Johann Friedrich Celestine

Johann Friedrich Coelestin (* around 1535 in Plauen ; † 1578 ; also Johann Friedrich Himmlisch , Johann Friedrich Himmel and Johann Friedrich Uranius ) was a German Lutheran clergyman and theologian .

Life

Johann Friedrich Coelestin was born in Plauen around 1535; his brother was the Berlin provost and court preacher Georg Coelestin .

Johann Friedrich Coelestin stayed in his native town of Plauen until he was 13, before moving to Schneeberg, Leipzig , Naumburg, Halle, Eisleben and Amberg . After completing his training, he took up the post of school teacher in Neumarkt. Later apprenticeships were in Leipzig and Regensburg . Since 1557 he was in exchange with Nicolaus Gallus . In 1558, Celestine accepted the position of professor for theology at the grammar school in Lauingen . In 1560 he was appointed professor at the University of Jena for the Greek language . As a supporter of Matthias Flacius , however, he was forced to give up this position in 1562. During that period he received his doctorate and ordination in Frankfurt an der Oder . From February 1562 on, Celestine was at Theusing in Bohemia for a few months .

At the beginning of 1563, Celestine and his brother can be found again in Regensburg. Both go to Haag in April . Johann Friedrich Coelestin switched to the service of Count Ladislaus von Haag and became court preacher and inspector. His task was to introduce the Reformation there. However, no contract was signed so that Celestine could change jobs whenever he wanted. In the same year he was dismissed from his position because of his polemics against the neighboring Catholic Bavaria. In addition, Celestine was not satisfied with his employment himself.

He then switched to the service of Count Joachim von Ortenburg , who also wanted to introduce the Reformation in his county. Before he came to Ortenburg , he stayed with the Protestant Count Julius von Salm in the county of Neuburg . From September 1563 at the latest, Celestine was in the immediate empire county of Ortenburg . According to the official permission of the Count, Coelestin held the first Protestant service on October 3, 1563 in the chapel of Neu-Ortenburg Castle . On October 17th, he held the first public service with communion in the Marktkirche . The Bavarian duke wanted to reverse the introduction of the Reformation in Ortenburg, as one means he forcibly expelled Celestine from Ortenburg by Bavarian troops on February 20, 1564. In the meantime he returned to the Lauingen grammar school and taught theology there again. In 1568 Coelestin returned to the University of Jena and took over the chair of theology there. In 1568/69 he took part in the Altenburg Religious Discussion . In 1572 Coelestin had to leave Jena again and went to Austria via Mecklenburg. There he was pastor in Eferding , and from 1574 pastor in Stein. In 1577 Coelestin finally took over a pastorate in Vienna . A year later, in 1578, he died.

Fonts (selection)

• Christian management teaching and consolation, to the poor, troubled and troubled Church of Christ, in the laudable Graffschafften Ortenburgk, Haag and Newburgk am In, in Bayerlandt (Regensburg 1564, digitized edition )
• Conclvsiones De Scripto Dei Verbo (Launingen 1566, digitized edition )
• Of forced vows and oaths: Whether a Christian should at the time of persecution with God and good consciences should go out of bounds and force his authorities to give evangelical books in cities churches sermons and worship and could make it difficult: And ... whether they should also be given to a Christian ( 1567, digitized edition )
• Trial of the Sacramentous Spirit (Quart 1567, Digitized Edition )
• Of schools, for what causes they now and then disintegrate so miserably in Stetten and Flecken - and how schools should be organized and governed in a Christian way (Strasbourg 1568)
• Pantheum sive Anatomia et Symphonia Papatus et praecipuorum Haeresum praesentium (Volume 1 1568, digitized edition ; Volume 2 1569, digitized edition )
• Clear and thorough refutation of the alleged void reasons why the apostate M. Caspar Franck fell from the Euangelio to Babstumb (1569, digitized edition )
• Other part. Anatomia of the Bapstum (1569)
• Confession of the justification for God and of good works of the theologians in the University of Jhena (Jena 1569)
• Book dealers, book printers and bookfighters (Regensburg 1569)
• By D. Johan. Pfeffinger's preface now ended, concerning the current controversial Hendel in religion (Jena 1570, digitized edition )
• Christian Summary Answer D. Johan. Frid. Celestini, auff several Gottslesterische Bepstische Bücher, partly against jn, partly in common, against all Euangelischen churches and Lerer, recently went out (Ursel 1571, digitized edition )

literature

• Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz :  Celestine, Johann Friedrich. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 1081.
• Carl Mehrmann: History of the Evangelical Lutheran Community of Ortenburg in Lower Bavaria - memorandum for the anniversary celebration of the 300th anniversary of the introduction of the Reformation there on October 17 and 18, 1863 , Landshut 1863, p. 108. ( digitized version )
• Wilhelm Preger:  Celestine, Johann Friedrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, pp. 389-391.
• Hans Schellnhuber : The Reformation in the imperial county of Ortenburg . In: 400 years of Evang.-Luth. Kirchengemeinde Ortenburg 1563–1963, Ortenburg 1963, pp. 6–42.
• Martin Schmidt:  Celestine, Johann Friedrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2 , p. 308 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Leonhard Theobald : The introduction of the Reformation in the county of Ortenburg . (Contributions to the cultural history of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, Volume 17), Leipzig 1914, p. 32 f.