Hans Steinacher

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Hans Steinacher (born May 22, 1892 in Bleiberg-Kreuth in Carinthia ; † January 10, 1971 in Miklauzhof, Sittersdorf ) was a German national folk politician who was a leader in the Carinthian defensive struggle and as a protagonist of the Carinthian Homeland Service as well as an intellectual engine in numerous border country votes German school association "Südmark" as well as mainly at the head of the Volksbund for Germanness Abroad (VDA) based in Berlin. His own representations ( "I am registered for the party in Austria since 1933" ), his connections in Berlin, from which one Friedrich Rainer also benefited, and opposing representations (e.g. "And another war criminal in freedom" ) bore him Reputation as an important and influential National Socialist .

Live and act

The son of a miner and later hat man of the Bleiberger Bergwerk-Union , an amalgamation of 6 large and 80 small trades in Carinthia, grew up in a traditionally Greater German setting and received a scholarship to attend the Protestant teachers' seminar founded in 1867 in the over 80 % German language island Bielitz in Austrian Silesia , where Professor Karl Volkmar Stoy from Heidelberg taught Herbart's pedagogy for the first time in Austria and where teachers from the entire Austrian monarchy from Carinthia to Bukowina were trained. As a member of the unapproved Pan-German fraternity “Gothia”, whose motto was “Without Juda, without Rome, Germania's throne is built”, he came to the “recognition of the peculiarity of German folk compared to other peoples”, which he also incorporated The "unmistakable feeling of superiority of the Germans" gave rise to and developed into "a loyal and self-sacrificing patriot of his German nationality". As a teacher, he then began his struggle against the "threatening corruption" in South Tyrol , because for him the struggle for nationality meant "defense against the 'destructive' work of the Slavs and the Romans".

In 1914 Steinacher volunteered for the kuk Infantry Regiment No. 7 Graf von Khevenhüller, was soon promoted to lieutenant and in 1917 to first lieutenant and received the "Golden Medal for Bravery" .

After the First World War

After the end of the war, the folk fighter initially devoted himself to his Carinthian homeland, which threatened to lose territory. On his initiative, the regional agitation management LAL was founded in 1919, which was affiliated to the National Political Committee of the Carinthian regional assembly. As one of the “leading fighters for Carinthia's freedom” and as the “intellectual engine” for the preparation and implementation of the Carinthian referendum, he gained fame as the “great son of Carinthia”, but his fight was less a fight for Carinthia than a fight for that German language:

It has always been an irrefutable matter of course for me to lead the referendum battle not about annexation to Austria but about the greater German future.

After the successful vote in Carinthia, Steinacher was involved in a number of other votes in the wake of the peace treaties on future territorial membership - Upper Silesia (1921), Tyrol's annexation to the German Reich (1921), West Hungary / Ödenburg (1921) - and acted against the Ruhr in 1923 Franco-Belgian occupation of the Ruhr and against the creation of a Rhenish republic based on France .

From 1922 Steinacher was enrolled at the University of Frankfurt am Main in addition to his borderland activities and was awarded a doctorate in 1925 after completing a six-semester degree in political science and economics on the basis of his dissertation on the subject of "Economics and referendums". rer. pole. PhD. After brief management of the German school association "Südmark" in Vienna, he worked in Frankfurt until 1930 as a border area advisor in the rank of ministerial advisor to the Prussian Ministry of the Interior, as an economic advisor to German ethnic groups, as a contact person for the Austrian affiliation movement , but also for a semi-official foundation, the German ethnic groups abroad offered financial and agitational support. In 1930 he was transferred to the Foreign Ministry and entrusted with the management of the central office for German foreign libraries in Berlin. In 1931 he became the youngest board member of the VDA, the Volksbund für das Deutschtum Abroad, and in April 1933 formally became its deputy chairman, but in fact already the director, as which he also appeared publicly shortly afterwards. According to contemporary sources, the takeover of federal management is said to have taken place “completely illegally”.

