Josef Friedrich Perkonig

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JF Perkonig's birth house on Ferlach's main square
Memorial stone in the main square Ferlach
Memorial plaque on the birth house of JF Perkonig on Ferlacher Hauptplatz
Perkonig grave in Klagenfurt's Annabichl cemetery

Josef Friedrich Perkonig (born August 3, 1890 in Ferlach ; † February 8, 1959 in Klagenfurt ) was an Austrian storyteller, playwright, author of radio and television plays, film producer, teacher, later professor at the teacher training institute in Klagenfurt and member of the Bamberg circle of poets .

Life

In 1904 he became a member of the Pennalen fraternity Normannia Klagenfurt.

Although the son of an engraver from the gunsmith town of Ferlach, who came from the Slovene ethnic group , Perkonig not only took part in the First World War , but also in the so-called Carinthian defensive battle against the southern Slavs from 1918 to 1920 . On behalf of the Carinthian Heimatbund, he collected and edited reports on the experiences of defensive fighters , which appeared in 1930 as " Kampf um Kärnten " in the Klagenfurt publishing house Artur Kollitsch. Perkonig became a primary school teacher, was active in cultural policy from 1920 to 1922 and in 1922 became a professor at the Klagenfurt Teachers Training College.

Perkonig's life and work testify to his lifelong deep connection with his Carinthian homeland. His literary work comprises around 50 works and is a testament to the beauty of the landscape, but above all to the eventful history of Carinthia and the problematic relationship between the two ethnic groups: “ In me, a small drop of Slavic blood from my ancestors on my father's side works ” or “. My mind is directed towards the German soul, but I know how to trace the Slavic soul ”. Perkonig especially the people and landscapes described the Austrian-Slovenian border region: "As a poet of the German border country, I know that I stand for my people on outposts, that I must be an intermediary between Over and Herüben." Consider his writing Do as the beginning of the independent Carinthian poetry. He is, however, above all the "poet of a whole, undivided Carinthia, who praises the secrets and beauties of Slovene in the German language" A high point is his prisoner of war novel "People like you and me" , one of the most unusual war novels of Austrian literature, which, like later in the great novel "Patrioten" from 1950, is no longer about the fate of individuals, but about the suffering of humanity. The prisoners of war are Russians, the guards are Austrians - the war is the First World War. The novel was published in 1932. The "Patriots", on the other hand, are the people in the South Carinthian battles from October to May 1919, whereby Perkonig sees patriots on both the German and Slovenian-speaking sides and evenly distributes light and shadow. Some fight to the death for the existence of their homeland, others for the fulfillment of their national wishes. The two young people, who stand for their peoples, fall in a duel, but God forgives them for the sake of others, "who will one day be born, the fathers of a peaceful sex". When it was published, the book aroused displeasure in Carinthia and Yugoslavia, for Perkonig described the intention of the book as "the need to overcome ... 'national' thinking". It seems to him "a cruel tragedy that people attach so much importance to the coincidence of language ." His novel is " a book for a new Europe, ... for an undivided world ". The novel is said to have been completed in 1943, but not passed the National Socialist censorship.

network

Perkonig, Emil Lorenz (1889 - 1962, a teacher), Johannes Lindner (1896 - 1985) and Alexander Lernet-Holenia founded the “Kärntner Kleeblatt” authors' association in the early 1920s. This circle of friends had already formed in parts during the Carinthian defensive struggle against the occupation of Carinthia by the troops of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia founded in 1918, as well as during the journalistic and propagandistic work in the run-up to the Carinthian referendum of 1920 that followed from the First Republic through the corporate state and the “Third Reich” to the Second Republic. The core was formed by the group around Perkonig, the "nationally-club-wise by far the best networked writer who lived in Carinthia."

Nazi sympathizer

While Perkonig received honors from the Austrian state ( Grand Austrian State Prize for Literature , Austrian Cross of Merit for Art and Science, 1st Class) and was institutionally active in the service of Austrofascism (1934: Member of the advisory board of the Carinthian state capital Klagenfurt, municipal council, member of the state parliament in Carinthia for science and art), “he was simultaneously involved in literary terms in the Volkish and National Socialist milieu.” Contributions by the writer were, for example, in the anthology book of poets. German Faith, German Seeing and German Feeling in Austria (1933) and included in the Handbuch des Völkisch Lebens der Ostmark (1933).

