Johann II. (Brandenburg)

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Johann II (* 1237 (?); † September 10, 1281 ) was co-regent of his brother Otto IV ( with the arrow ) as Margrave of Brandenburg from 1266 until his death . He also carried the title "Herr zu Krossen " ( Neumark ).

Godfather with Johann II and wife Hedwig von Werle from 1280/1290 from the Chorin monastery

Life

Co-regency

Johann II belonged to the Johannine line of the Mark Ascanians and was the eldest son of Margrave Johann I and Sophia of Denmark (1217–1247), daughter of King Waldemar II of Denmark and Berengarias of Portugal . Johann II was co-regent but was much less prominent than his younger brother Otto IV. There are significantly less data on details from his life than on his father and the other Ascanian regents of the Mark Brandenburg. As the firstborn he exercised the Brandenburg Kurrecht on the occasion of the election of Rudolf von Habsburg, and took an important position among the co-regents - at least in the understanding of the historiography of the late 19th century, and received next to his brother mentioned above in Berlin Siegesallee his own Received still image.

Chorin Monastery

Most of the surviving data on Johann II are related to the new burial place for the Johannine line, the Chorin monastery . The Cistercian monastery was founded by his father in 1258 as part of the division of the Mark under the name of Mariensee , while the traditional Ascan monastery Lehnin remained with the Ottonian line .

Askanier castles in the Schorfheide hunting area

400-year-old path in the Schorfheide , Johanns II's hunting ground.

In 1273 the three brothers Otto IV. ( With the arrow ), Johann II. And Konrad I (like Johann II. Co-regent, father of the last great Brandenburg Askanier Waldemar ), jointly issued a document in which they had this from their father Relocation of the Mariensee monastery to Chorin confirmed. The three seals show the same image of the standing armored margrave with eagle shield and margravial flag lance. They only differ in the inscriptions they assign to the respective brother.

The certificate is issued in the Askanierburg Werbellin , a place of residence west of the monastery in the Schorfheide . The Schorfheide was the preferred hunting ground of the Ascanians in the second half of the 13th century. In addition to Werbellin, there were two other Ascanian castles in the extensive forest area at that time. Since it is recorded that Otto IV preferred to stay in Grimnitz Castle on the west bank of the Grimnitzsee , Johann II either had the castle ( castrum , Festes Haus ) in Breden on the south-east bank of the Werbellinsee or the castle in Werbellin at the south end of the same lake as his first hunting domicile used.

All three castles were founded by John I and were probably destroyed in the 14th century. The oldest recorded mention of Grimnitz Castle, of which ruins are still present, can be found in a document that Johann II, Otto IV, Konrad I and Heinrich I ( without land ) had jointly certified in 1297. In place of the Askanierburg Werbellin, the listed Askanier Tower stands today on the Schlossberg, a (closed) observation tower that Prince Carl of Prussia inaugurated in 1879 in memory of the Askanians.

Paten and burial place

Chorin Monastery

In Berlin's Nikolaikirche there is a paten (communion plate) from the Chorin monastery with a diameter of 28.5 centimeters (see picture above). A donor couple is depicted around the central enthroned god, who, according to the inscription, are Johann II and his wife Hedwig von Werle (1243–1287). The Askanier paten replaced a previous plate in the monastery around 1280/90. Wolfgang Erdmann suspects that the godfather was donated by the brothers Otto IV and Konrad I, who died after Johann II and Hedwig, “ for Chorin and used there for the Askanier memoria. “The plate belongs to a magnificent goblet ( Askanier goblet ), which was probably donated as early as 1266/67 and which the brothers Johann I and Otto III, who ruled together together . shows with their wives.

Johann II (1281) and his wife Hedwig (1287) were buried in the monastery church Chorin, the construction of which was not yet completed at that time.

Family, offspring

Johann married

children

Monument in the Siegesallee

Relief based on the Siegesallee statue, 1909, Berlin-Mariendorf

While the admission of the last and for the Brandenburg history completely insignificant Askanier Heinrich II. ( The child ) in the Siegesallee was controversial and ultimately only owed to the fact that the symmetry with 16 groups on each side of the monumental boulevard should be preserved, lie over the reasons that led to the admission of the also rather insignificant co-regent Johann II. The historical commission of the avenue under the direction of Reinhold Koser chose Count Günther I von Lindow-Ruppin (? –1284) and the Berlin long-distance trader and councilor Konrad Belitz (? {First mentioned 1288} as characteristic contemporaries and secondary figures (busts) for the statue of the margrave - 1308).

