Josef Teomim

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2004 newly erected tombstone for Joseph Theomim in the Jewish cemetery in Słubice

Josef Teomim (also Joseph Teomim , Yosef Teomim , patronymic Joseph ben Meir Theomim , incorrectly Josef Teomin , called Pri Megadim or Sweet Fruit, Hebrew יוסף בן מאיר תאומים; born 1727 in Schtschyrez , Poland-Lithuania , today Ukraine, died April 26, 1792 in Frankfurt (Oder) , Germany ) was a rabbi who worked in Galicia and Germany .

Life

After his birth, the family moved to Lemberg , about 24 km northeast , where Joseph's father Meir Theomim (d. 1772) worked as a dayan in a rabbinical court (Beth Din) , as a preacher (Maggid) and as an expert on religious laws (Posek) . Josef Theomim had two older brothers, Samuel and Elijah. Joseph studied the Torah with his father . When he was 18, additions he wrote appeared at the end of a book by his father.

Around 1744 Joseph Theomim moved to Komarno , 32 km southwest of Lviv, where he married Toyba Eliakim (also Taube Eliakim ; died April 28, 1804 in Frankfurt (Oder)), with whom he had three children: Israel, Frieda and Samuel. Joseph Theomim worked as a child teacher for Torah and Talmud (Melamed) and devoted every free minute to studying and writing books.

In 1767 he went to Berlin to study and write books there undisturbed. Joseph Theomim taught in Berlin at the Jewish college (Beth Midrash) of the banker Daniel Itzig . During his time in Berlin he had several arguments with the representative of the Jewish Enlightenment (Haskala) David Friedländer , who did not like seeing Joseph Theomim in Berlin.

After the death of his father in 1772, Joseph Theomim was asked to follow him as rabbi and rabbi in the Talmud College (Yeshiva) in Lemberg . He refused, however, because he wanted to have a book finished and printed. At the end of 1772 he followed the call and, like his father, became Dajan, Maggid and Posek in Lemberg.

In 1782 Joseph Theomim was appointed judge in the High Council (Av Beth Din) and rabbi in Frankfurt (Oder) , which he remained until his death. His employment contract of 1781 and copies of letters from him are in the Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People in Jerusalem ( Hebrew הארכיון המרכזי לתולדות העם היהודי ירושלים חל"צ) under inventory number 5683.

Joseph Theomim was buried in the Jewish cemetery in Frankfurt (Oder) -Dammvorstadt, today Słubice . The cemetery survived the Nazi era, but was largely leveled in the 1970s. In 2004 the site was given to the Jewish community of Szczecin. In the same year New York Rabbi Berel Polatsk donated a new tombstone for Theomim, which was made by Miklós Horváth from Nyíregyháza , Hungary. The inscription differs from that of the old stone.

Works

Theomim was one of the most progressive rabbis of his time, who had a deep knowledge of rabbinical literature and was well versed in the theological sciences.

  • Pri Megadim (פרי מגדים), an exegesis on some of the most important commentators on Shulchan Aruch ; in the Orach Chayyim section he wrote the Mishbetzot Zahav with an exegesis on David ben Samuels Ṭurei Zahav, and the Eshel Avraham on Avraham Gombiner's Magen Avraham (Frankfurt (Oder), 1753). In the section Yoreh De'ah he wrote the Siftei Da'at about Shabbethai Kohen's Siftei Kohen ( Hebrew ש"ך; Berlin, 1772) and continued the Mishbetzot Zahav .
  • Porat Yosef, novellas on Yebamot and Ketubot , with rules on decisions according to the Halacha (Zolkiev, 1756)
  • Ginnat Vradim, Seventy Rules for Understanding the Talmud (Frankfurt / Oder, 1767)
  • Tebat Gome, on the parts of the Sabbath (Frankfurt (Oder), 1782)
  • Shoshanat ha-'Amakim, a method of the Talmud, edited with Tebat Gome
  • No'am Megadim, Commentaries on the Prayer, published together with the Hegyon Leb prayer book
  • Rosh Yosef, short stories on Qodashim

Theomim left the manuscripts Sefer ha-Maggid (a commentary on the Torah and the Haftarot , prayers for the Sabbath and celebrations and a two-volume commentary on the sayings of the fathers ) and Em la-Binah (a Hebrew - Aramaic - Biblical Aremic lexicon). In an introduction to Em la-Binah , Theomim mentions a large number of his own writings on halacha and ethics that no longer exist.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Andreas Brämer, Jörg H. Fehrs, Michael Laurence Miller: The rabbis of the emancipation period in the German, Bohemian and Greater Poland countries 1781–1871 . Ed .: Michael Brocke, Julius Carlebach. KG Sauer, Munich 2004, ISBN 978-3-598-24871-9 , p. 63 .
  2. ^ Adolf Neubauer : Em la-Binah . In: Catalog of the Hebrew manuscripts in the Bodleian Library and in the college libraries of Oxford . tape 1 , no. 1500 . Clarendon Press, Oxford 1886.
personal data
SURNAME Teomim, Joseph
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Teomim, Joseph; Teomim, Yosef; Theomim, Joseph ben Meir; Teomin, Josef; Pri Megadim; Sweet fruit; יוסף בן מאיר תאומים
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Rabbis in Galicia and Germany
DATE OF BIRTH 1727
PLACE OF BIRTH Schyrez , Poland-Lithuania , today Ukraine
DATE OF DEATH April 26, 1792
Place of death Frankfurt (Oder) , Germany