Perkonig, who at the time of Austrofascism belonged to the Kampfbund für deutsche Kultur (KfdK) from 1933 and to the NS camouflage organization Bund deutscher Writers Österreichs from 1936 , supported the " Anschluss" of Austria through propaganda. He participated, for example, with the poem “Heimkehr” in the Confession Book of Austrian Poets (published in 1938 by the Association of German Writers in Austria), which enthusiastically welcomed the “Anschluss”. In addition, the following poem by Perkönig was printed in a collection which included statements by prominent Austrian personalities on the “Anschluss” under the heading “Poets profess to return to the Reich”:

“ Greater Fatherland:
A reward for the persevering!
Late happiness to the old!
A sweet duty for the youth!
Prayer, song, thought:
Eternal Germany! "

The night from March 11th to March 12th 1938, in which Austria's Chancellor Schuschnigg resigned and which marked the beginning of the “annexation” of Austria to the National Socialist German Reich, Perkonig described in joyful memory: “And it was then that I was up the street listened out as if the dark land leaped into the stars. I almost physically felt the happiness of that evening. "

In 1939 he became regional chairman of the writers group in the Reichsschrifttumskammer (RSK) in Carinthia, before he was appointed deputy RSK regional manager in April 1941. Contrary to Perkonig's statement that he was not a member of the NSDAP , several documents indicate that he joined the party in 1934. Further documents show that he tried to join the NSDAP in 1939 and 1941.

Between 1933 and 1945 a total of 19 titles by the author appeared. From 1942/43 he wrote articles for the Donauzeitung (Belgrade), the Bozner Tagblatt (Bozen), the Deutsche Zeitung in Croatia (Zagreb), the Neue Wiener Tagblatt and the Völkischer Beobachter (Vienna edition).

Perkonig was temporarily director of Rosegger's Heimgarten, a magazine for the German house, and also published during the Nazi era . His book Das Zauberbründl. The people told in the Alps first appeared in 1942 in the Nazi Gauverlag Graz. The work Carinthia - Heimatland, Anhnenland, published by Perkonig, also went here . A book for the youth in print. In the introduction to the last chapter, Perkonig wrote, referring to ethnic-National Socialist ideologems:

“One day, German boy, German girl, you will be an adult and take your place in the German people. Whether you will then be a farmer, soldier, worker, craftsman or a trained person [...], you are nothing without your people. [...] You are very fortunate to belong to a wonderful people, you must also be worthy of them. Do not forget how many of his best people have sacrificed themselves for their people [...] - all so that their German people would become great and powerful. When it got into trouble and shame, God gave it a guide who led it back into the light. You must be devoted to him in life and death, because we owe the most wonderful fatherland to him: Greater Germany. [...] Give happiness and good for Germany and, if need be, life too! "

Although this and other texts by the author corresponded to the wishes of Nazi cultural policy, his writing work in the “ Third Reich ” was generally characterized by a change in promotion and rejection: “Again and again, one criticized his corporate state commitment through criticism of the Slovene- Slavophile tendencies in some of his texts. ”With reference to this fact, followers of Perkönig denied any Nazi involvement of the author after 1945. Perkonig himself expressed himself in a similar way in his writ of justification "My Attitude" (1947):

“The poetic works that I have created in the last twelve years contain no National Socialist ideas; they are narrative books of purely human content. In my poetry I did not take into account the prevailing zeitgeist in any way, which all books clearly attest. "

post war period

In 1946 Perkonig's Heimat in Not (1921) in Austria was added to the list of banned authors and books . In 1948 his writings were Carinthia, my life for you! (1935) and Carinthia. Heimatland, Anhnenland (1943) placed on the list of literature to be segregated in the Soviet occupation zone .

Perkonig translated and published texts by Slovenian authors. In 1954 and 1955 he took part in the second and third Pürgger Poets Week .

After his death on February 8, 1959, the Josef Friedrich Perkonig Society was founded in Klagenfurt in October 1963, which was dissolved in 2010.

