John Tarchaneiotes

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Johannes Tarchaneiotes ( Middle Greek Ἰωάννης Ταρχανειώτης ; * before 1259; † April 1321 ) was a Byzantine aristocrat and general. 1289 he organized supposed to be a conspiracy of Arseniten with the aim of Emperor Andronikos II. Palaiologos overthrow.

Life

Johannes Tarchaneiotes was the son of Nikephoros Tarchaneiotes , who lived under the Nicean emperor John III. Dukas Batatzes held the prominent post of Megas Domestikos (Supreme Commander of the Army ) and Maria-Martha Palaiologina , a sister of Michael VIII Palaiologos . After the coronation of Michael VIII on New Year 1259, John and his brothers lived in the imperial palace in Constantinople . He embarked on a military career; under his uncle, the despot Johannes Dukas Palaiologos , he took part in the 1262 campaign against Michael II Komnenos Dukas of Epirus .

In 1266 Tarchaneiotes appears as one of the leading figures of the Arsenites, a political faction in the capital that supported the ex-patriarch Arsenios Autoreianos . Arsenios excommunicated Michael VIII because he had ousted and blinded the rightful emperor John IV Laskaris from the throne . The Arsenites refused to recognize the Patriarch's subsequent deposition and were severely persecuted for it. Ipso facto they also denied the legitimacy of the empire of Michael VIII's successor, Andronicus II, whom they regarded as the “son of an excommunicated usurper ” and crowned by an illegitimate patriarch ( Joseph I Galesiotes ).

After an attempt at reconciliation by Andronikos II failed at the Synod of Adramyttion in 1284, Tarchaneiotes placed himself at the head of the radical arsenite currents, while the moderate forces followed the monk Hyakinthos . In 1289 he came under suspicion of preparing a coup against the emperor. He was imprisoned in Chele Castle and later placed under house arrest in Constantinople . Released around 1296, he was arrested again the following year and thrown in palace prison.

Because Andronikos II needed the military talent of his cousin in Asia Minor against the Turkish Karamanids , he was rehabilitated in 1298 and entrusted with a command in the hard-fought Meander Valley. This only took place after a personal oath of loyalty was given : Andronikos II wanted to prevent Tarchaneiotes from following the example of his predecessor Alexios Philanthropenos , who had instigated a revolt in 1295 with the support of the local population in Asia Minor. Tarchaneiotes not only succeeded in quickly pacifying the region, he also reorganized the administration and took vigorous action against the corruption that had led to an increasing alienation of goods from the Pronoi system. By redistributing the lands, he was able to improve the troop strength and even build a small fleet.

Tarchaneiotes, however, attracted the enmity of those Pronoiars who had benefited from the old system. They accused him in the summer of 1300 of plotting a revolt with the anti-arsenite bishop of Philadelphia , Theoleptus . Tarchaneiotes fled to the imperial court in Thessaloniki ; he was imprisoned again and was not released until 1304. The situation in Asia Minor quickly deteriorated after his escape when his reforms were reversed. The remuneration of the army now went into the pockets of the local magnates , as a result the remaining military structures of the Byzantines in Asia Minor dissolved within a short time.

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literature

  • Dimiter Angelov: Imperial ideology and political thought in Byzantium, 1204-1330. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2007, ISBN 978-0-521-85703-1 , p. 121.
  • Mark C. Bartusis: The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society 1204-1453. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia PA 1997, ISBN 0-8122-1620-2 .
  • John L. Boojamra: The Church and Social Reform: The Policies of Patriarch Athanasios of Constantinople. Fordham University Press, New York NY 1993, ISBN 0-8232-1335-8 , pp. 158-159.
  • Alexander P. Kazhdan (Ed.): The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium . Oxford University Press, New York NY 1991, ISBN 0-19-504652-8 .
  • Angeliki E. Laiou: The Byzantine Aristocracy in the Palaeologan Period: A Story of Arrested Development. In: Viator: Medieval and Renaissance Studies. Vol. 4, 1973, ISSN  0083-5897 , pp. 141-142.
  • Donald M. Nicol : The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261-1453. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1993, ISBN 0-521-43991-4 .
  • Averkios Th. Papadopulos: Attempting a Genealogy of Palaiologists, 1259–1453. Pilger-Druckerei, Munich 1938 (reprinted by Adolf M. Hakkert, Amsterdam 1962), p. 17 No. 27.
  • Franz Tinnefeld : Pachymeres and Philes as witnesses for an early enterprise against the Ottomans. In: Byzantine Journal . Vol. 64, 1971, pp. 47-50.
  • Erich Trapp , Hans-Veit Beyer, Ioannes G. Leontiades, Sokrates Kaplaneres: Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit . 11. Fascicle: Σκαβαλέρος - Τιχόμηρος (= Publications of the Commission for Byzantine Studies . Vol. 1/11). Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1991, ISBN 3-7001-1878-3 , pp. 176–177 No. 27487 (with further references).

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ See Fatouros / Krischer, Kantakuzenos 1 , p. 229 f. Note 77
  2. ↑ See ODB S. 2012.
  3. ↑ See PLP 11, No. 27487.
  4. ↑ See Nicol, Last Centuries , p. 102; Bartusis, Late Byzantine Army , p. 75.
  5. ↑ See PLP 11, No. 27487.
  6. ↑ See Nicol, Last Centuries , p. 105; Bartusis, Late Byzantine Army , p. 75.
  7. ↑ See PLP 11, No. 27487.
  8. ↑ See Nicol, Last Centuries , p. 132 f.
personal data
SURNAME John Tarchaneiotes
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ἰωάννης Ταρχανειώτης (Middle Greek)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Byzantine aristocrat and general under Emperor Andronikos II.
DATE OF BIRTH before 1259
DATE OF DEATH April 1321