National Socialism

In May 1933 Steinacher, who referred to himself as the "Reichsführer" until 1934, introduced the racial principle in the VDA, according to which only "people of German origin" were allowed to become members; In the same summer the Hitler salute was declared an official VDA salute.

From 1933, VDA federal manager Hans Steinacher was responsible for coordinating ethnic Germans. Steinacher is said to have been in contact with active opponents of Rhenish separatism in 1923/24, according to the Vossische Zeitung . He also achieved the establishment of the Northeast German Research Association and the collaboration with the three already existing national political working groups, the Alpine, the Rhenish and the Vienna Southeast German. All areas in which Germans lived, from the Rhineland and Western Switzerland to Czech, Hungarian and Croatian areas and all the way to the Memelland should be scientifically supervised. A " front-line war for the preservation of nature and soil " is required.

Miklauzhof

In Carinthia, Steinacher made great efforts to establish the local German national camp of the Landbund , the Greater German People's Party and the national associations such as the Carinthian Heimatbund or the military gymnasts of the German Gymnastics Union , to which he also acquired his Miklauzhof property in 1929 as a "German bastion" in the Carinthian Unterland Made available to swear to the line of Nazi Austria policy. Austria is not viable in the long run and must be annexed to Germany. “Unity in the German nationality is our determination for the future.” Soon, wide circles were of the opinion that Steinacher should take over the leadership of the NSDAP in Austria.

As chairman of the VDA, which saw itself as a party independent and nominally apolitical, established solely for cultural and social responsibilities club, Steinacher came however increasingly into conflict with tips of the Party and the SS, first by his loudly expressed considering how Mussolini to cede South Tyrol could move to the German Reich and then by rejecting any resettlement, which disavowed Hitler's German policy on Italy.

The concept of the people, which Steinacher (like Max Hildebert Boehm , the head of the Institute for Border and Foreign Studies, which was close to the VDA) represented, presupposed that the heartland was not necessarily identical with the borders of the area in which German nationals settled - on the contrary, it emphasized the federal character of the newly organized area of Central Europe , whereby this conception of “people” and its sphere of activity differed in decisive points from the NS conception of a national community .

Regarding his folk "continued activity" in South Tyrol , Mussolini is said to have personally described Steinacher's removal as "desirable" during a state visit to Berlin in October 1933, as Hermann Göring said, but in Steinacher's opinion this was not the truth and only referred to it as a pretext. Although the VDA under Steinacher's leadership repeatedly cooperated with Nazi organizations such as the Hitler Youth , the Reichswehr or the Nazi Teachers' Association , Steinacher said he experienced various harassments from the party as a result of his resistance to paternalism or even a takeover of the VDA by the party SS including travel bans and arrests in Leipzig and Regensburg, for example, was apostrophized by Ernst Wilhelm Bohle , the "Gauleiter" of the NSDAP foreign organization , which functioned as the 43rd Gau, as "Public Enemy No. 1" during a party congress and felt himself doing his job so much handicapped and put under pressure that he was finally forced to give up the leadership of the VDA “by illegal intervention by the Führer’s deputy on October 21, 1937 and by the ultimate threat to a concentration camp”. This was the point in time when his militant "advance into enemy territory", which, however, was always intended to "only extend to the ethnic border", had become obsolete due to Hitler's imperialist concept of living space . Now there was no longer any room for ethnic conservatives like Steinacher, for whom “German” did not automatically mean “National Socialist”.

Steinacher was called up as first lieutenant in the Mountain Infantry Regiment No. 137, came to the Arctic Ocean and advanced to lieutenant colonel. In 1945 he was captured by the British and was released in 1946.

New beginning

Steinacher returned to political life in a period of denazifications , indictments, convictions and acquittals, but also the absorption of so-called " alumni " by almost all of Austria's democratic parties.