Awards and honors

Works

Novels

Grave of the Styrian poet Rudolf Hans Bartsch with a funeral motto by Josef Friedrich Perkonig ( Grazer Schloßberg )
  • The silent kingdoms , (1917) Fleischel, Berlin 1918
  • Trio in Tuscany. Fleischel, Berlin 1920
  • Bergsegen , Wegweiser-Verlag, Berlin 1928
  • Live on the mountain . Adam Kraft Verlag, Karlsbad-Drahowitz, Leipzig 1935
  • Human like you and me . Speidel, Vienna-Leipzig 1932
  • Honey robbery, or St. Joseph's Hill. Langen, G. Müller, Munich 1935.
  • Nikolaus Tschinderle, robber chief . Langen, G. Müller, Munich 1936
  • Lopud, Insel der Helden , Langen, G. Müller, Munich 1938, new edition: Love song by the sea , Zsolnay, Hamburg-Vienna 1955
  • The awakening of don Juan . Amandus-Verl.ag, Vienna 1949
  • Patriots , Pustet, Graz-Salzburg-Vienna 1950
  • High school graduates . Orplid series, Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1951
  • Ev and Christopher , Neff, Vienna-Berlin-Stuttgart 1952

Novellas, short stories, short prose, essays, translations from Slovenian

  • Edition: Selected works, 8 volumes, Heyn, Klagenfurt 1965–68.
  • Trio in minor. Three stories . Field library of the kuk 10th Army 22, publishing house of the war newspaper of the kuk 10th Army, Villach 1918
  • Maria am Rain . Novellas. Fleischel, Berlin 1919
  • Love, sorrow and death. Novellas. Kleinmayr, Klagenfurt 1923
  • Schubert, Hendl and the pear tree. Schubert novella. Musical novels 1. Leipzig 1925
  • Siebenruh . Novella. Reclams Universal Library 6536, Leipzig 192
  • Village on the field. Rural Novellas . Beck Munich 1926
  • Ingrid Pan . Novella. Speidel, Vienna, Leipzig 1928
  • The Gusla player. Narrative. Universal Library 7305, Leipzig 1935
  • The Schinderhannes moves across the mountains. The little library. 41, Langen, G. Müller, Munich 1934
  • The Capricorn . The German mountain library. 3 Styria, Graz, Leipzig, Vienna 1935
  • The fishermen. Wiener Bücherei 7, Frick, Vienna 1940
  • The journey to the sources . Münchner Lesebogen 50, Münchner Buchverlag, Munich 1941
  • The enchanted mountains. The people in the Alps tell. - Tyrolia, Innsbruck, Vienna, Munich 1937
  • The Zauberbründl. The people in the Alps tell. NS-Gauverlag, Graz 1942.
  • Happiness in the Beauregard household . Narrative. Row south-east 2.11, Luser, Vienna, Leipzig 1939
  • Rural life. Die kleine Bücherei 140, Langen, G. Müller, Munich 1942
  • Sunday children. Stories from the Carinthian Mark. Self-published, Klagenfurt no year.
  • The diary of the teacher Peter Blum. Stories, Haßold, Laibach o. J.
  • Happy summer. Kaiser, Klagenfurt 1947
  • Light brother, dark sister . Publishers Scientia, Nauck, Gallus, Zurich, Berlin, Vienna 1951
  • A loaf of bread, a jug of milk. Rural Novellas. Zsolnay, Hamburg, Vienna 1960

