José Mascareñas

José Maria Mascareñas (* 1790 in Ourense , † 1862 in Madrid ) was a partisan of Carlism and a Bolivian diplomat .

Life

José Mascareñas was the son of General José Mascareñas; other ancestors were Pedro Mascarenhas and José de Mascarenhas da Silva e Lencastre (* October 2, 1708; † January 13, 1759), the last Duke of Aveiro , whose failed attempt on Joseph I contributed to the expulsion of the Jesuits from Portugal.

Ferdinand VII lifted the Lex Salica on March 29, 1830 through a pragmatic sanction, whereby his daughter Isabella II succeeded him to the throne.

José Mascareñas fought as colonel for a succession to the throne by Carlos María Isidro de Borbón . After the first Carlist War , José Mascareñas fled with Carlos Luis de Borbón to London via Bourges in 1839 .

In London, José Mascareñas became secretary to Antonio Acosta, the Bolivian consul general. In a petition dated May 22, 1839 to Cirilo de Alameda Brea, Mascareñas claimed to have provided the Carlist with Bolivian passports , while José Joaquín de Mora and Vicente Pazos Kanki accused each other of conducting the relevant trade.

The consulate general issued visas for Bolivia, and the shipping company William Scholey y Compañía had contractually secured the monopoly on passenger traffic in the context of the colonization of Bolivia in 1845. José Mascareñas found a livelihood by passing on the passenger details of the visa applications to the British authorities.

At the beginning of November 1839, Andrés de Santa Cruz was declared a traitor to the fatherland by a law, the name of a Bolivian being unworthy and outside the law. In 1843 his property in Bolivia was confiscated, whereupon he went to the Bolivian-Peruvian border, where he was arrested by the Peruvians and deported to Europe. In Europe, Santa Cruz became the envoy of José Ballivián and sought recognition for the establishment of a monarchy in Bolivia. As a monarch, he had initially intended himself, but since this was not well received by Ballivián, his declared goal was Agustín Muñoz, Duke of Tarancón (* 1837; † 1855), son of Maria Christina of Naples-Sicily and Agustín Fernando Muñoz y Sánchez to marry a daughter of Juan José Flores and put on the throne of La Paz. Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston , was initially open to this form of post-colonial politics . Andrés de Santa Cruz appointed Pedro José Domingo de Guerra as his charge d'affaires and left him with Louis-Philippe I and Pius IX. to seek recognition of the Bolivian monarchy .

At the same time, monarchists should infiltrate Bolivia as colonists. When the visa was issued, José Mascareñas learned of the conspiracy . José Mascareñas saw in the son of Maria Christina of Naples-Sicily an opponent of Carlism and convinced Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston , that Louis-Philippe I was behind the undertaking , whereupon Louis-Philippe I was responsible for the ships that bring the recruited Europeans to America should have been confiscated in British ports.

After the plan to make a son of Christina king of Bolivia was thwarted, Mascareñas, as representative of William Scholey y Compañía , sought the recognition of Carlos Luis de Borbón as King of Bolivia.

On February 20, 1848 Ludwig von Oettingen-Wallerstein received a letter from José Mascareñas. On February 4, 1848, the William Scholey y Compañía cited the Augsburg tobacco manufacturer Carl Ludwig von Lotzbeck (* February 7, 1754 Lahr / Schwarzwald , † May 13, 1826 ibid) as a reference in a separate letter . In the letter, José Mascareñas outlined his idea of ​​a monarchy in Bolivia. On February 25, 1848 Maurice de Hirsch paid 3,000 guilders for Carlos Luis de Borbón to Masareñas on the instructions of Ludwig I.

A Wittelsbacher on the Inca throne

Sebastian Franz von Daxenberger was the secretary of Maximilian II Joseph . He showed his talent for public relations when he turned to the press with corrective articles after the abolition of censorship as Ministerialrat of the Bavarian Ministry of Foreign and Internal Law in order to shed the right light on political measures. He wrote the memorandum The Appeal of a Bavarian Prince to the Throne of Bolivia on the case of José Mascareñas . “The transformation of the South American republics into hereditary kingdoms is by no means a chimera, it seems to be in America's destiny that while its northern, largely Protestant half gradually becomes completely republican, following the example of the United States, the southern, Catholic half goes to Brazil Taking example, passing into monarchies. Mejico, Ecuador, Venezuela and Peru, as well as Bolivia, are likely to become individual royal states, perhaps soon to be united, and it has become public knowledge that Queen Christine of Spain has already made important attempts for such an end goal for her children of second marriage. "