The establishment of the Carinthian regional association of the VdU (“Association of Independents”) as a “third camp” next to “Red” and “Black” - “almost a high treason against Austria and freedom” according to a Viennese ÖVP politician - were also part of the talks former Carinthian Landbündler , but Steinacher, who may have felt ignored, had already sided with the ÖVP as a national policy advisor, which was anxious to win through him the members of the "Federation of South Carinthians Loyal to Home", an organization of Carinthians of Slovene origin, who, as " Windische ", were particularly committed to Germanness.

In 1949, the Carinthian ÖVP and the newly formed VdU (which had appeared as a fourth campaigning party as “WdU”), which together had achieved a “bourgeois” majority in the Carinthian state parliament, agreed to elect Steinacher as governor , but as a result more extensive Coalition agreements between the two major parties ÖVP and SPÖ at federal level, which affected the governor and mayor positions in communities with more than 10,000 inhabitants due to the “principles of 'proportionality' and the resulting cooperation between the ÖVP and the SPÖ” the socialist Ferdinand Wedenig was also elected governor with the most ÖVP votes.

Although he had publicly stated in the party newspaper of the ÖVP: "I have never been black, I have been a Protestant Carinthian since time immemorial", that is, he was never close to the clerical Christian Socialists , Steinacher joined the leadership in April 1949 in the same year Junge Front , founded in Salzburg , which had officially decided to work with the People's Party with the "returnees, aid and care offices" of the Knight's Cross winner Ernst "Graf" Strachwitz , into the ÖVP, which is the successor to the Christian Social Party of the 1st The Republic understood, and in 1952 even became its Carinthian deputy party chairman. In their election campaigns of 1949 and 1953, he continued to openly and clearly proclaimed the folkish content that he had always represented, declared the peasantry to be the “strongest wall against the threatening danger in the East”, accused the SPÖ of “failing to understand völkischer protective tasks” before and in the school issue of having committed an “attack against parental rights and natural law ” with bilingual lessons .

On the one hand, Steinacher, who in 1953 was ranked fourth on the ÖVP list of candidates for the National Council of Carinthia as an “offer to the alumni”, embodied the ÖVP's integration policy towards the “alumni”, as the FPÖ predecessor had a serious one in the bourgeois camp Competition had grown, on the other hand one could not lose the Christian-social electorate. So the ÖVP party press washed the defensive fighter Steinacher from any “brown” past: “That his work really served the understanding and peace is best demonstrated by the fact that Steinacher was already named a winner of the Nobel Peace Prize , as a coup d'état the rulers of the Third Reich felled him. " Steinacher sentences such as " Due to the historical feat of the Führer and Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler on March 13, 1938, Carinthia is now back in the German Reich and, as the southern German region, its inseparable part. "

The ÖVP achieved only three national council mandates in Carinthia , whereupon Steinacher was employed as the Austrian consul general in Milan until 1958 , whereby the South Tyrolean People's Party expected him to “look after the popular development work in South Tyrol” from there.

Afterwards he lived on his estate in Miklauzhof on a very modest pension due to his short Austrian working hours, before he was granted a special pension by the Carinthian provincial government shortly before his death.

Aftermath

At the inauguration of the Steinacher memorial in Völkermarkt on May 2, 1976, the local priest said: “Hans Steinacher lives on in our hearts as the> Andreas Hofer <of our Carinthian homeland!” The memorial was blown up by unknown perpetrators in mid-June, which was an aftermath The tower of the town signs in October 1972 triggered a violent and polemical argument between Governor Leopold Wagner, who was in office from 1974, and the spokesmen for the Slovenian organizations. To commemorate Steinacher's 100th birthday, Adam Wandruszka described Steinacher as a “well-deserved opponent of Hitler”.

NSDAP membership

To this day it is not clear whether Steinacher was ever formally a member of the NSDAP.