Local history

  • Home in need. Experiences and reports about the fate of a Carinthian valley . Kleinmayr, Klagenfurt 1921
  • Carinthia . Deutsches Südland Vol. 1, 1–4. Special issue. Klagenfurt 1921
  • Visitation. Tragedy in Carinthia in 2 acts. Deutsche Hausbücherei 92, Austria. School books publisher, Vienna 1923
  • Carinthia, a home book , Klagenfurt, 1925
  • Landscape around the Wörthersee. Artur Kollitsch, Klagenfurt 1925
  • Carinthia. Heimatbuch Brandstetter Heimatbooks deutscher Landschaft 18, Brandstetter, Leipzig 1925
  • Carinthia. Landscape, people, culture. Kärntner Verkehrszeitung 5, Klagenfurt 1928
  • The people arise. How Carinthia struggled for its freedom. Austrian Library 7. Vienna 1925
  • Battle for Carinthia. Artur Kollitsch, Klagenfurt 1930
  • Carinthia, my life for you! Reports from the Carinthian freedom struggle of 1919 and 1920 . The border messenger series. Border & Abroad Publishing House, Berlin & Stuttgart 1935
  • My heart is in the highlands. Leykam, Graz-Vienna-Leipzig 1937
  • Carinthia, German south . Leykam, Graz 1935
  • (Ed.): Deutsche Ostmark. 10 poets and 100 pictures praise Austria. Leykam, Graz 1936; 3rd edition as: Alpenland - Donauland Leykam, Graz 1943
  • Carinthia, sunny mountain country , 5th edition Graz, 1947 [with 128 images on 64 plates in gravure printing, 4th edition 1943 under d 1936, §. Edition: em title Carinthia, German South ]
  • Carinthia, home country, ancestral country. A book for the youth. Leykam Graz 1943
  • The happiness of rural life . Wancura, Vienna-Stuttgart 1953

Autobiography

  • In the morning light. Childhood memories. Amandus-Ed., Vienna 1948

literature

  • Hans Brunmayr: The seal of Carinthia , hs. Diss. Univ. Vienna 1935.
  • Roland Heger: The Austrian novel of the 20th century , 2 vols., Braumüller, Vienna-Stuttgart undated (1971).
  • German Literature Lexicon, founded by Wilhelm Kosch, Volume 11, Column 1045 at Francke Verlag Bern 1988, ISBN 3-317-01646-9 .
  • Erich Nussbaumer: Spiritual Carinthia , Kleinmayr, Klagenfurt no year (1956).
  • Erich Nussbaumer: JFPerkonig -Life, Work, Legacy . = Johann Friedrich Perkonig, Selected Works, Vol. 1, Heyn, Klagenfurt 1965.
  • Helga Lorenz-Andreasch: An example of German-Slovenian cultural relations in Carinthia. JF Perkonig and the Slovenes - a crime scene . Germ. Diploma thesis, Univ. Klagenfurt 1982. [Masch.].
  • Karin Gradwohl-Schlacher: Josef Friedrich Perkonig and Hans Steinacher . Two careers from the Carinthian defensive struggle to the Third Reich. In: History of Austrian-Slovenian literary relations, ed. by A. Brandtner and W. Michler, Vienna 1998, 331–344.
  • Karin Gradwohl-Schlacher: "Perkonig, Josef Friedrich". In: Uwe Baur u. Karin Gradwohl-Schlacher (ed.): Literature in Austria 1938-1945. Manual of a literary system. Vol. 2. Carinthia . Vienna: Böhlau 2011, pp. 184–199.
  • Christoph Penning: Josef Friedrich Perkonig - the ambivalent Carinthian . In: Rolf Düsterberg (Ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Volume 4. Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology . Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2018, pp. 299–329.

