Johann Schön (mathematician)

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Johann Schön (born June 22, 1771 in Salzburg Castle near Neustadt an der Saale ; † April 18, 1839 in Würzburg ) was a German Catholic clergyman, including mathematician and meteorologist and professor of mathematics and astronomy in Würzburg.

Life

Johann Schön was born as the fourth child of the independent farmer Johann Schön and his wife Elisabeth.

He visited in the nearby village of salt , the Latin School and then from 1784 to 1789 that the Augustinian order led high school in Münnerstadt Professor Eusebius Stapf (1751-unknown). In 1789, Johann Schön began a two-year philosophy course at the University of Würzburg and, after a public disputation, received the Dr. phil. He then studied theology and entered the spiritual seminary in Würzburg as an alumnus in 1792 , where he held the position of public repetitor of philosophy for a year .

On September 19, 1795, he received the priesthood from Prince Bishop Georg Karl von Ferchenbach , who also made him the chaplain of the clerical seminary . In 1796 he became a chaplain in Arnstein and in 1797 a public professor of philosophy at the grammar school in Würzburg. After his former teacher Franz Trentel retired, Prince-Bishop Ferchenbach appointed him extraordinary professor of mathematics at the university and Johann Schön became a member of the philosophical faculty.

After the Hochstift Würzburg fell to the Electorate of Bavaria in 1803 , the grammar school was reorganized and the philosophy course was reassigned to the university; the position at the mathematical section of the university was filled with Johann Nepomuk Fischer and Konrad Stahl , so that Johann Schön was without a job.

In 1804 he got a job as a math and physics teacher at the grammar school, but also used the new facility of the private lecturer in order to work as a private mathematics teacher.

The renewed change of government in 1806 meant that the Principality of Würzburg came under the rule of the Habsburg Ferdinand III. came from Tuscany and became independent as the Grand Duchy of Würzburg . The two-year philosophy course was reintroduced at the grammar school and Johann Schön was appointed teacher of the upper class, and he remained as a math teacher at the grammar school. For financial reasons, however, his application for the vacant chair in mathematics (Johann Nepomuk Fischer had died and Konrad Stahl was appointed to the University of Landshut ) was rejected, the chairs remained vacant until 1809.

On September 7, 1809, he was appointed public and full professor of mathematics after the Grand Duke's new organization for a re-Catholicization of the university led to forced retirement for Protestant professors. He held this professorship until his death.

Between 1808 and 1816 he also taught advanced training students and young craftsmen in the four mathematical schools of the Society for the Promotion and Perfection of Mechanical Arts and Crafts, founded in 1806 (from 1851 Central Polytechnic Association ) in mathematics, geometry, mechanics, statics and architecture.

In 1816 he occupied himself more with celestial and meteorological studies, he also gave astronomy lectures and campaigned for the restoration of the observatory on the tower of the new church ; Due to the death of its builder Franz Huberti and the constant change of government, this had been neglected, so that the facility was dilapidated. From May 1819, he was given honorary management of the observatory.

As early as 1811, Johann Schön was increasingly concerned with meteorology and from 1818 until his death in 1839 he recorded all his observations in the royal courtyard garden. Today these form an important source of information for the climate of Würzburg at the beginning of the 19th century, as a state weather station was only opened in 1880.

When Johann Schön died, Andreas Metz was his successor.

Memberships

For several years he held the office of President of the Würzburg Marian Sodality .

He was a member of the academic senate of the University of Würzburg.

Honors

The Schönstrasse in Veitshöchheim was named after him.

Fonts (selection)

Johann Schön was the author of widespread textbooks on mathematics as well as various school pedagogical publications. He published 32 writings in book form and 95 publications in magazines.

