Johann Ernst von Hanxleden

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Father Johann Ernst von Hanxleden
Coat of arms of those of Hanxleden

Johann Ernst von Hanxleden , also known as Arnos Patiri , (* 1681 in Ostercappeln near Osnabrück , † March 21, 1732 in Pazhuvil , Kerala , India ) was a Jesuit , missionary and orientalist .

Life

Johann Ernst von Hanxleden came from the old Westphalian noble family of Hanxleden . He studied philosophy in Augsburg, applied for the East Indian Jesuit mission at the age of 18 and set out for the Orient on October 3, 1699 with Fathers Wilhelm Weber and Wilhelm Mayer and the doctor Franz Kaspar Schillinger from Augsburg . The group first reached Cyprus via Italy . There, von Hanxleden joined the Jesuit order on November 30, 1699 . Via Turkey , Asia Minor , Syria , Armenia and Persia , we continued to Bandar Abbas on the Persian Gulf . There the group continued their journey by ship to Surat (India). During the crossing, the two Jesuits Weber and Mayer fell ill, died and were buried at sea. After a 15-month journey, von Hanxleden reached the city of Goa in December 1700, together with Franz Kaspar Schillinger . He soon moved on to the south of India, lived in the Ambalakad Jesuit college, studied theology at the nearby St. Paul's Seminary in Sampaloor ( Kerala ) and was ordained a priest there in 1705 . The Jesuit branch Ambalakad and St. Paul's Seminary Sambaloor are in the immediate vicinity and are located in what is now Mala, Trichur District , Kerala.

For more than 30 years, Father von Hanxleden worked as a missionary in Malabar . First he stayed in Ambalakad and from 1705 taught theology at the seminary of Sambaloor. He developed into a specialist in local languages. He mastered Eastern Syrian, the liturgical language of the Thomas Christians , Sanskrit and Malayalam the local colloquial language. Father Hanxleden wrote several grammars (Malayalam and Sanskrit), dictionaries (Malayalam - Portuguese, Sanskrit - Portuguese), numerous religious poems and songs. His Malayalam grammar is considered the first of this Indian language at all. The linguistic works remained largely unpublished. The Carmelite Paulinus a S. Bartholomaeo, archivist of the Propaganda Fide in Rome , later used several of them to write two Sanskrit grammars. In his linguistic work, Father Hanxleden supported his confratres and compatriots Bernhard Bischopinck (1690–1746) and Jakob Hausegger (1700–1765), as well as Antonius Pimentel (1676–1751), who would later become Archbishop of Angamaly.

Johann Ernst von Hanxleden alias "Arnos Pathiri" achieved timeless fame in Kerala through the Malayalam hymn poem Puthanpana (New Book of Hymns - Religious Songs for the Price of the Redeemer). Up to the present day his lyrics have been set to music again and again and recorded on sound carriers; there they belong to the popular religious songs.

After his time in Mala, the Jesuit secretary to Archbishop Joannes Ribeiro SJ of Angamaly (then based in Cranganore ), then pastor in Calicut and finally for 16 years in Velur, a village near Trichur. Here he had the St. Francis Xavier Church built, which was consecrated in 1712, is still original and is therefore under protection as a national monument .

From 1729 Father Hanxleden taught again at St. Paul's Seminary in Sambaloor (Mala). The Jesuit later moved to Pazhuvil. Johann Ernst von Hanxleden died here of a snakebite near St. Antonius Church and was buried near this church. A memorial was later built for him there, under which his remains were buried, and there is also a museum that looks after his memory today.

The clergyman is also considered a lover of the Chaturanga game, the ancient Indian variant of our chess . He learned this from local members of the Nambudiri caste and in his former parsonage in Velur he can still see the figures he had drawn on the floor.

Works

  • Pancha Parvam ( Five Poems ), Verapoly (India) 1873 (Ernakulam 19062)
  • Puthanpana ( New Book of Hymns . Religious Songs for the Prize of the Savior), Alleppey (India) 1955
  • Dictionarium Malabaricum – Lusitanum (Rome, Vatican Library) (with other authors)
  • Malayalam dictionary . (Coimbra, University Library)
  • Life of Christ (Bonn, Catholic Missions)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Website about the place Sampaloor, Kerala with mention of the study there and the ordination of Arnos Patiri (Johann Ernst von Hanxleden)
  2. ↑ Website about the place Mala, with mention of the two localities Ambalakad and St. Pauls Seminary Sambaloor
  3. ↑ site about Sampaloor, Mala
  4. ↑ Julia Lederle:  HAUSEGGER, Jakob. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 20, Bautz, Nordhausen 2002, ISBN 3-88309-091-3 , Sp. 719-720., With mention of the support of Father Hanxleden
  5. ↑ Julia Lederle: Mission and Economy of the Jesuits in India: Intermediate Action Using the Example of the Malabar Province in the 18th Century. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2009, ISBN 978-3-447-05909-1 , p. 128 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  6. ↑ Playable recording with songs from the hymn poem Puthanpana , by Father Hanxleden
  7. ↑ Website about the history of the St. Francis Xavier Church in Velur, Kerala , with more detailed information about Father Hanxleden (pictures of the church can be found under “Photo Gallery”).
  8. ↑ Website of the St. Antony Church Pazhuvil, Kerala , with information about the death and grave of Father Hanxleden (under the item “Photo Gallery” a picture of the grave monument and the grave plate can be called up).
  9. ↑ Website about Chaturanga, with a mention of Father Hanxleden, alias "Arnos Pathiri"
personal data
SURNAME Hanxleden, Johann Ernst von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Arnos Partiri
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Jesuit, missionary and orientalist
DATE OF BIRTH 1681
PLACE OF BIRTH Ostercappeln near Osnabrück
DATE OF DEATH March 21, 1732
Place of death Pazhuvil , Kerala , India