Web links

Commons : Josef Friedrich Perkonig  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Leo Besser u. Horst Grimm: The corporations .
  2. ↑ Erich Nussbaumer, Geistiges Kärnten, Klagenfurt o. J. (1956), p. 457.
  3. ↑ Perkonig, seen myself in the mirror. Introduction to: The Schinderhannes moves over the mountains, Graz 1950, p. 5 f.
  4. ↑ Quoted from Nussbaumer, p. 458.
  5. ↑ Nussbaumer, p. 456, and p. 603 with references to: Berta Sorger-Sikora, Hans Brunmayr, Max Rumpold, Max Pirker, Harald Haselbach, Walter Medweth.
  6. ↑ Nussbaumer, p. 476 f.
  7. ↑ Roland Heger, The Austrian Roman of the 20th Century, Vol. 2, Stuttgart undated (1971), p. 173.
  8. ↑ Hans Brunmayr: The seal of Carinthia , Diss. Vienna 1935, p. 112 ff.
  9. ↑ Nussbaumer, p. 475.
  10. ↑ Heger, 2nd volume, p. 176.
  11. ↑ Erich Nussbaumer: JF Perkonig, life, work, legacy . Perkonig, Selected Works , Vol. 1, p. 342.
  12. ↑ Selected Works, Vol. 1, p. 342.
  13. ↑ Heger, 2nd volume, p. 176.
  14. ^ Uwe Baur, Karin Gradwohl-Schlacher: Literature in Austria 1933 - 1945. Handbook of a literary system. Volume 2: Carinthia. Böhlau, Vienna 2011, p. 37
  15. ↑ Christoph Penning: Josef Friedrich Perkonig - the ambivalent Carinthian . In: Rolf Düsterberg (Ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Volume 4. Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology . Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2018, pp. 306–309.
  16. ↑ a b c Christoph Penning: Josef Friedrich Perkonig - the ambivalent Carinthian . In: Rolf Düsterberg (Ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Volume 4. Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology . Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2018, p. 318.
  17. ^ A b Ernst Klee : The cultural lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-10-039326-5 , p. 453.
  18. ↑ Christoph Penning: Josef Friedrich Perkonig - the ambivalent Carinthian . In: Rolf Düsterberg (Ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Volume 4. Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology . Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2018, p. 304.
  19. ^ The propaganda preparation of the referendum.
  20. ^ Association of German Writers Austria (ed.): Confession Book of Austrian Poets , Krystall Verlag, Vienna 1938.
  21. ↑ Christoph Penning: Josef Friedrich Perkonig - the ambivalent Carinthian . In: Rolf Düsterberg (Ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Volume 4. Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology . Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2018, p. 313.
  22. ↑ doew.at. ( Memento of the original from January 18, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / doewweb01.doew.at
  23. ^ Josef Friedrich Perkonig: "Third". Tage (1938), pp. 147f. Quoted in Penning (2018), p. 312.
  24. ↑ a b Christoph Penning: Josef Friedrich Perkonig - the ambivalent Carinthian . In: Rolf Düsterberg (Ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Volume 4. Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology . Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2018, p. 316.
  25. ↑ Christoph Penning: Josef Friedrich Perkonig - the ambivalent Carinthian . In: Rolf Düsterberg (Ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Volume 4. Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology . Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2018, p. 314f.
  26. ^ Search in the catalog 1930–1991 of the Austrian National Library. ( Memento of the original from August 18, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.onb.ac.at
  27. ^ Josef Friedrich Perkonig: Carinthia - home country, ancestral country. A book for the youth. Graz: NS-Gauverlag und Druckerei 1942, p. 319. Quoted in Penning (2018), p. 321.
  28. ↑ Christoph Penning: Josef Friedrich Perkonig - the ambivalent Carinthian . In: Rolf Düsterberg (Ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Volume 4. Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology . Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2018, p. 322.
  29. ↑ Christoph Penning: Josef Friedrich Perkonig - the ambivalent Carinthian . In: Rolf Düsterberg (Ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Volume 4. Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology . Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2018, p. 322ff.
  30. ↑ Josef Friedrich Perkonig: “My attitude” (1947), p. 21. Quoted from Penning (2018), p. 322.
  31. ^ Austrian Federal Ministry for Education (ed.) (1946). List of blocked authors and books. Relevant for bookshops and libraries . Vienna: Ueberreuter. P. 44.
  32. ↑ German Administration for National Education in the Soviet Zone of Occupation, List of the literature to be sorted out, 2nd supplement, Deutscher Zentralverlag, Berlin 1948.
  33. ↑ Karin Gradwohl-Schlacher: "Perkonig, Josef Friedrich". In: Uwe Baur u. Karin Gradwohl-Schlacher (ed.): Literature in Austria 1938-1945. Manual of a literary system. Vol. 2. Carinthia . Vienna: Böhlau 2011, pp. 186, 194.
  34. ↑ Christoph Penning: Josef Friedrich Perkonig - the ambivalent Carinthian . In: Rolf Düsterberg (Ed.): Poets for the "Third Reich". Volume 4. Biographical studies on the relationship between literature and ideology . Bielefeld: Aisthesis 2018, p. 324.
personal data
SURNAME Perkonig, Josef Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian author, storyteller and playwright
DATE OF BIRTH August 3, 1890
PLACE OF BIRTH Ferlach
DATE OF DEATH February 8, 1959
Place of death Klagenfurt