  • Examination of the mathematics reform proposed by Professor Wagner. Langbein and Klüger, Arnstadt / Rudolstadt 1804. books.google.de
  • Textbook of plane and spherical trigonometry . Bamberg 1805. books.google.de
  • The numerical calculation or arithmetic: for use in schools etc. in the bourgeoisie Life. Göbhardt, Bamberg / Würzburg 1805. books.google.de
  • The letter arithmetic and lower algebra: on the use of the lectures . Jos. Stahel, Würzburg 1806.
  • Outline of the entire theoretical astronomy, with an appendix on the calendar . C. Felssecker, Nuremberg 1811. books.google.de
  • Short and comprehensible lessons in arithmetic, geometry, practical mechanics and statics, and bourgeois architecture: for bourgeois and Sunday schools, etc. initially for d. grand ducal Geometry and Drawing school. 1. Common arithmetic - 1812 . - 88 S. Stahel, Würzburg 1812. books.google.de
  • Short and comprehensible lessons in arithmetic, geometry, practical mechanics and statics, and bourgeois architecture: for bourgeois and Sunday schools, etc. initially for d. grand ducal Geometry and Drawing school. 2. The Geometry - 1812 . - 91 pp .: Ill. Stahel, Würzburg 1812. books.google.de
  • Short and comprehensible lessons in arithmetic, geometry, practical mechanics and statics, and bourgeois architecture: for bourgeois and Sunday schools, etc. initially for d. grand ducal Geometry and Drawing school. 3. The practical mechanics and statics - 1812 . - 86 p .: Illustrated Stahl, Würzburg 1812. reader.digitale-sammlungen.de
  • Short and comprehensible lessons in arithmetic, geometry, practical mechanics and statics, and bourgeois architecture: for bourgeois and Sunday schools, etc. initially for d. grand ducal Geometry and Drawing school. 4. Bourgeois architecture - 1812 . - 63 S. Stahel, Würzburg 1812. books.google.de
  • Civil architecture for community and Sunday schools. Reutlingen 1813. books.google.de
  • The numerical calculation, or complete textbook of arithmetic: for use in schools and in civil life . Goebhardt, Bamberg 1815.
  • About the benefits of studying mathematics . Dorbath, Würzburg 1817.
  • The basis of weather science . Dümmler, Berlin 1818. books.google.de
  • Some tasks on debt settlement with their resolutions: as an addition to his textbook on letter arithmetic and algebra . Bonitas, Würzburg 1818
  • Representation of the circumstances of the great solar eclipse on September 7th, 1820 by a large, lythographed drawing designed for the earth in general and especially for Würzburg: with short instructions on how to make such drawings . Würzburg 1820, doi: 10.3931 / e-rara-2935
  • Discussion of some of the main moments in the theory of geometrical relationships in the sense of Euclid and other mathematicians . CW Becker, Würzburg 1821.
  • On the weather and fertility of the year 1818 from observations: for a useful comparison of the weather in the current year 1819 and in the following years. Bonitas, Würzburg 1819.
  • On the weather and fertility of 1819, from observations: as a continuation of his work published on the same subject for the year 1818 . Bonitas, Würzburg 1820. books.google.de
  • On the weather and fertility of the year 1820: from observations: as a continuation of his writings published on the same subject for the year 1819 . Bonitas, Würzburg 1821
  • Discussion of some of the main moments in the theory of geometrical relationships in the sense of Euclid and other mathematicians: a program for the lectures on pure general theory of sizes . Lower Saxony State and University Library, Göttingen; Becker, Würzburg 1821, books.google.de
  • On the weather and fertility of the year 1821 from observations: as a continuation of his writings published on the same subject for the years 1818, 1819 and 1820 . Bonitas, Würzburg 1822. books.google.de
  • On the weather and fertility of the year 1822 from observations: as a continuation of his writings published on the same subject for the years 1818, 19, 20, 21: (With 1 stone tablet) . Wuerzburg 1823.
  • Representation of the circumstances of the great lunar eclipse on Jan. 26, 1823 by a large lithographed drawing, initially designed for Würzburg: with a comprehensible explanation of these phenomena in the sky and a brief instruction of their circumstances to be determined beforehand by calculation or drawing . Würzburg 1823. books.google.de
  • On the weather and fertility of the year 1823 from observations: as a continuation of his writings published on the same subject for the years 1818, 19, 20, 21 and 22 . Etlinger, Würzburg 1824.
  • Textbook of pure low geometry in connection with the manual for field measurement: With 20 copper plates. Felsecker, Nuremberg 1824. books.google.de
  • Textbook of the lower, pure, general theory of sizes, or the letter calculation and algebra: for visiting public lectures and the like. of self-teaching. Würzburg 1825. books.google.de
  • A short teaching concept of higher mathematics, or textbook of higher analysis and higher geometry, based on lower mathematics and for the purpose of public lectures and self-instruction . In the JE v. Seidel'schen buchhandlung, Sulzbach 1833. books.google.de
  • Astronomical pocket booklet for 1838/39 . Stahel, Würzburg 1838.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Schematism of the Diocese of Würzburg: 1823 . Echter-Verlag, 1823 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  2. ^ Peter Thiel: Franz Oberthür and the Central Polytechnic Association. Franz Oberthür School (website).
  3. ↑ Wetterzentrale Forum :: Official weather stations :: DWD station Würzburg (ID 5705): picture report from 25.06.2017. Accessed December 10, 2017 (German).
personal data
SURNAME Fine, Johann
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German clergyman, mathematician, meteorologist, astronomer and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH June 22, 1771
PLACE OF BIRTH Salzburg Castle
DATE OF DEATH April 18, 1839
Place of death Wurzburg