speccius Gallicus , Nuremberg 1711, 1720, 1728 (135 pages, after Christoph Speccius, 1585–1639)

Conversation books and letter holders

• Nouveau Parlement, c'est-à-dire Dialogues François-Alemands / Neu Parlement […] French-German Conversations , Frankfurt am Main 1696, Nuremberg 1699, 1700, 1705, 1707, 1708, 1711, 1712, 1717, Kassel 1727 ( 110 pages; adaptation by Claude Mauger, Dialogues françois et flamends , Utrecht 1683)
• Clear instructions for writing letters in the Kaufmanns-Stylo / Le veritable guide du stile marchand , Nuremberg 1704 (462 pages); Exquisite French and German merchant letters / Lettres marchandes choisies , Nuremberg 1720

Spanish

• Gramatica y Sintaxe de la Lengua Española-Castillana , Nuremberg 1711 (192 + 616 + 352 pages; written in Latin)

Dutch

New Dutch-German and German-Dutch dictionary.

• Dutch Grammatica , Nuremberg / Frankfurt am Main / Leipzig 1716, Leipzig 1744, 1754, 1755, 1761, 1774 (106 + 131 pages; first grammar of Dutch in German)
• Het koninglyk Neder-Hoog-Duitsch en Hoog-Neder-Duitsch Dictionnaire / The Royal Nider-Hoch-Teutsch, and Hoch-Nider-Teutsch Dictionarium , 2 volumes, Nuremberg 1719 (548, 292 pages; first dictionary of this language pair); ed. by Johann Daniel Titius , Leipzig 1759; ed. by Adam Abrahamsz van Moerbeek, Leipzig 1768

literature

• Laurent Bray: Matthias Kramer et la lexicographie du français en Allemagne au XVIIIe siècle. Avec une édition des textes métalexicographiques de Kramer . Tübingen 2000 (Lexicographica Series Maior 99). [originally habilitation thesis at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, winter semester 1995–1996; fundamental]
• Gerhard Ising: The recording of the German language of the late 17th century in the dictionaries Matthias Kramer and Kaspar Stielers . Berlin 1956.
• Suzanne Renner-Braakman:  Kramer, Matthias. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 12, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1980, ISBN 3-428-00193-1 , p. 668 ( digitized version ).

Web links

• Publications by and about Matthias Kramer in VD 17 .
• Publications by and about Matthias Kramer in VD 18 .
• Literature by and about Matthias Kramer in the SUDOC catalog (Association of French University Libraries)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Laurent Bray: Becher et les bases théoriques du Dictionnaire roïal (1712–1715) by Matthias Kramer . In: Dix-huitième siècle , 2006/1 (No. 38), pp. 151-160 ( online ).