Josef Jungmann

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Josef Jungmann

Josef Jungmann (born July 16, 1773 in Hudlitz near Beraun , † November 14, 1847 in Prague ) was a Czech linguist and a leading figure in the Czech National Revival in the 19th century.

Life

Jungmann was the sixth child of a cobbler and was originally supposed to be a priest. After going to school at Piaristengymnasium in Beroun ( Beroun ) and at the Old Town School in Prague (1788-1792) he studied philosophy and law, from 1799 he was a teacher at the high school of the city Litomerice ( Litoměřice ). In 1815 he moved to Prague, in 1817 he received his doctorate in philosophy there, was a teacher of the Czech language at the Old Town High School until around 1827 and translated from English, French and German into the Czech language. He received a teaching post at Charles University in Prague , became a professor, dean of the Faculty of Philosophy in 1827 and 1838 and was rector of this university in 1840.

Act

Jungmann was a consistent advocate of the renewal of the written Czech language, unlike his teacher Josef Dobrovský , he wrote most of his publications in Czech. In 1805 his translation of “ Atala ” by François-René de Chateaubriand appeared , with which he wanted to prove that the Czech language is also suitable for reproducing demanding artistic texts. Translations by Johann Wolfgang Goethe , Friedrich Schiller and John Milton followed .

In the years that followed, he published a number of polemical texts, the best known of which was “Conversations on the Czech Language”, and advocated a new Czech prosody and the orthography proposed by Josef Dobrovský . In 1820 the "Slovesnost", a kind of stylistic textbook, appeared, in 1825 a history of Czech literature.

His most important work is the five-volume Czech-German dictionary (1834–39), in which he laid the foundation for modern Czech vocabulary. There he not only collected numerous documents for words that were used by writers from the Old Czech period from AD 1500 to the beginning of the 19th century, but also systematically expanded the vocabulary, both through borrowings from other Slavic languages, like through new formations based on a word formation process.

Honors

The Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences accepted Jungmann as a member and in 1839 the Austrian Imperial Leopold Order confirmed his services as a scientist. Jungmannplatz (Jungmannovo náměstí) in Prague's New Town is named after Josef Jungmann . In 1878 a bronze statue by the sculptor Ludvík Šimek was erected there for him, it is his most famous work. On August 6, 2003, an asteroid was named after him: (40441) Jungmann .

Relatives

Josef Jungmann was the brother of Anton Johann Jungmann , who taught obstetrics at the University of Prague.

Works

  • Croc
  • Nepředsudečné mínění o české prozódii, 1804
  • O jazyku českém, 1806
  • O klasičnosti literatury a důležitosti její
  • Oldřich a Božena, 1806
  • Rozmlouvání o jazyku českém
  • Antibohemia, 1814
  • Slovesnost aneb Sbírka příkladů s krátkým pojednáním o slohu, 1820
  • Slovo ke statečnému a blahovzdělanému Bohemariusovi, 1814
  • History literatury české aneb Soustavný přehled spisů českých, s krátkou historií národu, osvícení a jazyka, 1825
  • Slovník česko-německý, 1834–39 (5 ​​dílů) with the assistance of Jakub Josef Dominik Malý
  • Zápisky, 1871

literature

Web links

Commons : Josef Jungmann  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Jungmann, Josef
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Czech philologist and poet
DATE OF BIRTH July 16, 1773
PLACE OF BIRTH Hudlice
DATE OF DEATH November 14, 1847
Place of death Prague