Johannes Henricus Scholten

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Johannes Henricus Scholten

Johannes Henricus Scholten (also: Johannes Heinrich Scholten , Joannes Henricus Scholten ; born August 17, 1811 in Vleuten near Utrecht , † April 10, 1885 in Leiden ) was an important Dutch reformed theologian. He is considered to be the head of critical Protestant theology of his time.

Life

Johannes Henricus was the son of pastor Wessel Scholten (* May 8, 1785 in Amsterdam; † December 5, 1856 in Leiden) and his wife Andrietta Christina van Heusde (* August 10, 1784 in Leiden; † November 11, 1857 ibid). After attending the schools in Harderwijk and, from the age of twelve , the grammar school in Delft , he prepared himself for a degree from 1827 through private lessons. On June 15, 1828 he enrolled at the University of Utrecht as a theology student. First, from September 1828, he initially studied classical literature and philosophy at the Utrecht University. He interrupted his studies in 1830 when the Belgian Revolution broke out and he took part in the military conflicts with the Utrecht volunteer hunters. Returned to Utrecht in 1832, he intensified his theological studies with Jodocus Heringa Eliza's zoon , Hermanus Bouman (1789–1864) and Herman Johan Royaards (1774–1854).

During his student days he had already got to know the supranaturalism prevailing in the Netherlands , which did not appeal to him. Rather, he was interested in the philosophical-theological considerations of Friedrich Schleiermacher and Karl von Hase, which flowed in from Germany . These influences were to shape his basic theological conception in the period that followed. Scholten received his doctorate in philosophy on March 18, 1835 with the subject De Demostheneae eloquentia charactere under his uncle Philipp Wilhelm van Heusde with magna cum laude and on June 14, 1836 under Royaards with the treatise De Dei erga hominem amore, principe religionis Christianae loco doctor of theology. In the year of his theological doctorate, he was accepted as a candidate for a ministry.

From 1837 he was appointed pastor in Meerkerk , 1840 professor of theology at the Gymnasium Athenaeum in Franeker and June 25, 1843 as associate professor of theology at the University of Leiden . After he took office on September 16, 1843 with the speech de Religione Christiana suae ipsa divinitatis in animo humano vindice , he became a full professor of the faculty mentioned on December 10, 1845. His teaching assignment included the introduction to the New Testament, natural theology and dogmatics. In 1876 he was appointed professor of theological philosophy and church history. He also participated in the organizational tasks of the university and was rector of the Alma Mater in 1846/47, 1856/57, and 1876/77 . On May 29, 1881 he was retired from his professorship by royal resolution. Scholten is considered to be the main of critical theology in the Netherlands.

On May 5, 1856 he became a member of the literature department of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences .

Scholten was married twice.

On May 10, 1838 Johannes Henricus Scholten married in Utrecht with Maria Anna de Kock (born January 9, 1815 in Utrecht, † May 3, 1839 in Meerkerk), the daughter of the doctor Ijsbrand de Kock (born October 21, 1781 in Utrecht , † October 31, 1868 in Utrecht) and his wife Josina Gepke van Geuns (born May 26, 1776 in Groningen, † May 11, 1852 in Utrecht).

His second marriage was on April 7, 1842 in Utrecht with Adriana Maria Altera Ras (born June 30, 1820 in Utrecht, † April 13, 1898 in Leiden) the daughter of Pieter Ras (born January 14, 1792 Utrecht, † 30. September 1859 ibid) and Johanna Jacoba Dronsberg (born June 24, 1798 in Amsterdam, † June 16, 1856 in Arnhem). Two daughters are known from the second marriage:

  • Andreëtta Christina Wesselina Scholten (* Franeker † November 10, 1936 in Leiden)
  • Johanna Petronella Jacoba Scholten (born November 13, 1846 in Leiden) married. on April 22, 1870 in Leiden with the professor of medicine Teunis Zaayer

Act

The first part of its effectiveness was devoted to dogmatics and the philosophy of religion. The related writings are:

  • Leer der herrormde kerk in hare grondbeginselen (Leiden 1848-50, 4th edition 1861-62; German excerpt from Nippold in the Zeitschrift für Historische Theologie 1865) and the works also published in German:
  • History of religion and philosophy (Leiden 1853, 3rd ed. 1863; German by Redepenning, Elberfeld 1868) and
  • Free will (Leiden 1859; German von Manchot, Berlin 1874).

The basic idea is man's dependence on God, who determines him, so that man can regard his own strength as an inherent divine power, his own thinking and working as the inner revelation, calling and drawing of God and can find his personal dignity in it. The second half of its effectiveness was devoted to the New Testament criticism, in which respect it occupies a similar position in the Netherlands as Ferdinand Christian Baur from Tübingen once did in Germany.

Works (selection)

  • Historical-critical inleiding tot de writings of the Nieuwen Testament (Leiden 1855, 2nd ed. 1856);
  • Geschiedenis der christelijke godgeleerdheid gedurende het tijdperk des Nieuwen Testament (Leiden 1856, 2nd ed. 1857);
  • Het evangelie naar Johannes (Leiden. 1864; German by Lang, Berlin 1867);
  • De oudste getuigenissen aangaande de writings of the Nieuwen Testament (1866; German von Manchot, Bremen 1867);
  • Het oudste evangelie (Leiden 1868; German von Redepenning, Elberfeld 1869);
  • Het Paulinisch evangelie (Leiden 1870; German von Redepenning, Elberfeld 1881);
  • De apostle Johannes in Klein-Azië (Leiden 1871; German von Spiegel, Berlin 1872);
  • Historical-critical bijdragen naar aanleiding van de nieuwste hypothesis aangaande Jezus en Paulus (Leiden 1882).

His work Afscheidsrede bij het neerleggen van het hoogleeraarsambt (Leiden. 1881) gives an overview of his theological development .

literature

Web links

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personal data
SURNAME Scholten, Johannes Henricus
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Scholten, Johann Heinrich; Scholten, Joannes Henricus; Scholten, Jan Hendrik
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Dutch theologian
DATE OF BIRTH 17th August 1811
PLACE OF BIRTH Vleuten
DATE OF DEATH April 10, 1885
Place of death Suffer