  • The Austrian envoy in Switzerland forwarded a dossier to the Federal Chancellery on November 13, 1935, in which it was stated that Steinacher had become a member of the party in 1925, was organizing the smuggling of bombs in Austria, had been providing the party with funds since 1935 and had been helping to enforce youth and sports clubs National Socialists.
  • On May 24, 1938, Steinacher filled out the “ personal questionnaire on the application form for issuing a provisional membership card and determining membership in Austria ” and brought it to the Miklauzhof branch, his second home. In it he stated on the question of joining the NSDAP for the first time: “May 1933 report by Pg. Maier-Kaibitsch and König in Klagenfurt.” His membership fees had been paid in the form of “a general service” by the Carinthian Heimatbund. In the rubric: “In which division of the NSDAP did you work?” He wrote: “Registered with SS in Carinthia in 1934” However, the Sittersdorf local group leader reported that Steinacher had “no residence” in Miklauzhof and that “nothing was done for the NSDAP known ".
  • In February 1939 Steinacher again filled out a “ personnel questionnaire on the application form for admission to the National Socialist German Workers' Party” at the responsible local group in Berlin-Zehlendorf and stated again that he had been registered with the party in Carinthia since 1933. He also filled out the “ application for the issuance of a provisional membership card ” from Bureaucratic pedantry delayed the process for a long time.
  • On May 1, 1940, he was accepted into the NSDAP local group in Berlin-Zehlendorf under membership number 7,753,917 . The message was sent to him at the front.

Nevertheless, in 1949 the public prosecutor in Klagenfurt dropped a fraud charge for not registering for the National Socialists due to the decision of the office of the Carinthian state government Zl. 503 / NS / 49: Steinacher never applied for admission to the NSDAP, never made an application , had never come into possession of a membership card or a party book, had received notification of his membership on the Murmanskfront and had lodged a written objection to the NSDAP Reich leadership.

Publications

  • Victory on German night: a book from the Carinthian freedom struggle . Wiener Verlag, Vienna 1943.
  • In Carinthia's struggle for freedom. My memories of Carinthia's struggle for freedom and unity in the defensive battles of 1918/19 and the referendum in 1920. 2nd edition. Heyn, Klagenfurt 1976, ISBN 3-85366-220-X .
  • Upper Silesia. (= Pocket book of German border and foreign countries. 19). Deutscher Schutzbund Verlag E. Runge, Berlin-Lichterfelde 1927.
  • Volksdeutscher activism. In: German work. Issue 7 (1932), pp. 169-173.
  • New ways. In: Free voice. July 7, 1933.
  • Goals and organization of the German movement 1918–1933. Abstract of the presentations by H. Steinacher and MH Boehme at the working conference of the Volkstumsarchiv in Lüneburg on September 10th and 11th, 1959. Lüneburg 1960.
  • German folklore, German living space . Leader's Letters for Political Education, 4th letter. Hanseatische Verlags-Anstalt, Hamburg 1934.
  • Speech at the Saarbrücken Whitsun Conference of the VDA, given in Mainz on May 19, 1934. VDA commercial enterprise, Berlin 1934.
  • Ethnicity across the border. State and people, citizens and comrades. (= Row: We in our time ). Franckh, Stuttgart 1934.
  • FX Holder (pseudonym): That Carinthia remains one and free. Kollitsch, Klagenfurt 1960.
  • Hans-Adolf Jacobsen (Ed.): Hans Steinacher, Federal Director of the VDA 1933–1937. Memories and documents . (= Publications of the Federal Archives. Volume 19). Boldt, Boppard am Rhein 1970, ISBN 3-7646-1545-1 .