Ludwig von Oettingen-Wallerstein documented in a letter to Maximilian II Joseph the view of Ludwig I on the subject of a monarchy for Bolivia: He wrote that Ludwig I recognized “at first glance the immeasurable scope of the subject. He did not conceal the difficulties that a young South American republic would have to face not only on the part of public opinion in that part of the world in general, but also on the part of the powerful North American Union in particular; he foresaw how the intended thrones would become a goal even if those difficulties were successfully overcome Partly dynastic ambition, partly political striving for influence for all large states that own fleets, like preferably the combined interests of all non-German cabinets on this side and on the other side of the equator, are absolutely likely to conflict with the establishment of German rule in the new world, as, along with Lord Palmerston's passion, set heaven and earth in motion in order to keep the Bavarian regent house, which it so hated from Greece and Greek things, away from a second task to found the Empire. But he also feels what lies in such an idea for his family, what for Germany. "

"He visualized the marvelous temperate climate of those countries, the immense size and the almost fabulous wealth of their soil, their ideal suitability for Germanic immigration and their longing for Germanic immigrants."

“He saw that a German regent branch, transplanted to the other hemisphere, would quickly attract a German population, with the appearance of this population that branch would also gain unshakable national soil, and the young ruler would succeed in a very short transition phase To navigate through, he would receive his entire fatherland without wasting wealth, without bloodshed, which determines his political and commercial size, he would get a great, essentially German stop, and by means of this stop, in addition to the longed-for preconditions of independent shipping and independent exchange of goods, too a secured, honorable outlet for its population surplus, thus a main requirement for solving the social question. "

These considerations predominated in his thoroughly German heart. For him, the promised crown was a mission in favor of Germany.

“Without hesitation,” assured Wallerstein, “his decision was made that the recognition of Bolivia, which was recognized by half the world and even by its own mother country, should take place as soon as possible: the associated setting up of an insightful consular agent should provide a reliable insight in the circumstances, and in the event that it turned out to be feasible, King Ludwig wanted to do everything possible to persuade a capable member of the older or younger Bavarian line to accept the Bolivian and, in certain circumstances, the Bolivian-Peruvian Empire. "

The adoption of Carlos Luis de Borbón by Ludwig I was still pending, when on March 6, 1848 the cabinet of Ludwig von Oettingen-Wallerstein was replaced by the cabinet of Klemens von Waldkirch .

On March 20, 1848, when Maximilian II succeeded Joseph Ludwig I , Klemens von Waldkirch wrote a memorandum in which he pointed out a number of inconsistencies in the offer of the Bolivian crown , and in a conversation with Mascareñas described his plans as currently inopportune , whereupon Mascareñas asked for his passport, which he had sent Wallerstein.

On March 23, 1848 Mascareñas brought Ludwig I a farewell letter, in which he reminded of the favorable reception that his father and Wallerstein had given his proposals; he had to leave Munich with the sorrow that his efforts did not lead to the goal he had set for himself. "I'm leaving Munich because I see that the interests of the royal house are no longer understood."

On March 31, 1848, Klemens von Waldkirch made inquiries about José Mascareñas from August von Cetto (* 1794; † 1879), Bavarian envoy in London. On April 8, 1848, Cetto replied that Bolivia would not have any diplomatic or consular representation in London. José María Linares had been appointed ambassador in London, but never arrived there. During his inquiries about José Mascareñas, Cetto met someone who claimed to know his family, who portrayed José Mascareñas as an adventurer and a swindler. His modus operandi was to act as entrusted with a program and so easily find bullfinches and get money gain.

Caricature by James Gillray: Tiddy Doll, the great French gingerbread baker, pulls a batch of freshly baked kings out of the oven, January 23, 1806

Individual evidence

1. ^ The Baron José Maria de Mascarenas, deceased. - James Pike, a creditor, intends to apply for administration of the goods of the above-named deceased, a native of Orenze, Spain, who died at Madrid, 1862, The Scrap book and magazine of American literature , 416 pp.
2. ↑ Manuel Pando Fernández de Miraflores, Memorias para escribir la historia contemporánea de los siete primeros años del reinado de Isabella II., 1844, p. 699
3. ↑ Humberto Vázquez Machicado, La Monarquía en Bolivia, Libreria Editorial “Juventud”, 1991, 114 pp., 57
4. ↑ Pedro José Domingo de Guerra ( Memento of the original from May 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
5. ^ Richard Kohnen, Press Policy of the German Confederation , Methods of State Press Policy after the Revolution of 1848 (Studies and Texts on the Social History of Literature 50). Diss. Phil. Univ. Tübingen 1995, page 147
6. ↑ The appointment of a Bavarian prince to the throne of Bolivia, Political Archive of the former Bavarian State Ministry of Foreign Affairs, No. 458 after Joachim Kühn (1892–1978) 1952–1957. Ambassador in Quito , Ludwig I of Bavaria, Wallerstein and the Crown of the Incas published in Ed .: Richard Konetzke, Hermann Kellenbenz, Yearbook for the History of State, Economy and Society of Latin America, Böhlau 4/1967, pp. 675–693.