The sculptor of Monument Group 6 was Reinhold Felderhoff , who had a free hand in designing the statue. There were no original images and the only figurative feature from the Märkische Fürstenchronik , which Johann II characterized as small in stature, capable and strong, he could not implement because of the prescribed uniform height of the statues. Felderhoff's design fell completely out of the ordinary by choosing an (almost modern), large-scale, typifying form against the usual historicizing art. He was the only Siegesallee sculptor to refrain from individualizing the statue and created a standardized warrior figure, calmly and seriously looking to the ground, “ which anticipates the type of memorial. “The figure shows Johann II supported on a large shield with the coat of arms of the House of Ballenstedt - Esico von Ballenstedt is considered to be the progenitor of the Askanians.

The ceremonial unveiling of the monument group took place on November 14, 1900. The statue of Johann II was from 1978 to 2009 with slight contour damage in the Lapidarium in Berlin-Kreuzberg and has been in the Spandau Citadel since May 2009 . In 1909 a relief was created based on the model of the Felderhoff statue, which extends over the first and second floors of the corner house on Markgrafenstrasse / Mariendorfer Damm in Berlin-Mariendorf . Its author is unknown. (See also: Felderhoff, Siegesalleegruppe .)

literature

Source collection
  • Heinrici de Antwerpe: Can. Brandenburg., Tractatus de urbe Brandenburg ( Memento from February 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). New ed. and explained by Georg Sello. In: 22nd annual report of the Altmark Association for Patriotic History and Industry in Salzwedel. Magdeburg 1888, issue 1, pp. 3-35. (Internet publication by Tilo Köhn with transcriptions and translations.)
  • Chronica Marchionum Brandenburgensium , ed. G. Sello, FBPrG I , 1888.
Bibliographies
  • Schreckbach, Bibliogr. for business der Mark Brandenburg , Vol. 1–5 (Publications of the Potsdam State Archives; Vol. 8 ff.), Böhlau, Cologne 1970–1986.
Secondary literature
  • Tilo Köhn (editor): Brandenburg, Anhalt and Thuringia in the Middle Ages. Ascanians and Ludovingians building princely territorial rule. Helmut Assing . On the author's 65th birthday , Böhlau, Cologne-Weimar-Vienna 1997 ISBN 3-412-02497-X
  • Helmut Assing: The early Ascanians and their wives. Kulturstiftung Bernburg 2002, ISBN 3-9805532-9-9 .
  • Emil Dominik: The Askanierburg Werbellin . In: Richard George (Hrsg.): Hie good Brandenburg all way! Historical and cultural images from the past of the Mark and from old Berlin up to the death of the Great Elector. Verlag von W. Pauli's Nachf., Berlin 1900, digibib.tu-bs.de .
  • Wolfgang Erdmann: Cistercian Abbey Chorin. History, architecture, cult and piety, prince claims and self-portrayal, monastic economics and interactions with the medieval environment. With the collaboration of Gisela Gooß, Manfred Krause u. Gunther Nisch. With a detailed bibliography. Koenigstein i. Ts. 1994 (= The Blue Books). ISBN 3-7845-0352-7
  • Uta Lehnert: The Kaiser and the Siegesallee. Réclame Royale . Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-496-01189-0 .
  • Stephan Warnatsch: History of the Lehnin Monastery 1180–1542 , studies on the history, art and culture of the Cistercians, Volume 12.1, Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-931836-45-2 (also: Berlin, Free University, dissertation, 1999) .
  • Stephan Warnatsch: History of the Lehnin Monastery 1180–1542. Register directory. Vol. 12.2. ISBN 3-931836-46-0

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Stefan Warnatsch: Regestenverzeichnis Nr. 138 , September 8, 1273
  2. ↑ Grimnitz Castle at eiszeitstraße.de
  3. ↑ In the document, the four brothers leave the village of Mensdorf to the Marienwalde monastery
  4. ^ Emil Dominik: Die Askanierburg Werbellin , ... S. 134f
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Erdmann: Cistercian Abbey Chorin. ..., p. 12
  6. ↑ Uta Lehnert: The Kaiser and the ... , pp. 57f, 125
  7. ↑ Uta Lehnert: The Kaiser and the ... , p. 224
personal data
SURNAME Johann II.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Margrave of Mark Brandenburg (co-regent)
DATE OF BIRTH around 1237
DATE OF DEATH September 10, 1281