literature

  • Alfred Elste: Carinthia's brown elite. 2nd Edition. Hermagoras, Klagenfurt / Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-85013-476-8 .
  • Alfred Elste, Dirk Hänisch, Anton Pelinka: On the way to power. Contributions to the NSDAP in Carinthia from 1918–1938. (= Comparative history of society and the history of political ideas in modern times. Volume 8). Braumüller, Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-7003-1153-2 .
  • Jürgen Elvert: Central Europe! German plans for a European reorganization (1918–1945). (= Historical communications .: Supplement 35). Habilitation thesis . Univ. Kiel, 1996. Steiner, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-515-07641-7 .
  • Ingo Haar : Historian under National Socialism. German history and the "Volkstumskampf" in the east (= critical studies on history . Volume 143). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2000, ISBN 3-525-35942-X .
  • Lothar Höbelt: From the fourth party to the third force. History of the VdU. Stocker, Graz 1999, ISBN 3-7020-0866-7 .
  • Klub slovenskih študentov v Gradcu (ed.): Dossier Carinthia: Reprint from "Neues Forum", Oct. 1972. Content : Michael Springer: Local inspection. Michael Siegert: The marginal Germans; Karl Stuhlpfarrer: Germanization in Carinthia ; Hanns Haas: Carinthian defensive struggle - a falsification of history. Graz undated , OCLC 450340569 .
  • Siegmund Knaus: A great son of Carinthia: Dr. Hans Steinacher. Self-published by Siegmund Knaus, Pörtschach a. W. 1962.
  • Knut Lehmann-Horn: The Carinthian FPÖ 1955–1983. From the Association of Independents (VdU) to the rise of Jörg Haider to state party chairman. Carinthia University Press, Klagenfurt 1992, ISBN 3-85378-397-X .
  • Wolfram Mallebrein: Hans Steinacher. A fighter for freedom and self-determination. A biography. Heyn, Klagenfurt 1980, ISBN 3-85366-346-X , p. 21.
  • Bruce F. Pauley: The Road to National Socialism. Origins and development in Austria. Austrian Bundesverlag, Vienna 1988, ISBN 3-215-06875-3 .
  • Manfried Rauchsteiner: The two. The grand coalition in Austria 1945–1966. Österreichischer Bundesverlag, Vienna 1987, ISBN 3-215-06433-2 .
  • Michael Siegert: The marginal Germans. Using the example of Hans Steinacher, the founder of the Carinthian Homeland Service. In: New forum. 12/1972, pp. 35-38.
  • Hellwig Valentin: The special case. Carinthian contemporary history 1818–2004 . Hermagoras, Klagenfurt 2005, ISBN 3-7086-0108-4 .
  • August Walzl: "As the first district ...". Developments and structures of National Socialism in Carinthia . Carinthia University Press, Klagenfurt 1992, ISBN 3-85378-388-0 .
  • August Walzl: Coping. Post-war years in Carinthia and Friuli. Kärntner Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Klagenfurt 1999, ISBN 3-85391-161-7 .
  • Maurice Williams: Gau, Volk and Reich. Friedrich Rainer and the Austrian National Socialism. German adaptation by Ulrich Burz and Claudia Fräss-Ehrfeld (= archive for patriotic history and topography. Volume 90). Verlag des Geschichtsverein für Kärnten, Klagenfurt 2005, ISBN 3-85454-106-6 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Letter from Steinacher “Zur Lage des VDA”, end of October 1936. From the estate of Karl Haushofer , printed by: Hans-Adolf Jacobsen: Hans Steinacher, Federal Director of the VDA 1933–1937 . Boppard 1970, pp. 372–379, here p. 376. Jacobsen comments: “However, Steinacher was never a member of the NSDAP. See the documents in the Document Center, Berlin ”, ibid., P. 376, note 2
  2. ↑ Maurice Williams: Gau, Volk and Reich. Friedrich Rainer and the Austrian National Socialism. German version by Ulrich Burz and Claudia Fräss-Ehrfeld (= Archive for Patriotic History and Topography Volume 90) Verlag des Geschichtsverein für Kärnten, Klagenfurt 2005, p. 74.
  3. ↑ Volksstimme. Organ of the KPÖ Carinthia, v. July 11, 1947, quoted from August Walzl: Coping. Post-war years in Carinthia and Friuli. Kärntner Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Klagenfurt 1999, p. 228f., Note 81, and p. 236.
  4. ^ Alfred Elste: Carinthia's brown elite. 2nd Edition. Hermagoras, Klagenfurt / Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-85013-476-8 , p. 152 f., Note 657.
  5. ↑ Karin Gradwohl-Schlacher:  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Josef Friedrich Perkonig and Hans Steinacher. Two careers from the Carinthian referendum to the Third Reich. P. 3, and note 13@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.uni-graz.at  
  6. ^ Ingo Haar : Historians in National Socialism. German history and the "Volkstumskampf" in the east. (= Critical Studies in History . Volume 143). Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, Göttingen 2000, ISBN 3-525-35942-X , p. 150 f.
  7. ^ Hans-Adolf Jacobsen: Hans Steinacher. Federal director of the VDA 1933–1937. P. XIII, quoted from Alfred Elste: Carinthia's brown elite. P. 157.
  8. ^ Wolfram Mallebrein: Hans Steinacher. A fighter for freedom and self-determination. A biography. Heyn, Klagenfurt 1980, ISBN 3-85366-346-X , p. 21.
  9. ^ Hans-Adolf Jacobsen: Hans Steinacher, Federal Director of the VDA 1933–1937. Memories and documents. Writings of the Federal Archives Volume 19, Boldt, Boppard am Rhein 1970 p. XIV, quoted from Alfred Elste: Carinthia's brown elite. P. 157.
  10. ^ Hans Steinacher: In Carinthia's struggle for freedom. My memories of Carinthia's struggle for freedom and unity in the defensive struggles of 1918/19 and the referendum in 1920. Heyn, Klagenfurt 1970, p. 15.
  11. ^ In: History Association for Carinthia (ed.): Carinthia I., Volume 185, Johann Leon, Klagenfurt 1995, p. 511.
  12. ^ Siegmund Knaus: A great son of Carinthia. Dr. Hans Steinacher. Self-published by Siegmund Knaus, Pörtschach 1962.
  13. ^ Hans Steinacher: Victory in German Night: A book from the Carinthian freedom struggle. Wiener Verlag, Vienna 1943, p. 317.
  14. ^ Alfred Elste: Carinthia's brown elite. P. 159.
  15. ↑ Frank Elste: Carinthia's brown elite. P. 160, note 702
  16. ↑ Frank Elste: Carinthia's brown elite. P. 162.
  17. ↑ Wolfgang Freund: People, Reich and Western Frontier: German Studies and Politics in the Palatinate, Saarland and annexed Lorraine 1925–1945 . (= Publications of the Commission for Saarland State History and Folk Research. Published by the Commission for Saarland State History and Folk Research, Volume 39 SDV, Saarländische Druckerei und Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-939150-00-2 , p. 66)
  18. ^ Fighters for German Volkstum, leaders in border and foreign countries: Peter Steinacher. In: Vossische Zeitung No. 150 v. Chr. April 4, 1933, http://zefys.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/index.php?id=dfg-viewer&set%5Bimage%5D=4&set%5Bzoom%5D=default&set%5Bdebug%5D=0&set%5Bdouble%5D=0&set % 5Bmets% 5D = http% 3A% 2F% 2Fcontent.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de% 2Fzefys% 2FSNP27112366-19330404-0-0-0-0.xml
  19. ^ Ingo Haar: Historians in National Socialism. P. 153.
  20. ↑ Michael Fahlbusch : Science in the Service of National Socialist Politics? The "Volksdeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaften" from 1931–1945. Nomos, Baden-Baden 1999, ISBN 3-7890-5770-3 , p. 108.
  21. ^ Karl Stuhlpfarrer: German national politics in Carinthia after the referendum. In: Helmut Rumpler (ed.): Carinthia's referendum 1920 . Kärntner Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Klagenfurt 1981, ISBN 3-85391-027-0 , p. 333 f.
  22. ↑ Frank Elste: Carinthia's brown elite. P. 165.
  23. ↑ Jürgen Evert: Central Europe! P. 234.
  24. ↑ Hans-Adolf Jacobsen: Hans Steinacher, Federal Head of the VDA 1933–1937 , p. 412, quoted from Alfred Elste: Kärntens brown Elite, p. 167.
  25. ↑ Hans Steinacher's report to the Völkermarkt district authority of May 10, 1948, quoted from August Walzl: "As the first district ...". Developments and structures of National Socialism in Carinthia . Carinthia University Press, Klagenfurt 1992, pp. 215f. u. 352
  26. ^ Alfred Elste: Carinthia's brown elite. P. 161.
  27. ↑ Michael Siegert: Die Randdeutsche. Using the example of Hans Steinacher, the founder of the Carinthian Homeland Service. In: New forum. 12/1972, p. 36.
  28. ^ Lois Weinberger (Vice Mayor of Vienna): Facts, encounters and conversations . Vienna 1949, p. 274, quoted from Knut Lehmann-Horn: Die Kärntner FPÖ 1955–1983. From the Association of Independents (VdU) to the rise of Jörg Haider to state party chairman . Universitätsverlag Carinthia, Klagenfurt 1992, p. 40 and p. 235, ISBN 3-85378-397-X .
  29. ↑ Lothar Höbelt: From the fourth party to the third force. History of the VdU. Stocker, Graz 1999, ISBN 3-7020-0866-7 , pp. 57 and 266.
  30. ^ Knut Lehmann-Horn: The Carinthian FPÖ 1955-1983. P. 44.
  31. ^ Knut Lehmann-Horn: The Carinthian FPÖ 1955-1983. Pp. 55 and 242.
  32. ↑ Hellwig Valentin: The special case. Carinthian contemporary history 1818–2004. Hermagoras, Klagenfurt 2005, ISBN 3-7086-0108-4 , p. 183 as well as
    Knut Lehmann-Horn: Die Kärntner FPÖ 1955–1983. P. 60.
  33. ↑ Manfried Rauchsteiner: The two. The grand coalition in Austria 1945–1966 . Österreichischer Bundesverlag, Vienna 1987, ISBN 3-215-06433-2 , p. 541.
  34. ↑ People's newspaper Klagenfurt v. October 4, 1949, quoted from Knut Lehmann-Horn: Die Kärntner FPÖ 1955–1983. Pp. 56 and 243
  35. ↑ The count is forbidden . In: Der Spiegel. 36/1950 BC September 6, 1950.
  36. ^ Knut Lehmann-Horn: The Carinthian FPÖ 1955-1983. P. 40.
  37. ^ Alfred Elste: Carinthia's brown elite. P. 169 ff.
  38. ^ Alfred Elste: Carinthia's brown elite. P. 170.
  39. ↑ Hellwig Valentin: The special case. P. 170.
  40. ↑ People's newspaper Klagenfurt v. February 13, 1953, p. 3, quoted from Alfred Elste: Carinthia's brown elite. P. 171.
  41. ↑ Hans Steinacher: Victory in German Night. P. 7, quoted from Frank Elste: Carinthia's brown elite. P. 150.
  42. ^ Hans-Adolf Jacobsen: Hans Steinacher, Federal Director of the VDA 1933–1937 p. XXIX, quoted from Alfred Elste: Carinthia's brown elite. P. 171.
  43. ↑ Personenlexikon.net
  44. ↑ Hellwig Valentin: The special case. P. 211.
  45. ↑ Neue Kronen Zeitung v. July 21, 1992, quoted from Frank Elste: Carinthia's brown elite. P. 151, note 646
  46. ↑ Austrian State Archives-CoR, NPA, Kt. 449, Liasse Personalia, Zl. 39.772-13 / 35. Details from Frank Elste: Carinthia's brown elite , p. 155.
  47. ↑ Frank Elste: Carinthia's brown elite. P. 153 with note 659 - 663
  48. ↑ Frank Elste: Carinthia's brown elite p. 156.
  49. ↑ BDC personal files quoted from Frank Elste: Carinthia's brown elite. P. 154, and note.
  50. ^ Elste: Carinthia's brown elite. P. 152 f., Note 657
personal data
SURNAME Steinacher, Hans
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Carinthian defender, German national folk politician
DATE OF BIRTH May 22, 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH Bad Bleiberg
DATE OF DEATH January 10, 1971
Place of death Sittersdorf